Prevention,Immunity,Aging Maintain Health

INTRODUCTION: Conventionally, vaccines are thought to induce a specific immune response directed against a target pathogen. Long recognized but poorly understood nonspecific benefits of vaccination, such as reduced susceptibility to unrelated diseases or cancer, are now being investigated and may be due in part to "trained immunity'. AREAS COVERED: We discuss 'trained immunity' and whether vaccine-induced 'trained immunity' could be leveraged to prevent morbidity due to a broader range of causes...

The significant rise of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic among young students has become a new feature of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in China, and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) among male students who have sex with men (SMSM) played a central role in this process. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of UAI, as well as analyze the factors associated with UAI among SMSM in Qingdao, China. From May 2021 to April 2022, men who aged 15 to 30, studied in a high school or college in Qingdao and had anal sex with men in the past 6 months were recruited through snowball method relying on the nongovernmental organization...

BACKGROUND: Whether lung function prospectively affects cognitive brain health independent of their overlapping factors remains largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between decreased lung function and cognitive brain health and to explore underlying biological and brain structural mechanisms. METHODS: This population-based cohort included 43,1834 non-demented participants with spirometry from the UK Biobank. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to estimate the risk of incident dementia for individuals with low lung function...

Antioxidant-rich dietary regimens are considered the best practice to maintain health, control inflammation, and prevent inflammatory diseases. Yet, nutraceuticals as food supplements are self-prescribed and purchasable over the counter by healthy individuals for the purpose of beneficial effects on fitness and aging. Hence, the effectiveness, safety, and correct intake of these compounds need to be better explored. Since redox-modulating activity of these compounds appears to be involved in activation and or suppression of immune cells, the preventive use of nutraceuticals is very attractive even for healthy people...

For decades research has centered on identifying the ideal balanced skin microbiome that prevents disease and on developing therapeutics to foster this balance. However, this single idealized balance may not exist. The skin microbiome changes across the lifespan. This is reflected in the dynamic shifts of the skin microbiome's diverse, inter-connected community of microorganisms with age. While there are core skin microbial taxa, the precise community composition for any individual person is determined by local skin physiology, genetics, microbe-host interactions, and microbe-microbe interactions...

Introduction: Geriatric population is most vulnerable to various emerging communicable and noncommunicable diseases due to various socio-economic, physiological, psychological and nutritional risk factors. Adequate nutritional status is utmost important in older age as it helps in maintaining the immune response and preventing the morbidities and mortalities in this age. Thus, the opportunistic screening of malnutrition among geriatric population gives an extra edge for achievement of healthy ageing in the elderly...

INTRODUCTION: The epidemiological situation of infectious diseases in Poland in 2020, including pertussis cases, was significantly influenced by the limitation of interpersonal contacts introduced to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus. There was a reduction by more than half in the number of recorded pertussis cases, from 1,629 in 2019 to 753 in 2020. Pertussis is most dangerous for young children, however, it can get sick at any age, and the disease does not leave permanent immunity...

BACKGROUND: The drive to vaccinate large populations is nowadays the main instrument for combating the pandemic and preventing serious disease and death. However, breakthrough infection (post-vaccination infection) still happens after vaccination among fully vaccinated people. We aimed to assess the severity outcomes and to determine its associated factors among vaccinated COVID-19 cases in the governorate of Sousse, Tunisia. METHODS: We carried out a five-month observational longitudinal study including all the population of Sousse...

These documents have been archived because they contain outdated information. They should not be consulted for clinical use, but for historical research only. Please visit the journal website for the most recent guidelines. Prenatal Screening for Fetal Aneuploidy [J Obstet Gynaecol Can 29 (2007) 146-161] AUTHORS Anne Summers, MD, North York, ON Sylvie Langlois, MD, Vancouver, BC Phil Wyatt, MD, PhD, Toronto, ON R. Douglas Wilson, MD, Philadelphia, PA A Report on Best Practices for Returning Birth to Rural and Remote Aboriginal Communities [J Obstet Gynaecol Can 29 (2007) 250-254] AUTHOR Carol Couchie, RM Diagnosis and Management of Placenta Previa [J Obstet Gynaecol Can 29 (2007) 261-266] AUTHOR Lawrence Oppenheimer, MD, Ottawa, ON Non-Medical Use of Fetal Ultrasound [J Obstet Gynaecol Can 29 (2007) 364-365] AUTHORS Michiel C...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Aging refers to a progressive decrease in functional performance, leading to increased mortality risk. At present, life expectancy is increasing worldwide and is expected to exceed 80 years by 2040. However, this increase in life expectancy also indicates a rise in the incidence and prevalence of diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal, and oncological diseases, which are associated with aging. The exact underlying mechanisms of aging remain unknown, and whether it is a programmed process or the consequence of an accumulation of stress events remains unclear...

Several reports have suggested that ageing negatively affects the human body resulting in the alteration of various parameters important for sufficient immune health. Although, the breakdown of innate and adaptive immunity has been hypothesized to increase an individual's susceptibility to infections including Mycobacteria tuberculosis ( M. tb ), little research has been done to bridge this gap and understand the pathophysiology underlying how ageing increases the pathogenesis of M. tb infection. Our objective was to study research from a plethora of resources to better understand the pathogenesis of ageing and its link to the human immune system...

BACKGROUND: Influenza A virus (IAV) is an important respiratory pathogen of pigs that affects pig health, well-being and productivity, has zoonotic potential, and has significant economic impact for producers. The ultimate goal is to maintain herds free from IAV. Due to the probability of IAV introduction into the herds, it is also desirable for herds to have some immunity to the virus. In this study, we evaluated a protocol that combined sow vaccination with the implementation of internal biosecurity practices during the pre-weaning period with the goal to wean IAV negative pigs...

BACKGROUND: In June 2009, the World Health Organization declared a new pandemic, the 2009 swine influenza pandemic (swine flu). The symptoms of the swine flu pandemic causing strain were comparable to most of the symptoms noted by seasonal influenza. AREA COVERED: Zoonotic viruses that caused the swine flu pandemic and its preventive measures. EXPERT OPINION: As per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the clinical manifestations in humans produced by the 2009 H1N1 'swine flu' virus were equivalent to the manifestations caused by related flu strains...

The novel coronavirus, namely, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), broke out two years ago and has caused major global health issues. Adequate treatment options are still lacking for the management of COVID-19 viral infections. Many patients afflicted with COVID-19 may range from asymptomatic to severe symptomatic, triggering poor clinical outcomes, morbidity, and mortality. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is pertinent to re-examine cancer prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic to prevent mortality and complications...

For more than 20 years, the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (WPR) has been polio-free. However, two current challenges are still polio-related. First, around half of poliomyelitis elderly survivors suffer late poliomyelitis sequelae with a substantial impact on daily activities and quality of life, experiencing varying degrees of residual weakness as they age. The post-polio syndrome as well as accelerated aging may be involved. Second, after the worldwide Sabin oral poliovirus (OPV) vaccination, the recent reappearance of strains of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) circulating in the environment is worrisome and able to persistent person-to-person transmission...

Despite significant increases in human lifespan over the last century, adoption of high calorie diets (HCD) has driven global increases in type-2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease, disorders precluding corresponding improvements in healthspan. Reflecting that such conditions are associated with chronic systemic inflammation, evidence is emerging that infection with parasitic helminths might protect against obesity-accelerated ageing, by virtue of their evolution of survival-promoting anti-inflammatory molecules...

Link-Gelles R, Lutterloh E, Schnabel Ruppert P, et al. MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71: 1-5 On July 18, 2022, the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) notified the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of detection of poliovirus type 2 in stool specimens from an unvaccinated immunocompetent young adult from Rockland County, New York, who was experiencing acute flaccid weakness. The patient initially experienced fever, neck stiffness, gastrointestinal symptoms, and limb weakness. The patient was hospitalized with possible acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)...

Neurodegenerative diseases are global public health problems that seriously affect the quality of human life. The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing year by year and there has been no effective treatment. Acanthopanax senticosus is a Chinese medicine for tonifying kidney and has a long medicinal and edible history. It contains many active ingredients such as saponins, coumarins, flavonoids, organic acids and polysaccharides, with pharmacological effects of anti-oxidation, anti-age, anti-inflammation, anti-fatigue and immune regulation...

Background: Nutritional issues are common in people with Human Immune Virus (HIV). At some point, almost everyone living with HIV faces challenges in maintaining good nutrition. There is insufficient evidence-based information on undernutrition in adults living with HIV on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy. Objective: To assess the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among patients receiving Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy in health facilities in the Bench Maji Zone, southwest Ethiopia in 2018...

The human gut is a complex but stable micro-ecosystem in which the intestinal microbiota play a key role in human health, the health of the intestine and also affect the ability of the host to metabolize nutrients. Intestinal microbiota can affect human physiological functions by regulating host metabolism, immunity and intestinal barrier function. Dysbiosis in the intestinal microbiota is a crucial stimulus for the development of various diseases, which is associated with a variety of diseases in the body...