Pulsewave velocity

Preeclampsia-eclampsia syndrome is a leading cause of maternal mortality. The precise etiology of preeclampsia is still not well-defined and different forms exist, including early and late forms or preeclampsia, which may arise via distinctly different mechanisms. Low-dose aspirin administered at the end of the first trimester in women identified as high risk has been shown to reduce the incidence of early, but not late, preeclampsia; however, current risk factors show only fair predictive capability. There is a pressing need to develop accurate descriptions for the different forms of preeclampsia...

AIM: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with increased arterial stiffness and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. We tested whether those variables are acutely affected by a high fat meal (HFM). METHODS: Responses to a HFM were measured in adolescents with T1D (N = 14) or without T1D (Control, N = 21). Heart rate variability (HRV), arterial stiffness, blood pressure (BP), and energy expenditure (EE) were measured before (baseline) and four times over 180 min postprandially...

Arterial compliance and autonomic regulation are predictors of cardiovascular disease. In adults, both are altered chronically by type 1 diabetes (T1D) and acutely by exercise; however, the effects of T1D and exercise are less clear in adolescents. We measured short-term effects of a high-intensity aerobic interval exercise session on cardiovascular and metabolic variables in normal weight adolescents with T1D or without T1D (Control). Energy expenditure (EE), heart rate variability (HRV), arterial compliance, and blood pressure (BP) were measured before exercise (baseline) and three times over 105 minutes postexercise...

OBJECTIVE: Arterial stiffness indices measured by pulse wave velocity and pulse wave analysis have been widely studied in different populations. Only a few small studies have been reported regarding these two measurement methods. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare the arterial stiffness indices measured by pulse wave velocity and pulse wave analysis in a randomly selected Chinese population. METHODS: A total of 4285 subjects were recruited from Gaoyou County, Jiangsu Province, China...

OBJECTIVES: Increased circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 23, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and endostatin are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Here, we evaluated correlations among these parameters and graft dysfunction and their relation with arterial stiffness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 73 maintenance kidney transplant patients with stable allograft function who had received the transplant at least 36 months previously...

Pulse wave imaging (PWI) is a noninvasive technique for tracking the propagation of the pulse wave along the arterial wall. The 3-D ultrasound imaging would aid in objectively estimating the pulse wave velocity (PWV) vector. This paper aims to introduce a novel PWV estimation method along the propagation direction, validate it in phantoms, and test its feasibility in vivo. A silicone vessel phantom consisting of a stiff and a soft segment along the longitudinal axis and a silicone vessel with a plaque were constructed...

INTRODUCTION: Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) is evidently associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), recently its use has been questioned. We studied the utility of MetS diagnosis when estimating individual CVD risk. METHODS: We compared 27 fertile women with MetS and 27 counterparts without the syndrome, matched pairwise according to well-known risk factors of CVD. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central blood pressure (cBP) were determined noninvasively via a SphygmoCor device...

BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has significant implications for the future health of the mother. Some clinical studies have suggested subclinical inflammation and vascular dysfunction after GDM. We aimed to study whether concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and -9, as well as values of arterial stiffness differ between women with and without a history of GDM a few years after delivery...

Lipoprotein abnormalities such as low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and high triglycerides (TGs), associated with the metabolic syndrome, are also associated with subsequent decline in kidney function. Patients with end-stage kidney disease also exhibit low HDL and high TGs and a modest reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), although the mechanisms responsible for these changes differ when patients with end-stage kidney disease are compared with those having metabolic syndrome with normal kidney function, as do lipoprotein structures...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) and association with brachial-ankle pulsewave velocity (baPWV) in the elderly patients with essential hypertension(EH). METHODS: A total of 133 consecutive EH patients older than 60 years were enrolled and another 92 elderly non-EH healthy subjects served as control. According to blood pressure level, EH patients were further classified into three subgroups. The concentration of plasma total antioxidant status was measured by using chemical luminescence method...

We sought to determine whether childhood obesity is associated with increased aortic stiffness by measuring the biophysical properties of the aorta in obese children using a noninvasive echocardiographic Doppler method. Increased aortic stiffness is a strong predictor of future cardiovascular events and mortality in adults. Obesity is known to be associated with increased aortic stiffness and arterial disease in adults. We prospectively evaluated a cohort of obese children (n = 61) and compared them to normal-weight controls (n = 55)...

BACKGROUND: Changes in the peripheral vasculature occur in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). The aims of the present study were to characterize peripheral arterial waveforms and aortic pulsewave velocity (PWV) in patients with AS and to determine their relationship to exercise time. METHODS: The study included 101 patients with a median age of 68 years (range, 27-84 years) with at least moderate AS. Patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography, an assessment of the radial artery waveform and PWV using a SphygmoCor device, and a treadmill exercise stress test...

AIMS: The study aimed to investigate early-stage atherosclerosis in patients with impaired fasting glucose compared with patients with impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS: Body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, lipid variables, ankle-brachial pressure index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity were measured in 2842 subjects from Takasaki city located approximately 100 km north of Tokyo in Japan. The subjects were divided into the following five groups based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test: (i) normal fasting plasma glucose/normal glucose tolerance group, (ii) impaired fasting glucose group, (iii) impaired glucose tolerance group, (iv) combined glucose intolerance group and (v) diabetic glucose intolerance group...

We compared the endothelial function and vascular wall characteristics of 11 children with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (age 13 +/- 3 years) with the characteristics of 17 age-matched peers (12 +/- 2 years). Echocardiographic Doppler measurements were performed under standardized conditions to assess (1) the carotid and femoral artery diameter and intima-media thickness, (2) brachial artery endothelial function using flow-mediated dilation, and (3) central and peripheral compliance using pulsewave velocity. In addition, the physical activity level was assessed using a validated questionnaire...

Peripheral arterial distensibility is improved with sprint interval exercise training in young healthy participants (Rakobowchuk et al. in Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295:R236-R242, 2008). To fully understand the mechanisms contributing to these training effects it is useful to examine the acute responses to sprint interval exercise. Following supine rest, nine healthy males completed either a single sprint interval (Wingate test) or a multiple sprint interval exercise session (4 Wingate tests each separated by 4...

The purpose was to identify the association between lower-extremity function and arterial compliance in older men and women. Participants included 46 healthy men (n = 18) and women (n = 28) 60 years of age or older. Lower-extremity functional performance was assessed by the summary performance score (SPS) that includes tests of 5 timed repeated chair rises, standing balance, and 4-meter walking velocity. Arterial compliance and arterial pressure were analyzed through pulsewave analysis. Small arterial compliance (3...

OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This work studied the presence of impaired forearm haemodynamics, arterial stiffness and microcirculatory reactivity in young women with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: Sixty-five women aged 41-52 years, with rheumatoid arthritis, were screened for the absence of common cardiovascular risk factors. They underwent laser Doppler study on the hand at rest and after ischaemia, endothelium-dependent dilation with colour Doppler ultrasound and pulsewave velocity (PWV)...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of metabolic syndrome (MS) features on arterial elasticity of the large and small arteries in apparently healthy adults, to examine the effect of clustered features of MS, and to determine which features are most predictive of large and small artery elasticity. The subjects for this study consisted of 126 men and women, age 45 years and older. The subjects rested supine while pulse contour analysis was measured from the radial artery by using an HDI/Pulsewave CR-2000 instrument (Hypertension Diagnostic, Inc) to assess arterial elasticity in the large and small arteries...

Understanding arterial distensibility has shown to be important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular abnormalities like hypertension. It is also known that arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a measure of the elasticity or stiffness of peripheral arterial blood vessels. However, it generally requires complex instrumentations to have an accurate measurement and not suited for continual monitoring. In this paper, it describes a simple and non-intrusive method to detect the cardiovascular pulse from a human wrist above the radial artery and a fingertip...

BACKGROUND: Several new techniques exist for measuring arterial stiffness, but their association with central pulse wave velocity (PWV), an established measure of central arterial stiffness, has not been compared in the same study. The aim of this study was to compare the agreement of the new techniques with central PWV. METHODS: Fifteen men with coronary artery disease (59 +/- 2 years of age) and 15 healthy men (28 +/- 1 years of age) were recruited. The following measures were performed in a random sequence and repeated after 1 week: central and distal pulse wave velocity (PWV), large and small artery compliance (C1 and C2, respectively), and stroke volume/pulse pressure (SV/PP) (measured by HDI/PulseWave CR-2000), augmentation index (AIx) and central pulse pressure (CPR) (Sphygmocor), stiffness index (SI) (Micro Medical Pulse Trace), systemic arterial compliance (SAC) (area method), and brachial PP (Dinamap)...