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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dur E Shahnaz Shafi, Kjetil Nordbø Jørgensen, Thomas Bjella, Ragnar Nesvåg, Ingrid Dieset, Ingrid Melle, Ole A Andreassen, Erik G Jönsson
PURPOSE: Psychotropic and somatic medications are both used in treating severe mental disorders (SMDs). Realistic estimates of the prevalence of use across medication categories are needed. We obtained this in a clinical cohort of patients with SMD and healthy controls (HCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prescriptions filled at Norwegian pharmacies the year before and after admittance to the Thematically Organized Psychosis (TOP) study were examined in 1406 patients with SMD (mean age 32...
February 2, 2024: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shubhima Grover, Seema Jain
BACKGROUND: Deficits in cognitive functions are observed in various diseases. The term "nootropics" refers to the compounds that increase mental functions including memory, motivation, concentration and attention. Given the complexity and vastness of the processes involved in cognition, developing an appropriate animal model for the screening of nootropic agents still remains a daunting task. OBJECTIVES: This review attempts to elicit the current trends in the animal models being used for screening of nootropic agents and to effectively use this knowledge in improving prospects embarking this area of research...
April 25, 2022: Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Diána Martos, Bernadett Tuka, Masaru Tanaka, László Vécsei, Gyula Telegdy
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous tryptophan (Trp) metabolite known to possess neuroprotective property. KYNA plays critical roles in nociception, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. A lower level of KYNA is observed in patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases or psychiatric disorders such as depression and autism spectrum disorders, whereas a higher level of KYNA is associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Little is known about the optimal concentration for neuroprotection and the threshold for neurotoxicity...
April 5, 2022: Biomedicines
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Max Lam, Chia-Yen Chen, Tian Ge, Yan Xia, David W Hill, Joey W Trampush, Jin Yu, Emma Knowles, Gail Davies, Eli A Stahl, Laura Huckins, David C Liewald, Srdjan Djurovic, Ingrid Melle, Andrea Christoforou, Ivar Reinvang, Pamela DeRosse, Astri J Lundervold, Vidar M Steen, Thomas Espeseth, Katri Räikkönen, Elisabeth Widen, Aarno Palotie, Johan G Eriksson, Ina Giegling, Bettina Konte, Annette M Hartmann, Panos Roussos, Stella Giakoumaki, Katherine E Burdick, Antony Payton, William Ollier, Ornit Chiba-Falek, Deborah C Koltai, Anna C Need, Elizabeth T Cirulli, Aristotle N Voineskos, Nikos C Stefanis, Dimitrios Avramopoulos, Alex Hatzimanolis, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Robert M Bilder, Nelson B Freimer, Tyrone D Cannon, Edythe London, Russell A Poldrack, Fred W Sabb, Eliza Congdon, Emily Drabant Conley, Matthew A Scult, Dwight Dickinson, Richard E Straub, Gary Donohoe, Derek Morris, Aiden Corvin, Michael Gill, Ahmad R Hariri, Daniel R Weinberger, Neil Pendleton, Panos Bitsios, Dan Rujescu, Jari Lahti, Stephanie Le Hellard, Matthew C Keller, Ole A Andreassen, Ian J Deary, David C Glahn, Hailiang Huang, Chunyu Liu, Anil K Malhotra, Todd Lencz
Broad-based cognitive deficits are an enduring and disabling symptom for many patients with severe mental illness, and these impairments are inadequately addressed by current medications. While novel drug targets for schizophrenia and depression have emerged from recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of these psychiatric disorders, GWAS of general cognitive ability can suggest potential targets for nootropic drug repurposing. Here, we (1) meta-analyze results from two recent cognitive GWAS to further enhance power for locus discovery; (2) employ several complementary transcriptomic methods to identify genes in these loci that are credibly associated with cognition; and (3) further annotate the resulting genes using multiple chemoinformatic databases to identify "druggable" targets...
September 2021: Neuropsychopharmacology
#5
REVIEW
Ajay Kapur
Nootropics are drugs used to either treat or benefit cognition deficits. Among this class, methylphenidate is a popular agent, which acts through indirect dopaminergic and noradrenergic agonism and, therefore, is proposed to enhance performance in catecholamine-dependent cognitive domains such as attention, memory and prefrontal cortex-dependent executive functions. However, investigation into the efficacy of methylphenidate as a cognitive enhancer has yielded variable results across all domains, leading to debate within the scientific community surrounding its off-label use in healthy individuals seeking scholaristic benefit or increased productivity...
October 2020: CNS Drugs
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Neeraj Tandon, Satyapal Singh Yadav
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Withania somnifera popularly known as Aswagandha or Indian Ginseng/Poison Gooseberry have thousands years of history of use in Indian traditional medicine. Besides, finding place root of the plant as Indian Ginseng, Ayurveda also uses root of this plant as general health tonic, adaptogenic, nootropic, immunomodulatory etc. With its widespread and growing use, it becomes prudent to scientifically evaluate and document both the efficacy and safety of this plant in humans...
June 12, 2020: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenhao Xia, Emilija Veljkovic, Kyoko Koshibu, Manuel C Peitsch, Julia Hoeng
Bidirectional correlations between cigarette smoking and affective disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia, are well documented. These findings have led to substantial investigations into the effects of the major tobacco alkaloid, nicotine, and to a lesser extent, of other tobacco constituents, on the central nervous system (CNS). However, systematic profiling of the neuropharmacological effects of tobacco constituents is limited. To elucidate the effects of selected tobacco constituents on the CNS, we used the SmartCube® system, which captures and classifies behavioral features of compound-treated mice, to profile the psychiatric drugs-like properties of previously reported neuroactive tobacco compounds in mice...
December 15, 2019: European Journal of Pharmacology
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yue Xu, Chao Deng, Yongqiang Zheng, Nannuan Liu, Beibei Fu
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by hyperlocomotion, cognitive symptoms, and social withdrawal. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and postsynaptic density (PSD)-95 are related to schizophrenia-like deficits via regulating the synaptic ultrastructure, and play a role in drug therapy. Vinpocetine is a nootropic phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE-1) inhibitor that can reverse ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like deficits by increasing BDNF expression. However, the effects of vinpocetine on alleviating schizophrenia-like deficits via reversing the synaptic ultrastructure by regulating BDNF-related PSD-95 have not been sufficiently studied...
October 2019: Comprehensive Psychiatry
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tina Tomažič, Anita Kovačič Čelofiga
Better memory, greater motivation and concentration lead to greater productivity, efficiency and performance, all of which are features that are highly valued in a modern society focused on productivity. In the effort for better cognitive abilities, otherwise healthy individuals use cognitive enhancers (also known as nootropics), medicines for the treatment of cognitive deficits of patients with various disorders and health problems, such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, stroke, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ageing...
April 25, 2019: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine: PEHM
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tatiana V Lipina, Nikolay A Beregovoy, Alina A Tkachenko, Ekaterina S Petrova, Marina V Starostina, Qiang Zhou, Shupeng Li
Both Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) and dopamine receptors D2R have significant contributions to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Our previous study demonstrated that DISC1 binds to D2R and such protein-protein interaction is enhanced in patients with schizophrenia and Disc1-L100P mouse model of schizophrenia (Su et al., 2014). By uncoupling DISC1 × D2R interaction (trans-activator of transcription (TAT)-D2pep), the synthesized TAT-peptide elicited antipsychotic-like effects in pharmacological and genetic animal models, without motor side effects as tardive dyskinesia commonly seen with typical antipsychotic drugs (APDs), indicating that the potential of TAT-D2pep of becoming a new APD...
2018: Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience
#11
REVIEW
Rohit Sharma, Atul Kabra, M M Rao, P K Prajapati
Neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, epilepsy, depression and anxiety pose a sizable global health problem, accompanying substantial burden of disorders, suicides, physical comorbidities, high fiscal expenses, and poor quality of life. There is a recent upsurge in global interest toward the area of traditional therapies and phytomedicines are widely admired by researchers owing to their natural source and fewer side effects. On the contrary, conventional synthetic drugs have been reported with undesirable but inevitable ill effects having poor patient compliance...
2018: Current Pharmaceutical Design
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hebatalla I Ahmed, Somaia A Abdel-Sattar, Heba S Zaky
There are increasing evidences supporting the involvement of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in schizophrenia. Vinpocetine, a nootropic phosphodiesterase-1 inhibitor, was proven to possess anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials. This research aimed to reveal the likely protective features of vinpocetine against ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like deficits in rats. Additionally, the probable mechanisms contributing to this neuroprotection were also elucidated. Vinpocetine was given (20 mg/kg, i...
December 2018: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology
#13
REVIEW
T A Voronina, S A Litvinova
Clinical studies and experience in the use of pantogam (hopanthenic acid) and pantogam active (rac-gopantenic/D-, L-gopantenic acid) showed their efficacy and safety in patients with various pathologies. Pantogam has a unique spectrum of pharmacological effects (nootropic, anticonvulsant, mild activating) in the absence of addiction, hyperstimulation or withdrawal syndrome. Pantogam active, having also an additional anxiolytic effect, is characterized by bimodal activity, improves not only cognitive functions, but also emotional state in patients in psychiatric, neurological and cardiological practice with such diseases and conditions as anxiety/anxiety-depressive disorders, chronic brain ischemia, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure, arterial hypertension, epilepsy, craniocerebral trauma, schizophrenia as well as cognitive impairment in the structure of neurological and psychogenic deficiencies...
2017: Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Noreen Samad, Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs such as D2 antagonist haloperidol (HP). The chronic use of HP is involved in the causation of free radicals and/or oxidative stress. In view of the nootropic, anti-anxiety, anti-inflammatory-like effects of rice bran oil (RBO) in a variety of investigations, we assessed the protective properties of RBO on HP-induced TD and neurochemical alteration. Rats treated with HP orally at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day for a period of 5 weeks developed VCMs which increased progressively as the treatment continued for 5 weeks...
August 2017: Metabolic Brain Disease
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chi Hun Kim, Martha Hvoslef-Eide, Simon R O Nilsson, Mark R Johnson, Bronwen R Herbert, Trevor W Robbins, Lisa M Saksida, Timothy J Bussey, Adam C Mar
RATIONALE: Continuous performance tests (CPTs) are widely used to assess attentional processes in a variety of disorders including Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Common human CPTs require discrimination of sequentially presented, visually patterned 'target' and 'non-target' stimuli at a single location. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate the performance of three popular mouse strains on a novel rodent touchscreen test (rCPT) designed to be analogous to common human CPT variants and to investigate the effects of donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor and putative cognitive enhancer...
November 2015: Psychopharmacology
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pritsana Piyabhan, Thanitsara Wetchateng, Seewaboon Sireeratawong
BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is a common characteristic in schizophrenia that cannot be attenuated by antipsychotics. Brahmi, popularly known as a cognitive enhancer might be a new frontier of cognitive deficit treatment in schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE: To study effects of Brahmi on attenuation at cognitive deficit and cerebral glutamate/N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor density in sub-chronic phencyclidine (PCP) rat model of schizophrenia. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Rats were administered PCP or vehicle...
February 2013: Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrea de Bartolomeis, Chiara Sarappa, Elisabetta F Buonaguro, Federica Marmo, Anna Eramo, Carmine Tomasetti, Felice Iasevoli
Administration of NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine and MK-801, may induce psychotic-like behaviors in preclinical models of schizophrenia. Ketamine has also been observed to exacerbate psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia patients. However, memantine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist approved for Alzheimer's disease and proposed for antipsychotic augmentation, may challenge this view. To date, the molecular mechanisms by which these NMDA receptor antagonists cause different neurochemical, behavioral, and clinical effects are still a matter of debate...
October 1, 2013: Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
#18
EDITORIAL
Judith L Rapoport
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 2013: American Journal of Psychiatry
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
K S Alexander, A Pocivavsek, H-Q Wu, M L Pershing, R Schwarcz, J P Bruno
Levels of kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) antagonist, are elevated in the brain of patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and might contribute to the pathophysiology and cognitive deficits seen in the disorder. As developmental vulnerabilities contribute to the etiology of SZ, we determined, in rats, the effects of perinatal increases in KYNA on brain chemistry and cognitive flexibility. KYNA's bioprecursor l-kynurenine (100mg/day) was fed to dams from gestational day 15 to postnatal day 21 (PD21)...
May 15, 2013: Neuroscience
#20
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Randal G Ross, Sharon K Hunter, Lizbeth McCarthy, Julie Beuler, Amanda K Hutchison, Brandie D Wagner, Sherry Leonard, Karen E Stevens, Robert Freedman
OBJECTIVE: Deficient cerebral inhibition is a pathophysiological brain deficit related to poor sensory gating and attention in schizophrenia and other disorders. Cerebral inhibition develops perinatally, influenced by genetic and in utero factors. Amniotic choline activates fetal α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and facilitates development of cerebral inhibition. Increasing this activation may protect infants from future illness by promoting normal brain development. The authors investigated the effects of perinatal choline supplementation on the development of cerebral inhibition in human infants...
March 2013: American Journal of Psychiatry
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