Multiple sclerosis biomarkers

Whole-proteome autoantibody profiling reveals an immunological signature that predates the clinical onset of multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Up to 65% of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience disease-related cognitive impairment, but even after decades of research, still very little is known about the cognitive issues among older adults with MS (EwMS; individuals aged 60+). To date, few studies have attempted to characterize cognitive impairment in this group or compare EwMS with those with other neurodegenerative diseases. Our goal was to address this knowledge gap by comparing EwMS with individuals experiencing cognitive impairment due to probable Alzheimer disease (AD) with biomarker confirmation...

BACKGROUND: There is a need for biomarkers of disease progression and therapeutic response in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipids that differentiate MS from other neuroinflammatory conditions and correlate with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, gadolinium-enhancing lesions or inflammatory mediators. METHODS: Lipids and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were quantified with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and multiplex ELISA, respectively, in CSF from people with untreated MS, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), other inflammatory neurological diseases and non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NIND)...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the alteration in structural and functional connectivity networks (SCN and FCN) as well as their coupling in pediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), and determine if these properties could serve as potential biomarkers for the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total of 32 children with MOGAD and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were employed to construct the SCN and FCN, respectively...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive demyelinating disease impacting the central nervous system. Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques (e.g., T2 w images) help diagnose MS, although they sometimes reveal non-specific lesions. Quantitative MRI techniques are capable of quantifying imaging biomarkers in vivo, offering the potential to identify specific signs related to pre-clinical inflammation. Among those techniques, Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) is particularly useful for studying processes that influence the magnetic properties of brain tissue, such as alterations in myelin concentration...

About 80 % of brain disorders have a genetic basis. The pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases is associated with a myriad of genetic defects, epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation, histone/chromatin remodeling, miRNA dysregulation), and environmental factors. The emergence of new sequencing technologies and tools to study the epigenome has led to identifying predictive biomarkers for earlier diagnosis, opening up the possibility of prophylactical interventions. As a result, advances in pharmacogenetics and pharmacoepigenomics now allow for personalized treatments based on the profile of each patient and the specific genetic and epigenetic mechanisms involved...

BACKGROUND: MS (Multiple sclerosis) is a progressive neurologic disorder often appearing in the third decade of life. MS is the most frequent demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The development of MS is influenced by environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. The bulk of the human transcriptome comprises lncRNAs, which play crucial regulatory roles. We aimed to assess the SNHG3 and BCYRN1 lncRNA expression in blood samples from MS patients and how these lncRNAs and disease activity are related...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease and has adverse implications. The exact mechanism of its pathogenesis is not fully understood and remains to be elucidated. In the current study we aimed to identify key genes that can serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for MS and shed light on pathogenesis mechanisms involved in MS. We analyzed a gene expression dataset (GES21942) and found 266 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 183 upregulated and 83 downregulated genes in MS patients compared to controls...

Studying the relationship between cerebral oxygen utilization and cognitive impairment is essential to understanding neuronal functional changes in the disease progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study explores the potential of using venous susceptibility in internal cerebral veins (ICVs) as an imaging biomarker for cognitive impairment in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients. Quantitative susceptibility mapping derived from fully flow-compensated MRI phase data was employed to directly measure venous blood oxygen saturation levels (Sv O2 ) in the ICVs...

Addressing inflammation, demyelination, and associated neurodegeneration in inflammatory demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) remains challenging. ACT-1004-1239, a first-in-class and potent ACKR3 antagonist, currently undergoing clinical development, showed promise in preclinical MS models, reducing neuroinflammation and demyelination. However, its effectiveness in treating established disease and impact on remyelination after the occurrence of demyelinated lesions remain unexplored. This study assessed the therapeutic effect of ACT-1004-1239 in two demyelinating disease models...

BACKGROUND: Eye movements can reflect brain alterations and inform on the presence of motor disabilities and cognitive impairments in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between motor and cognitive measurements and eye movement parameters when performing the n-back task (NBKT). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at Ramos Mejía Hospital, a center specialized in demyelinating diseases in Buenos Aires, Argentina...

The Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) constitute a spectrum of rare autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system characterized by episodes of transverse myelitis, optic neuritis, and other demyelinating attacks. Previously thought to be a subtype of multiple sclerosis, NMOSD is now known to be a distinct disease with unique pathophysiology, clinical course, and treatment options. Although there have been significant recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of NMOSD, the field still lacks clinically validated biomarkers that can be used to stratify disease severity, monitor disease activity, and inform treatment decisions...

BACKGROUND: Currently, an increasing body of research suggests that blood-based long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could serve as biomarkers for diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS). This meta-analysis evaluates the diagnostic capabilities of selected lncRNAs in distinguishing individuals with MS from healthy controls and in differentiating between the relapsing and remitting phases of the disease. METHODS: We conducted comprehensive searches across seven databases in both Chinese and English to identify relevant studies, applying stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Leptomeningeal enhancement (LME) on post-contrast FLAIR is described as a potential biomarker of meningeal inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we report an assessment of the impact of MRI field strength and acquisition timing on meningeal contrast enhancement (MCE). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, observational study of 95 participants with MS and 17 healthy controls (HC) subjects. Each participant underwent an MRI of the brain on both a 7 Tesla (7T) and 3 Tesla (3T) MRI scanner...

Engineering new solutions for therapeutic benefit in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) has proved a difficult task to accomplish. This is largely the reflection of complexities at multiple levels, that require solutions to improve cost-effectiveness and outcomes. The main obstacle related to the condition's clinical heterogeneity, chiefly the broad difference in survival observed among ALS patients, imposes large populations studies and long follow-up to evaluate any efficacy. The emerging solution is composite clinical and biological parameters enabling prognostic stratification into homogeneous phenotypes for more affordable studies...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface that regulates the exchange of molecules and cells between the brain parenchyma and the peripheral blood. The BBB is mainly composed of endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes. The integrity of this structure is essential for maintaining brain and spinal cord homeostasis and protection from injury or disease. However, in various neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis, the BBB can become compromised thus allowing passage of molecules and cells in and out of the central nervous system parenchyma...

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system with a high heterogeneity among patients. In the clinical setting, one of the main challenges is a proper and early diagnosis for the prediction of disease activity. Current diagnosis is based on the integration of clinical, imaging, and laboratory results, with the latter based on the presence of intrathecal IgG oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid whose detection via isoelectric focusing followed by immunoblotting represents the gold standard...

MiR-142-3p has recently emerged as key factor in tailoring personalized treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with heterogeneous pathophysiology and an unpredictable course. With its involvement in a detrimental regulatory axis with interleukin-1beta (IL1β), miR-142-3p orchestrates excitotoxic synaptic alterations that significantly impact both MS progression and therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we investigated for the first time the influence of individual genetic variability on the miR-142-3p excitotoxic effect in MS...