Nutrition

The pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans, and other microbes must be able to handle drastic changes in nutrient availability within the human host. Copper, iron, and phosphate are essential micronutrients for microbes that are sequestered by the human host as nutritional immunity; yet high copper levels are employed by macrophages to induce toxic oxidative stress. Grf10 is a transcription factor important for regulating genes involved in morphogenesis (filamentation, chlamydospore formation) and metabolism (adenylate biosynthesis, one-carbon metabolism)...

Alkaptonuria (AKU, OMIM, No. 203500) is a rare, slow-progressing, irreversible, multisystemic disease resulting from a deficiency of the homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase enzyme, which leads to the accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA) and subsequent deposition as pigment in connective tissues called ochronosis. As a result, severe arthropathy of large joints and spondyloarthropathy with frequent fractures, ligament ruptures, and osteoporosis develops in AKU patients. Since 2020, the first-time treatment with nitisinone has become available in the European Union...

INTRODUCTION: In sub-Saharan Africa, there is limited evidence on the COVID-19 health-related effect from front-line health provision settings. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine maternal and neonatal health services in three referral hospitals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted an observational study using aggregate monthly maternal and neonatal health services routine data for two years (March 2019-February 2021) in three referral hospitals including two maternities: Hôpital National Ignace Deen (HNID) in Conakry and Hôpital Regional de Mamou (HRM) in Mamou and one neonatology ward: Institut de Nutrition et de Santé de l'Enfant (INSE) in Conakry...

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition and inflammation are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes or coronary artery disease (CAD). Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is a comprehensive and simple indicator reflecting nutritional condition and immunological status. Whether there is a crosstalk between nutritional-immunological status and diabetes status for the impact on the prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unclear. METHODS: A total of 9429 consecutive CAD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were grouped by diabetes status [diabetes (DM) and non-diabetes (non-DM)] and preprocedural PNI level [high PNI (H-PNI) and low PNI (L-PNI)] categorized by the statistically optimal cut-off value of 48...

BACKGROUND: Luteolin, a common flavonoid in our daily diet, has potent anti-diabetic effects. However, its prognostic impact on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still uncertain. This study aimed to clarify this association. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 2,461 patients with T2DM were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary luteolin intake was estimated by the type and amount of food consumed in a 24-hour dietary recall...

BACKGROUND: Systemic inflammation is recognized as a hallmark of cancer that contributes to tumor development and progression in various malignancies. The Naples prognostic score (NPS) was established as a prognostic indicator for colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aims to examine the predictive value of the NPS for survival in CRC patients undergoing curative resection by a propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. METHODS: A total of 533 CRC patients were enrolled in this study...

INTRODUCTION: Medical nutritional therapy is vital in patients with diabetes. A low glycemic index (GI) is generally advised in the management of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the efficacy of this advice has not been systematically examined. The purpose of this study was to determine whether recommending a low to moderate GI rice (RD43 rice; GI = 56.9) in women with GDM would reduce the number of women requiring insulin, compared with rice of high GI (Thai Hom Mali [THM] rice; GI = 80...

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity among people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) has become more prevalent since the widespread adoption of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies and presents a new challenge for nutritional care. We aimed to explore how clinicians working in CF care approach the management of adults with overweight and obesity. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with n = 20 clinicians (n = 6 physiotherapists, n = 6 doctors and n = 8 dietitians) working in 15 adult CF centres in the United Kingdom...

The poultry industry has benefited greatly from advances in genetics, nutrition, housing and management strategies. Geneticists have made welfare and health traits important components of selection programs, and in general, modern, high-producing poultry are healthier than 30 years ago. However, increased productivity means that the birds are closer to their physiological limits, and nutrition, environment and management have become increasingly important. The move away from in-feed antibiotic growth promotors has resulted in challenges in maintaining gut health and consequently, bird performance...

Cows fed total mixed rations (silage-based) may not receive as much essential fatty acids (EFAs) and conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) as cows fed pasture-based rations (fresh grass) containing rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids. CLA-induced milk fat depression allows dairy cows to conserve more metabolisable energy, thereby shortening the state of negative energy balance and reducing excessive fat mobilisation at early lactation. EFAs, particularly α-linolenic acid, exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties, thereby modulating immune functions...

Precision livestock farming (PLF) concerns the management of livestock using the principles and technologies of process engineering. Precision nutrition (PN) is part of the PLF approach and involves the use of feeding techniques that allow the proper amount of feed with the suitable composition to be supplied in a timely manner to individual animals or groups of animals. Automatic data collection, data processing, and control actions are required activities for PN applications. Despite the benefits that PN offers to producers, few systems have been successfully implemented so far...

Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a chronic disorder that significantly affects oral function. It can affect appetite and the mechanical components involved with eating, including mandibular opening, biting, chewing, and even swallowing. Thus, dietary intake and, subsequently, nutrition status are affected. The functional challenges presented by the disorder affect eating-related quality of life and can affect food choices and diet quality and composition. This article addresses disorder-related factors affecting the eating experience of adults with TMDs and approaches to diet management...

Reptiles are being presented more frequently to veterinarians because they increase in popularity. As with domestic pets, dermatologic conditions are common findings in captive reptiles and can be associated with husbandry and nutritional deficiencies, infectious diseases, and neoplasia. To have success with these cases, it is important to take a stepwise and strategic approach, starting with a thorough anamnesis and physical examination. From there, diagnostic tests should be pursued, with an understanding of the limitations of each diagnostic test...

Dermatologic conditions are common in avian practice and can be caused by a huge array of potential disorders, ranging from infectious diseases, ectoparasites, metabolic disorders, nutritional deficiencies, and management deficits. The skin is the largest organ in the body and has the potential to lead to significant discomfort and welfare compromise when pathology is present. Some conditions may be relatively pathognomonic based on gross findings, whereas others may require a full diagnostic workup to investigate...

BACKGROUND: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are endocrine disrupting chemicals that have myriad effects on human physiology. Estrogenic PFASs may influence biological aging by mimicking the activity of endogenous estrogens, which can decrease inflammation and oxidative stress and enhance telomerase activity. We hypothesized that PFAS exposure would be differentially associated with measures of biological aging based on biological sex and reproductive stage. METHODS: We analyzed associations between serum PFAS levels and measures of biological aging for pre- and postmenopausal women and men (n = 3193) using data from the 2003 to 2018 waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey...

The adaptive response to overfeeding is associated with profound modifications of gene expression in adipose tissue to support lipid storage and weight gain. The objective of this study was to assess in healthy lean men whether a supplementation with polyphenols could interact with these molecular adaptations. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were sampled from 42 subjects participating to an overfeeding protocol providing an excess of 50% of their total energy expenditure for 31 days, and who were supplemented with 2 g/day of grape polyphenols or a placebo...

Current clinical treatments have not yet effectively cured progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and axonal degeneration after optic nerve (ON) injury. We previously demonstrated green tea extract (GTE) can reduce RGC death in rats after ischemic injury. Here, we aim to determine the prophylactic and therapeutic effects and mechanisms of GTE on RGC survival and axonal regeneration in rats with ON injury. GTE (275 or 550 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically for 7 days before or 14 days post-ON crush surgery in adult Fischer 344 rats...

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a spectrum of liver abnormalities induced by chronic alcohol abuse, continues to be the major cause of life-threatening liver disease in developed countries. Autophagy and exosomes were individually confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of ALD. Here, we sought to identify the role of autophagy and exosomes in the liver protective effects of quercetin. We observed decreased hepatic LC3II/LC3I and increased p62 level in ethanol-fed mice, and these changes were alleviated by quercetin...

People living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) require long-term support at varying levels of individualization, intensity and frequency. Mobile and digital models of nutrition care can facilitate long-term behavior change, address nutrition issues proactively, reduce travel burden, and reach people without access to healthcare more easily. However, while the traditional health delivery continues to be digitally disrupted, there are many barriers to address before mobile and digital supported models of nutrition care can become business as usual in nephrology and nutrition care practice...

OBJECTIVE: Malnutrition is a common complication in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We examined whether nutritional status is associated with the preservation of kidney function, using a cohort of typical ADPKD. METHODS: We enrolled ambulatory ADPKD patients in nine tertiary medical centers in Korea from May 2019 to December 2021. We excluded patients who were aged less than 18 years, who had known end-stage kidney disease at the time of enrollment, who had a diagnosis of atypical ADPKD, and who were Tolvaptan users...