Salivary

Functional salivary glands (SG) are essential for maintaining oral health, and salivary dysfunction is a persistent major clinical challenge. Several cancer therapies also have off-target effects leading to SG dysfunction. Recent advances highlight the role of SG immune populations in homeostasis, dysfunction and gland regeneration. Here, we review what is known about SG immune populations during development and postnatal homeostasis. We summarize recent findings of immune cell involvement in SG dysfunction following cancer treatments such as irradiation (IR) for head and neck cancers, immune transplant leading to graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment...

BACKGROUND: Gingivitis is the most common form of periodontal disease among children and adolescents and is associated with disrupted host-microbiome homeostasis. Family is an important factor influencing the prevalence of gingivitis. In the present study, we investigated the salivary microbiome, oral hygiene habits, and the salivary level of myeloid-related protein (MRP)-8/14 in children aged 7-12 years with gingivitis, periodontally healthy children, and their mothers. METHODS: This study included 24 children with gingivitis (including four sibling pairs) and 22 periodontally healthy children (including two sibling pairs) and their mothers...

Objectives: To provide an in-depth analysis of noninvasive methods for the early diagnosis of oral premalignant lesions, focusing on novel biomarkers and optical technologies, and to discuss their potential in improving the prognosis of patients with oral oncological diseases. Methods: This state-of-the-art review examines various noninvasive diagnostic techniques, including the utilization of salivary microRNAs and optical technologies such as Raman spectroscopy, elastic scattering spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, narrow-band imaging, autofluorescence imaging, toluidine blue staining, and microendoscopy...

Secretory carcinoma is a malignant salivary gland tumor, which typically presents as an indolent painless mass within the parotid gland. Involvement of minor gland is reported but less common. Secretory carcinoma was often misclassified as other salivary gland mimics and in particular, acinic cell carcinoma prior to 2010. It was first recognized by Skalova et al. as a molecularly distinct salivary gland tumor harboring the same fusion gene as well as histological and cytogenetic features seen in juvenile breast cancer...

Background  Breast cancer is one of the most lethal neoplasms causing death. Oral cavity is the rare site of distant metastasis from breast cancer. Very little research has been conducted to date to analyze breast cancer as the sole primary source of metastasis to the oral soft tissues. The goal of this study was to examine the published cases of oral soft tissue metastasis from breast cancer as the only primary source to date. Methods  An electronic search of the published literature was performed without publication year limitation in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, and Research Gate databases, using mesh keywords like ("Breast cancer", OR "Breast carcinoma") AND ("Metastasis" OR "Metastases"), And ("Oral soft tissues" OR "Tongue" OR "Palate" OR "Tonsil" OR "Buccal mucosa" OR "Floor of mouth" OR "Vestibule" OR "Salivary glands")...

The study investigated whether malondialdehyde (MDA), a biomarker for oxidative stress, can be used as a viable parameter in dog saliva for the diagnosis or early detection of periodontal disease (PD). Saliva MDA concentrations were measured preoperatively in dogs diagnosed with PD during dental prophylaxis and compared with those of dentally healthy dogs. 35 dogs were included in the study. The average MDA concentration was 270 ng/ml (range 27-633) in the dogs without PD (n = 10) and 183 (36-833) ng/ml (ng/ml) in the dogs with PD (n = 25)...

The exact mechanism of sialolith formation has yet to be determined. Recurrence of sialolithiasis is rare, affecting only 1%-10% of patients. The current study presents a case of recurrent stones that occurred twice on the right submandibular gland 6 months postoperative and 7 months after reoperation in a 48-year-old female patient. The stones were analyzed using histology, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The first stone showed a three-layered structure with a poorly mineralized peripheral multilayered zone, highly mineralized middle layer, and the central nidus...

Pulmonary salivary gland-type, although bear resemblance to their salivary gland counterparts, present a diagnostic challenge due to their rarity. Clinical features overlap with lung carcinoma; however, management strategies and outcomes are distinct. Onus falls on the pathologist to avoid misinterpretation of small biopsies especially in young, nonsmokers with slow growing or circumscribed endobronchial growths. A combination of cytokeratin, myoepithelial immunohistochemical markers, and identification of signature molecular alteration is invaluable in differentiation from lung cancers and subtyping the pulmonary salivary gland-type tumor...

PURPOSE: There is emerging evidence that demonstrates the health benefits of hot water immersion including improvements to cardiovascular health and reductions in stress and anxiety. Many commercially available hot tubs offer underwater massage systems which purport to enhance many benefits of hot water immersion, however, these claims have yet to be studied. METHODS: Twenty participants (4 females) completed three, 30-min sessions of hot-water immersion (beginning at 39 °C) in a crossover randomized design: with air massage (Air Jet), water massage (Hydro Jet) or no massage (Control)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Psychological stress has been identified in some observational studies as a potential factor that may modify and affect periodontal diseases, but there are no similar data for peri-implantitis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)α inflammatory cytokines and the psychological stress-related markers, glucocorticoid receptor-α (GRα), and salivary α-amylase (sAA) gene expression levels in saliva samples obtained from healthy implants and peri-implantitis patients...

PURPOSE: Sensory alterations and oral manifestations are prevalent among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. While taste and smell alterations have been thoroughly investigated, studies on their oral somatosensory perception remain limited. Building upon our previous publication that primarily focused on objective somatosensory measurements, the present work examined self-reported sensory perception, including somatosensation and oral symptoms, in HNC patients and evaluated their link with eating behaviour...

AIM: This study aims to evaluate the relation between salivary proteinase 3 (PR3) concentration and caries severity in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six-to-eight-year age group children, from the Outpatient Department of Pediatric and Preventive dentistry at PMS Dental College were selected for the study. From these children, three groups each consisting of 28 children were selected according to the dental caries severity. Three groups were: (1) No Dental Caries group, (2) Low Dental Caries group with DMFT/DEFT score of 1-4, and (3) High Dental Caries group with DMFT/DEFT score of 5-15...

BACKGROUND: Malignant salivary gland tumors are rare. However, their morphological overlap and difficulty to differentiate benign from malignant makes diagnosing such diseases a challenging task. Geographical variation in distribution of these diseases is well documented in the literature. This study aims to review the histological and epidemiological variations of malignant salivary gland tumors in Sudanese patients considering the new WHO 2022 classification. METHODOLOGY: This retrospective study included malignant salivary gland tumours in our lab spanning from the period of 2014 to 2022...

CONTEXT: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), or OSMF, is a well-known, potentially premalignant condition of the oral cavity. Monitoring OSMF widespread effects necessitate interventions in at-risk individuals, ideally before the disease becomes aggressive. Ascorbic acid and iron, for instance, are significant micronutrients in the pathogenesis of OSMF. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the significance of ascorbic acid and iron levels in serum and saliva in patients with premalignant disorder (OSMF) and to correlate variations in ascorbic acid and iron levels with histopathological grading...

Distant metastasis to salivary glands is a very rare event. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been known for its high propensity of metastasis to unusual locations and salivary glands are one among those sites. Approximately 0.1% of all salivary gland metastatic neoplasms originate from renal malignancies Literature has reported several studies analysing the metastatic tumors to the oral region. However, very little research work has been published to date to analyse solely the RCC metastasizing to the salivary glands...

The current study explored longitudinally whether oxytocin receptor gene methylation (OXTRm) changes moderated the association between parental sensitivity changes and children's attachment changes over three waves. Six hundred six Flemish children (10-12 years, 42.8%-44.8% boys) completed attachment measures and provided salivary OXTRm data on seven CpG sites. Their parents reported their sensitive parenting. Results suggest that OXTRm changes hardly link to attachment (in)security changes after the age of 10...

Defining the exact histological features of salivary gland malignancies before treatment remains an unsolved problem that compromises the ability to tailor further therapeutic steps individually. Radiomics, a new methodology to extract quantitative information from medical images, could contribute to characterizing the individual cancer phenotype already before treatment in a fast and non-invasive way. Consequently, the standardization and implementation of radiomic analysis in the clinical routine work to predict histology of salivary gland cancer (SGC) could also provide improvements in clinical decision-making...

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BACKGROUND: Schwannomas are solitary neurogenic tumors originating from the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves. Extracranial hypoglossal schwannomas comprise <5% of all head and neck schwannomas and can mimic submandibular salivary gland tumors. CASE REPORT: We report the diagnostic imaging, surgical treatment, and histopathological findings of a rare case of extracranial schwannoma of the hypoglossal nerve in a 73-year-old female, presented with an asymptomatic swelling in the left submandibular region that had been persisted for approximately three years...

PURPOSE: Assessment in medical education has changed over time to measure the evolving skills required of current medical practice. Physical and biophysical markers of assessment attempt to use technology to gain insight into medical trainees' knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The authors conducted a scoping review to map the literature on the use of physical and biophysical markers of assessment in medical training. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors searched seven databases on 1 August 2022, for publications that utilized physical or biophysical markers in the assessment of medical trainees (medical students, residents, fellows, and synonymous terms used in other countries)...