Nutrition

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients rank among the highest levels of comorbidities compared to persons with other diseases. However, it is unclear whether the conditions are caused by shared pathophysiology due to the genetic pleiotropy for AD risk genes. OBJECTIVE: To figure out the genetic pleiotropy for AD risk genes in a wide range of diseases. METHODS: We estimated the polygenic risk score (PRS) for AD and tested the association between PRS and 16 ICD10 main chapters, 136 ICD10 level-1 chapters, and 377 diseases with cases more than 1,000 in 312,305 individuals without AD diagnosis from the UK Biobank...

In response to bacterial infection, the vertebrate host employs the metal-sequestering protein calprotectin (CP) to withhold essential transition metals, notably Zn(II), to inhibit bacterial growth. Previous studies of the impact of CP-imposed transition-metal starvation in A. baumannii identified two enzymes in the de novo biosynthesis pathway of queuosine-transfer ribonucleic acid (Q-tRNA) that become cellularly abundant, one of which is QueD2, a 6-carboxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin (6-CPH4 ) synthase that catalyzes the initial, committed step of the pathway...

CONTEXT: Childhood lead poisoning prevention in the United States was marked by a largely failed medical approach from 1971 to 1990; an emergent (but small) healthy housing primary prevention strategy from 1991 to 2015; and implementation of large-scale proven interventions since then. PROGRAM: Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention & Healthy Housing. METHODS: Historic and recent health and housing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the American Healthy Homes Survey (AHHS) were retrieved to analyze trends and associated policy gaps...

BACKGROUND: Iodine is one of the crucial micronutrients needed by the human body, and is vitally important during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the iodine status of pregnant women and their knowledge, and practices regarding iodized salt. All participants were enrolled in the Butajira nutrition, mental health and pregnancy (BUNMAP) cohort, Butajira, Ethiopia in February-May, 2019. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 152 pregnant women without hypertension or known thyroid disease before or during pregnancy were randomly selected from the BUNMAP mother to child cohort (n = 832)...

The ongoing COVID-19 has led to an increase in negative emotions and health awareness among consumers. This paper discusses the emotion bias of Chinese consumers during the three periods: the pre-COVID-19 period, the COVID-19 lockdown period, and the COVID-19 normalization period. This study takes health products as the research object and crawls relevant reviews on the JD platform to classify products. The data were classified into emotion, the intensity of emotion was calculated, and the logistic regression model and variance analysis were used to analyze the difference in emotion expression...

BACKGROUND: Making lifestyle changes is an essential element of abdominal obesity (AO) reduction. To support lifestyle modification and self-management, we developed an information and communication technology-based self-management system-DialBeticsLite-with a fully automated dietary evaluation function for the treatment of AO. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the preliminary efficacy and feasibility of DialBeticsLite among Japanese office workers with AO...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE: Cholinesterase is a nutritional marker associated with sarcopenia. The present study evaluated the relationship between cholinesterase and postoperative infectious complications in patients undergoing colorectal resection for colorectal cancer. METHODS: The study involved 231 patients who had undergone colorectal resection for colorectal cancer. We retrospectively investigated the relationship between preoperative serum cholinesterase levels and postoperative infectious complications...

BACKGROUND: Sleep problem is a highly prevalent health issue among pediatric populations across the world. In this review, we aimed to identify risk factors contributing to sleep deficiency and poor sleep hygiene in children. Potential biological, psychosocial, and environmental mechanisms as well as research gaps in the literature are also discussed. DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive search for relevant English language full-text, peer-reviewed publications was performed focusing on pediatric sleep studies from prenatal to childhood and adolescence in a variety of indexes in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Psych Info...

BACKGROUND: Clinical data on the modern topic fasting among cancer patients are rare. This review aimed to summarise published clinical data on fasting and its effects on patients undergoing chemotherapy and therefore to give some directions in advising patients with the desire to fast. METHOD: A systematic search was conducted searching five electronic databases (Embase, Cochrane, PsychInfo, CINAHL and Medline) to find studies concerning the use, effectiveness and potential harm of fasting during therapy on cancer patients...

The nutritional risk index (NRI), which is based on weight and albumin levels, is closely associated with the prognosis of many cancers. However, its prognostic value has not been investigated in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). We aimed to assess the association between the NRI and survival outcomes in patients with NDMM. We retrospectively collected and analyzed clinical and laboratory data from patients with NDMM between 2005 and 2019 at our center. Patients were stratified into the high NRI (> 89) and low NRI (≤ 89) groups for prognostic analysis...

PURPOSE: This study aimed at quantifying and ranking the effects of different foods or food groups on weight loss. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase to April 2021. We included randomized trials evaluating the comparative effects of two or more food groups, or compared a food group against a control group (usual diet, no intervention) for weight loss in adults. We conducted random-effects network meta-analysis with Bayesian framework to estimate mean difference [MD] and 95% credible interval [CrI] of the effect of food groups on weight loss...

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BACKGROUND: There is a lack of specific nutrition assessment tools for pediatric patients with cancer. The aim was to evaluate the performance of the ANPEDCancer assessment tool in a pediatric population with cancer, verifying its ability to detect nutrition inadequacy and predict the length of hospital stay (LOS). METHODS: Evaluated 111 pediatric patients hospitalized in the National Cancer Institute (INCA) in 2019 to assess nutrition status. Patients were classified as malnourished and well nourished by the ANPEDCancer...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Hemp is a valuable crop with a wide range of use, from applications in foods and textiles to pharmaceuticals. Over recent years, the use of hemp as food and food ingredients has drastically increased. The growth is driven by numerous health benefits hemp possesses and its wide range of applications in the food industry. This review provides the scientific literature concerning the benefits of industrial hemp in the food industry. The relevant historical context of use, recent applications in the food industry, health benefits, various development challenges, and the global market outlook for hemp-based food products have been analyzed...

BACKGROUND: In 2020, a multidose human-milk fortifier (MDHMF) was designed to improve the process of human-milk (HM) fortification. The bottle of MDHMF (5.5 oz, 163 ml) allows aseptic removal of HMF in a precise measure. This survey aimed to examine the experience of nutrition care team (NCT) members who used the MDHMF in a hospital setting. METHODS: A survey link (Qualtrics XM) was sent to NCT leaders (N = 108) at hospitals who participated in an evaluation of the MDHMF from June 1, 2020, through April 30, 2021...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Biomarkers proposed to provide prognosis or to determine the response to enteral nutrition have been assessed in a number of experimental and clinical studies which are summarized in the current review. RECENT FINDINGS: There are several pathophysiological mechanisms identified which could provide biomarkers to determine response to enteral nutrition. Several biomarkers have been studied, most of them insufficiently and none of them has made its way to clinical practice...

Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is highly prevalent in children with intestinal failure (IF) and oral iron supplementation is often ineffective in this patient population. Even though various intravenous (IV) iron formulations are available, there is a dearth of data on the use of newer parenteral iron products such as IV iron sucrose, especially in infants and young children (<2 years of age) with IF. To determine safety and efficacy, we performed a retrospective chart review on infants and children younger than 2 years with IF who received IV iron sucrose for IDA between October 2019 and August 2021...