Nutrition

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown that sleep and allergic rhinitis (AR) is closely associated, bidirectionally affecting each other. Adolescence is a period that adequate sleep is essential, and the burden of AR increases, both of which greatly affect the quality of life. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between inappropriate sleep duration and each AR-related subjective/objective factor in Korean adolescents. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 1936 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2010 to 2012...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the relationship of nutrient density and diet cost with anemia and iron deficiency (ID) in children. METHODS: Dietary intake data of 5- to 12-y-old children (n = 578) from three independent studies in low-income communities were pooled. Nutrient densities were calculated using the Nutrient Rich Foods index and Nutrient Rich Diet index, with higher scores indicating more nutrient-dense foods and diets. Food prices and food intake data were used to calculate ratios of nutrient density to price for foods and diets...

Aggressive nutrition therapy is essential to improve nutrition and function in patients with malnutrition and sarcopenia. Malnutrition and sarcopenia negatively affect functional recovery and activities of daily living. Nutrition improvement is associated with better functional recovery. Target energy intake in aggressive nutrition therapy is defined as total energy expenditure (TEE) plus the amount of energy accumulated. The amount of energy accumulation per 1 kg of body weight is generally 7500 kcal. If the goal is to gain 1 kg of weight over 30 d, TEE + 250 kcal is the target daily energy intake...

OBJECTIVES: Malnutrition is frequently developed and outcome-related in patients with lung cancer (LC). Making a rapid and accurate diagnosis of malnutrition is the major concern for dietitians and clinicians. METHODS: We performed a multicenter, observational cohort study including 1219 patients with LC. Malnutrition was diagnosed using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria, and the study population was randomly divided into a training group (n = 914) and a validation group (n = 305)...

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OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study was to investigate the association of phase angle (PA) with sarcopenia and its components and to evaluate the effectiveness of PA in sarcopenia diagnosis in older men (>65 y of age) with cancer. METHODS: The study included older men with non-small cell lung cancer and digestive tract cancer who were hospitalized in the past 3 y. General characteristics such as age, body mass index, and tumor stage were gathered. Mid-upper arm muscle circumstance, calf circumstance, and handgrip strength (HGS) were measured...

BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated educational nutrition activities in undergraduate nursing, and none have published how the established food assessment method, the food diary, can be used as a pedagogical method in this context. OBJECTIVE: To describe undergraduate nursing students' learning outcomes of basic nutrition and important elements for their learning after conducting a one-day food record with a subsequent seminar (henceforth: "the food diary method")...

The effects of live weight on carcass characteristics and meat quality of Australian Rangeland goats were determined. Fifty-two intact-male kid goats were fed Mitchell grass hay and finisher pellets ad libitum for 42 days. Prior to slaughter, kids were categorised into live weight groups: 'Heavy' (≈33.1 kg) or 'Light' ≈ 24.3 kg). Fifteen kids per group were randomly selected, slaughtered and carcass characteristics measured. The longissimus lumborum (LL) and the biceps femoris (BF) muscles were removed for quality measurements...

This study was designed to evaluate changes in color following pork chop supplementation with porcine hemin, astaxanthin and paprika red in response to repeated freeze-thaw processes. Surface color analyses revealed that hemin significantly enhanced the appearance of the pork chops (P < 0.05), and the coloring efficiency of 0.10% hemin was similar to that of 0.20% astaxanthin and 0.08% paprika red. Sensory evaluations conducted on both raw and fried chops showed that hemin and astaxanthin significantly enhanced the overall acceptability of the chops before and after cooking...

L-carnitine is an indispensable metabolite facilitating the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix and has been previously postulated to exert a nutrigenomic effect. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain mostly unclear. We hypothesized that L-carnitine interacts with nuclear receptors involved in metabolic regulation, thereby modulating downstream targets of cellular metabolism. Therefore, we investigated the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on protein activity, mRNA expression, and binding affinities of nuclear receptors as well as mRNA expression of downstream targets in skeletal muscle cells, hepatocytes, and differentiated adipocytes...

Plants must rapidly adapt to changes in nutrient conditions. Especially adaptations to changing nitrogen environments are very complex involving also major adjustments on the protein level. Here, we used a size-exclusion chromatography-coupled to mass spectrometry approach to study the dynamics of protein-protein interactions induced by transition from full nutrition to nitrogen starvation. Comparison of interaction networks established for each nutrient condition revealed a large overlap of proteins which were part of the protein-protein interaction network, but that same set of proteins underwent different interactions at each treatment...

Skeletal muscles and bone tissue form the musculoskeletal apparatus, a complex system essential for the voluntary movement. The loss of muscle mass and muscle strength is often associated with a loss of bone mass, in a "hazardous duet" which implies the co-existence of sarcopenia-osteoporosis and exposes patients to a deterioration in quality of life and increased mortality. From the mechanostat theory to the recent definition of the osteosarcopenia syndrome, many aspects of muscle-bone interaction have been investigated in recent decades...

Insulins are peptide hormones widely studied for their important regulatory roles in metabolism, growth and development. In insects, insulin signaling along with the target of rapamycin (ToR) are involved in detecting and interpreting nutrient levels. Recently, by transcriptome analysis we reported an up-regulation of transcripts involved in insulin/ToR signaling in unfed Rhodnius prolixus; however, this signaling pathway is only activated in fed insects. Here, continuing with the blood-gorging triatomine R...

AIMS: The present study investigated the potential effects of pterostilbene (PT) on glycemic and lipid profiles, fat storage, cardiovascular indices, and hepatic parameters of rats fed with sucrose solution. MAIN METHODS: 24 male Wistar rats received either drinking water or a 40% sucrose solution over a period of 140 days. After this period, animals were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 6): Control (C), C + Pterostilbene (PT), Sucrose (S), and S + PT...

BACKGROUND: The present study reviewed the quality, nutrition content and behaviour change techniques (BCTs) of apps aimed at those with cancer. METHODS: The Apple App Store and Androids' Google Play were searched in March 2020. Apps were scored for accountability as per Silberg's standards, quality as per the Mobile Application Rating Scale, and BCTs using the CALO-RE Taxonomy. Nutrition content was summarised and a checklist developed from the European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ESPEN) cancer and nutrition guidelines and the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) guidelines for Cancer Survivors...

In the present study, a multi-biomarker approach was used to assess the toxicity of the coal mine effluent (CME) generated at the Rajrappa coal mine on the catfish Clarias batrachus. A core of biomarkers indicative of nutritional value, oxidative stress, and histopathology was selected to illustrate the toxic effects of CME-containing different heavy metals and other toxicants. The results of metal bioaccumulation in CME-exposed fish tissues revealed the highest metal concentration in liver (1.34-297.68 mg/kg) while lowest in muscles (1...

Single-anastomosis duodenoileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy/one anastomosis duodenal switch (SADI-S/OADS) was developed as a bariatric operation with reduced overall morbidity and lasting weight loss results. We performed a systematic review of the literature, including 14 studies reporting on weight loss, comorbidity resolution, postoperative complications, and nutritional deficiencies following SADI-S. Twelve months after SADI-S, the mean total body weight lost ranged from 21.5 to 41.2%, with no weight regain being observed after 24 months...

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is highly prevalent and a consequence of inflammation and related comorbidities among patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) is recommended for malnourished patients with kidney failure. The study aimed to evaluate renal-specific oral nutrition (ONCE dialyze) supplement on nutritional status in patients on hemodialysis. METHODS: Patients were randomized into 3 groups; treatment groups received 370 kcal/day of ONCE Dialyze (N = 26) or 370 kcal/day of NEPRO (N = 30) for 30 days...

Postnatal growth failure and its impact on the long term outcomes in preterm neonates is a long-standing problem. Optimal and aggressive nutrition strategies are required to ameliorate these concerns. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is widely practiced in management of preterm neonates. Recently published National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines provide recommendations for best practices for parenteral nutrition in neonates. However, healthcare associated sepsis, expertise as well as infrastructure of TPN, monitoring facilities and cost remain major constraints for widespread use of TPN in resource limited settings...

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition in all its forms remains a serious global concern, particularly affecting children, a highly vulnerable population group. Home visits during the first year of life using the community worker platform is an unexplored opportunity for making improvements in nutritional status. DESIGN: Tracking weight for age of infants by ASHA workers. SETTING: 13 districts in the states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan...