k complex

Systemic vasculitides are a rare and complex group of diseases that can affect multiple organ systems. Clinically, presentation may be vague and non-specific and as such, diagnosis and subsequent management are challenging. These entities are typically classified by the size of vessel involved, including large-vessel vasculitis (giant cell arteritis, Takayasu's arteritis, and clinically isolated aortitis), medium-vessel vasculitis (including polyarteritis nodosa and Kawasaki disease), and small-vessel vasculitis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis)...

In Mississippi, the Pentatomidae complex infesting soybean is primarily composed of Euschistus servus , Nezara viridula , Chinavia hilaris , and Piezodorus guildinii . This study employed spray bioassays to evaluate the susceptibilities of these stink bugs to seven commonly used formulated insecticides: oxamyl, acephate, bifenthrin, λ-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and sulfoxaflor. Stinks bugs were collected from soybeans in Leland, MS, USA during 2022 and 2023, as well as from wild host plants in Clarksdale, MS...

This review explores the likely clinical impact of Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) activation by vitamin K on human health. PXR, initially recognized as a master regulator of xenobiotic metabolism in liver, emerges as a key regulator influencing intestinal homeostasis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy. The activation of PXR by vitamin K highlights its role as a potent endogenous and local agonist with diverse clinical implications. Recent research suggests that the vitamin K-mediated activation of PXR highlights this vitamin's potential in addressing pathophysiological conditions by promoting hepatic detoxification, fortifying gut barrier integrity, and controlling pro-inflammatory and apoptotic pathways...

In recent years, polyelectrolytes have been successfully used as an alternative to non-collagenous proteins to promote interfibrillar biomineralization, to reproduce the spatial intercalation of mineral phases among collagen fibrils, and to design bioinspired scaffolds for hard tissue regeneration. Herein, hybrid nanofibers were fabricated via electrospinning, by using a mixture of Poly ɛ-caprolactone (PCL) and cationic cellulose derivatives, i.e., cellulose-bearing imidazolium tosylate (CIMD). The obtained fibers were self-assembled with Sodium Alginate (SA) by polyelectrolyte interactions with CIMD onto the fiber surface and, then, treated with simulated body fluid (SBF) to promote the precipitation of calcium phosphate (CaP) deposits...

BACKGROUND: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are disproportionately impacted by socioeconomic deprivation and are at increased risk of developing other long-term conditions (LTCs). These illnesses require transformative action to tackle the adverse effects on their health. Data on lived experiences of LTCs among people living with HIV of Black African and Black Caribbean ethnicities are sparse, and how people with LTCs are impacted by social determinants of health (SDoH)...

Chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave (CP-FTMW) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for performing broadband gas-phase rotational spectroscopy, and its applications include discovery of new molecules, complex mixture analysis, and exploration of fundamental molecular physics. Here we report the development of a new K a band (26.5-40 GHz) CP-FTMW spectrometer that is equipped with a pulsed supersonic expansion source and a heated reservoir for low-volatility samples. The spectrometer is built around a 150 W traveling wave tube amplifier and has an instantaneous bandwidth that covers the entire K a band spectral range...

The development of coordination compounds with antineoplastic therapeutic properties is currently focused on non-covalent interactions with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Additionally, the interaction profiles of these compounds with globular plasma proteins, particularly serum albumin, warrant thorough evaluation. In this study, we report on the interactions between biomolecules and complexes featuring hydrazone-type imine ligands coordinated with vanadium. The potential to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of these compounds through mitochondrial targeting is explored...

The bglGFB operon in Escherichia coli K-12 strain BW25113, encoding the proteins necessary for the uptake and metabolism of β-glucosides, is normally not expressed. Insertion of either IS1 or IS5 upstream of the bgl promoter activates expression of the operon only when the cell is starving in the presence of a β-glucoside, drastically increasing transcription and allowing the cell to survive and grow using this carbon source. Details surrounding the exact mechanism and regulation of the IS insertional event remain unclear...

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important cascade of enzymes and peptides that regulates blood pressure, volume, and electrolytes. Within this complex system of reactions, its counter-regulatory axis has attracted attention, which has been associated with the pathophysiology of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. This review article analyzes the impact of different components of the counter-regulatory axis of the RAS on different pathologies. Of these peptides, Angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin-(1-9) and alamandine have been evaluated in a wide variety of in vitro and in vivo studies, where not only they counteract the actions of the classical axis, but also exhibit independent anti-inflammatory and fibrotic actions when binding to specific receptors, mainly in heart, kidney, and lung...

INTRODUCTION: Subgroups of autoantibodies directed against voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv ) complex components have been associated with immunotherapy-responsive clinical syndromes. The high prevalence and the role of autoantibodies directly binding Kv remain, however, controversial. Our objective was to determine Kv autoantibody binding requirements and to clarify their contribution to the observed immune response. METHODS: Binding epitopes were studied in sera (n = 36) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (n = 12) from a patient cohort positive for Kv 1...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα, a.k.a. TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that exerts most of its effects through type 1 TNF receptor (TNFR1). Following TNF binding, TNFR1 recruits TRADD (tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain). This interaction triggers formation of signalosome complexes which have been claimed to induce apoptosis (via downstream caspase activations), inflammation (via NF-kappaB) and stress pathways (JNK & p38). However, the mechanism underlying TNF-induced ERK and AKT activation is not completely revealed...

Obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal anomaly (OHVIRA) syndrome presents with complex diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and is characterized by uterine didelphys, obstructed hemivagina, and ipsilateral renal anomaly. A 14-year-old female with a history of anorectal malformation and urogenital sinus anomaly presented with menstrual blood in her urine, abdominal pain, and distension. Investigations revealed a bicornuate uterus, vesicovaginal fistula, and right ovarian cyst, leading to the diagnosis of OHVIRA syndrome...

The kidney, parathyroid gland, and choroid plexus express the aging-related transmembrane protein α-Klotho, a coreceptor of the fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) receptor complex. Reduced α-Klotho levels are correlated with chronic kidney disease and other age-related diseases, wherein they are released from membranes into circulation. Klotho's potential physiological action as a hormone is of current scientific interest. Part of the challenges associated with advancing these studies, however, has been the long-standing difficulty in detecting soluble α-Klotho in biofluids...

All biological and artificial agents must act given limits on their ability to acquire and process information. As such, a general theory of adaptive behavior should be able to account for the complex interactions between an agent's learning history, decisions, and capacity constraints. Recent work in computer science has begun to clarify the principles that shape these dynamics by bridging ideas from reinforcement learning , Bayesian decision-making , and rate-distortion theory . This body of work provides an account of capacity-limited Bayesian reinforcement learning , a unifying normative framework for modeling the effect of processing constraints on learning and action selection...

BACKGROUND: Depression is prevalent among Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) Veterans, yet rates of Veteran mental health care utilization remain modest. The current study examined: factors in electronic health records (EHR) associated with lack of treatment initiation and treatment delay; the accuracy of regression and machine learning models to predict initiation of treatment. METHODS: We obtained data from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW)...

BACKGROUND: Sex differences in mitochondrial function have been reported in multiple tissue and cell types. Additionally, sex-variable responses to stressors including environmental pollutants and drugs that cause mitochondrial toxicity have been observed. The mechanisms that establish these differences are thought to include hormonal modulation, epigenetic regulation, double dosing of X-linked genes, and the maternal inheritance of mtDNA. Understanding the drivers of sex differences in mitochondrial function and being able to model them in vitro is important for identifying toxic compounds with sex-variable effects...

The natural product hinokitiol mobilizes iron across lipid bilayers at low concentrations and restores hemoglobinization in iron transporter protein-deficient systems. But hinokitiol fails to similarly mobilize iron at higher concentrations, limiting its uses in chemical biology and medicine. Here we show that at higher concentrations, hinokitiol3 :Fe(III) complexes form large, higher-order aggregates, leading to loss of transmembrane iron mobilization. Guided by this understanding and systematic structure-function studies enabled by modular synthesis, we identified FeM-1269, which minimally aggregates and dose-dependently mobilizes iron across lipid bilayers even at very high concentrations...

The Arabian Peninsula accounts for approximately 6% of the world's coral reefs. Some thrive in extreme environments of temperature and salinity. Using 51 Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structure (ARMS), a standardized non-destructive monitoring device, we investigated the spatial patterns of coral reef cryptobenthic diversity in four ecoregions around the Arabian Peninsula and analyzed how geographical and/or environmental drivers shape those patterns. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was used to identify Amplicon Sequence Variants and assign taxonomy of the cryptobenthic organisms collected from the sessile and mobile fractions of each ARMS...

Quantum annealing, which involves quantum tunnelling among possible solutions, has state-of-the-art applications not only in quickly finding the lowest-energy configuration of a complex system, but also in quantum computing. Here we report a single-crystal study of the frustrated magnet α-CoV2 O6 , consisting of a triangular arrangement of ferromagnetic Ising spin chains without evident structural disorder. We observe quantum annealing phenomena resulting from time-reversal symmetry breaking in a tiny transverse field...

PURPOSE: Mental health (MH) is a critical public health issue. Arab immigrants/refugees (AIR) may be at high risk for MH problems owing to various unique stressors, such as post-September/11 demonization. Despite the growing AIR population in Western countries, there is a lack of AIR-MH research in these nations. The CAN-HEAL study examined MH experiences and needs among AIR in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: This study employed a cooperative community-based participatory research and integrated knowledge translation approach...