Resolvin

The complex interplay between dietary factors, inflammation, and macrophage polarization is pivotal in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic liver diseases (CLDs). Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have brought in attention due to their potential to modulate inflammation and exert protective effects in various pathological conditions. Omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have shown promise in mitigating inflammation and enhancing the resolution of inflammatory responses...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate, in vivo, the effect of local application of Resolvin E1 (RvE1) on the bone regeneration of critical-size defects (CSDs) in Wistar rats utilizing gene expression and micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis. BACKGROUND: The inflammation-resolving actions of RvE1 are well established. The molecular mechanism of its bone-regenerative actions has been of significant interest in recent years; however, there is limited information regarding the same...

The understanding of the mechanisms of liver fibrosis has been dominated by models in which chronic hepatocellular injury is the initiating step as is seen with viral infections. The increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, and the increases in liver fibrosis due to metabolic syndrome driven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has made it a priority to understand how this type of liver fibrosis is similar to, and different from, pure hepatocellular injury driven liver fibrosis. Both types of liver fibrosis have the transformation of the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) into a myofibroblast as a key step...

The proliferation, migration and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells contribute to vascular remodeling and hypertension. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is a specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and can protect against different cardiovascular diseases. However, the role and mechanism of RvD1 in hypertension are not clear. The current study investigated the role of RvD1 in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice and Ang II-stimulated rat vascular smooth muscle cells...

Neuroinflammation plays critical roles in vascular dementia (VaD), the second leading cause of dementia, which can be induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis, the inflammatory programmed cell death, has been reported to contribute to the development of VaD. ChemR23 is a G protein-coupled receptor that has emerging roles in regulating inflammation. However, the role of ChemR23 signalling in NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in CCH remains elusive. In this study, a CCH rat model was established by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) surgery...

Inflammation is a critical component in the pathophysiology of numerous disease processes, with most therapeutic modalities focusing on its inhibition in order to achieve treatment outcomes. The resolution of inflammation is a separate, distinct pathway that entails the reversal of the inflammatory process to a state of homoeostasis rather than selective inhibition of specific components of the inflammatory cascade. The discovery of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) resulted in a paradigm shift in our understanding of disease etiopathology...

OBJECTIVE: The activation state of microglia is known to occupy a central position in the pathophysiological process of cerebral inflammation. Autophagy is a catabolic process responsible for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In recent years, autophagy has been demonstrated to play an important role in neuroinflammation. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is a promising therapeutic mediator that has been shown to exert substantial anti-inflammatory and proresolving activities. However, whether RvD1-mediated resolution of inflammation in microglia is related to autophagy regulation needs further investigation...

Chronic pain is an unpleasant experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Inflammatory pain alerts the body to inflammation and promotes healing; however, unresolved inflammation can lead to chronic pain. Conversely, neuropathic pain, due to somatosensory damage, can be a disease in itself. However, inflammation plays a considerable role in the progression of both types of pain. Resolvins, derived from omega-3 fatty acids, actively suppress pro-inflammatory mediators and aid in the resolution of inflammation...

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is a physiological state during which inflammation occurs. This complex biological response is necessary for the implantation process as well as delivery. In turn, its suppression during gestation favors the normal course of the pregnancy. Therefore, the presence of pro-resolving mediators, EPA and DHA derivatives, The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the levels of anti-inflammatory resolvins and their precursors in different trimesters of pregnancy with consideration of the women's weight, including overweight and obese women before pregnancy...

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The methyl ester of resolvin D5n-3 DPA , a lipid mediator biosynthesized from the omega-3 fatty acid n-3 docosapentaenoic acid, was stereoselectively prepared in 8% yield over 12 steps (longest linear sequence). The key steps for the introduction of the two stereogenic secondary alcohols were an organocatalyzed oxyamination and the Midland Alpine borane reduction. For the assembly of the carbon chain, the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction and the Takai olefination were utilized. The physical properties, including retention time in liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectra, of the synthetic material were matched against material from human peripheral blood and mouse infectious exudates...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a fatal and intractable disease accompanied by the comorbidity of chronic neuropathic pain. Here, we purposed to explore the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of Resolvin D2 (RvD2) on neuropathic pain after SCI. The in vivo model of traumatic SCI rats was established. Primary microglia isolated from neonatal rats were induced by TNF-α in vitro. The locomotor ability was assessed by the Basso-Beattie-Besnahan score. Hargreaves methods and Von Frey fibrofilaments were used to evaluate the symptoms of neuropathic pain including allodynia and hyperalgesia in rats...

Atherosclerosis (ATH) is a systemic disease characterized by a chronic inflammatory process and lipid deposition in the arterial walls. The chronic inflammation within ATH lesions results, at least in part, from the failed resolution of inflammation. This process is controlled actively by specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), namely lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins. Herein, biomimetic nanocarriers have been produced comprising a cocktail of SPMs-loaded lipid nanoemulsions (LN) covered with macrophage membranes (Bio-LN/SPMs)...

BACKGROUND: Increased inflammation contributes to pressure overload-induced myocardial remodeling. 17(R)-Resolvin D1 (17(R)-RvD1), a potent lipid mediator derived from docosahexaenoic acid, possesses anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties. However, the association between 17(R)-RvD1 and pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. METHODS: Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed to establish a cardiac hypertrophy model...

Vital pulp therapy and root canal therapy (RCT) are the dominant treatment for irreversible pulpitis. While the success rate of these procedures is favorable, they have some limitations. For instance, RCT leads to removing significant dentin in the coronal third of the tooth that increases root-fracture risk, which forces tooth removal. The ideal therapeutic goal is dental pulp regeneration, which is not achievable with RCT. Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) are well known for inflammatory resolution...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is typified by persistent joint inflammation, which leads to the deterioration of bone and cartilage and a reduction in overall quality of life. The global prevalence of pain as a primary symptom in RA is influenced by the interplay between inflammation and its resolution. The identification of a family of lipid mediators known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM)s has contributed to the progress of our comprehension of inflammatory conditions. SPMs have been observed to trigger the process of inflammation resolution, thereby reinstating the homeostasis of the inflammatory response...

Mucus plugging and non-resolving inflammation are inherent features of cystic fibrosis (CF) that may lead to progressive lung disease and exercise intolerance, which are the main causes of morbidity and mortality for people with CF. Therefore, understanding the influence of mucus on basic mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response and identifying strategies to resolve mucus-driven airway inflammation and consequent morbidity in CF are of wide interest. Here, we investigated the effects of the proresolving lipid mediator resolvin (Rv) D1 on mucus-related inflammation as a proof-of-concept to alleviate the burden of lung disease and restore exercise intolerance in CF...

Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids are important mediators in the resolution of inflammation. Recent studies have focused on the effects of SPMs in cardiovascular health and diseases. However, little is known about the effect SPMs on human vascular tone. Therefore, in this study it is aimed to investigate the effect of various SPMs including resolvin D- and E-series, maresin-1 (MaR1) and lipoxin-A4 (LxA4) on the vascular tone of human isolated saphenous vein (SV) preparations under inflammatory conditions...

Evidence for the biosynthetic pathways of the specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) protectin D1 (PD1) and its biochemical further local metabolism were presented during the 8th European Workshop on Lipid Mediators, organized June 29th -July 1st , 2022, in Stockholm, Sweden. Herein, we provide an extended and detailed discussion of these topics. PD1, one of 43 SPMs reported so far, exhibits very potent pro-resolution and anti-inflammatory bioactions. Many research groups worldwide have confirmed these and other interesting bioactions...

BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of hypertension and vascular remodeling. RvE1 (resolvin E1), as one of the specialized proresolving lipid mediators, promotes inflammation resolution by binding with a G protein-coupled receptor, ChemR23 (chemerin receptor 23). However, whether RvE1/ChemR23 regulates hypertension and vascular remodeling is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hypertension in mice was induced by Ang (angiotensin) II infusion (750 ng/kg per minute), and RvE1 (2 µg/kg per day) was administered through intraperitoneal injection...