Composte resin

Compost-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM), which has a wide distribution of molecular weight (MW) and polarity, has a potential application in the remediation of the contaminated soil due to its redox-active functional groups. Composting treatment can change the MW and polarity of the DOM through microbial transformation and degradation. However, the relationship between the redox properties of compost-derived DOM and its MW and polarity is still unclear. DOM was extracted from municipal solid wastes with different composting times in this study, and it was further fractionated into humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA) and hydrophilic (HyI) fractions based on its hydrophobicity and XAD-8 resin...

A series of multi-scaled cementite/iron porous carbon (CIPC-T) composites with extremely low nitrogen content and millimeter-size spherical format are successfully prepared through a simple carbothermal pyrolysis of exchanged resin spheres by ferric oxalate anions. CIPC-T samples are characterized to be composted of highly dispersed core-shell structured Fe3C/Fe @ graphitic carbon (CI@GC) nano-particles embedded in porous amorphous carbon frame. The mechanism for the formation of the composites is proposed based on the results of XRD, SEM, TEM and TGA...

In organic soil fertility management, rock phosphate (RP) is gaining momentum as an acceptable phosphorus source, though much of this P is not bioavailable for plant uptake, particularly in igneous RP. This study evaluated the nutrient solubilization, biodegradation and heavy metal concentration when cow dung - waste paper mixture amended with increasing rates of igneous RP was vermicomposted with E. fetida . The cow dung was optimized to a C/N ratio of 30 using waste paper and amended with RP to provide 0%; 2%; 4% and 8% of elemental phosphorus on a dry w/w basis...

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) extracted from Lake Shankou sediments using KCl was isolated into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions. The bioavailabilities of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions to three types of bacterial communities collected from sediments, activated sludge and compost products were examined. The DON recoveries obtained by DAX-8 and cation exchange resins treatment were 96.17%±1.58% and 98.14%±0% for the samples obtained from N4 and N14 stations, respectively. After 25 days of incubation at 25°C, most DON (59% to 96%) was degraded...

In this study, used brewers draff was investigated as a novel sorbent for Cr(VI) and compared with other biosorbents (grape waste, peat moss, and sawdust). FTIR-ATR, BET analysis, and pHPZC determination were used to characterize the sorbents. Kinetic and equilibrium experiments were performed, and two empirical models, Langmuir and Freundlich, were used to describe Cr adsorption. Additionally, packed bed column experiments were also performed. In order to identify possible reduction processes, ion exchange separation on the AG1-X8 resin was used to separate the anionic Cr(VI) and the reduced cationic Cr(III) from the aqueous phase after biosorption...

Biodegradation-induced changes in the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the subsequent effects on disinfection byproduct formation potentials (DBPFPs) were investigated using six different sources of DOM (algae, leaf litter, reed, compost, paddy water, and treated municipal sewage effluent). Microbial incubation of the DOM samples increased the specific ultraviolet absorbance and humic-like fluorescence but decreased the protein/tannin-like fluorescence and relative distribution of smaller-sized DOM components...

Melamine resin (MR) is introduced to the environment from many industrial effluents, including waste paint sludge (WPS) from the automobile industry. Melamine resin contains a high nitrogen (N) content and is a potential N source during composting. In this study, two carbon sources, waste paper (WP) and plant residue (PR), were used to study their effects on composting of WPS. Additional work tested the WPS-composts effects on plant growth and soil water quality. After 84 days of composting, 85% and 54% of the initial MR was degraded in WP- and PR-composts, respectively...

Increasing availability of soil arsenic is of significance for accelerating phytoremediation efficiency of As-polluted sites. The effects of seven amendments, i.e., citrate, oxalate, EDTA, sodium polyacrylate (SPA), phosphate rock (PR), single superphosphate (SSP), and compost on fractionation and phytoavailability of soil As were investigated in lab culture experiment. The results showed that the addition of PR, SPA, EDTA or compost to soils significantly increased the concentration of NaHCO(3)-extractable As over a 120 d incubation period compared with the control (amendment-free) soil...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of N(2)-fixing and P-solubilizing bacteria during maturation of vermicompost on phosphorus availability. A bacterial suspension containing Burkholderia silvatlantica, Burkholderia spp. and Herbaspirillum seropedicae was applied at the initial stage of vermicomposting. At the end of the incubation time (120days), the nitrogen content had increased by18% compared to uninoculated vermicompost. Water-soluble P was 106% higher in inoculated vermicompost while resin-extractable P increased during the initial vermicomposting stage and was 21% higher at 60days, but was the same in inoculated and uninoculated mature compost...

PURPOSE: The study examines the effectiveness of red mud, blast furnace (BF) slag, and alum-derived water treatment sludge as immobilizing agents for excessive soluble P that had accumulated in three green waste-based composts. METHODS: The three wastes were applied at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% w/w to three different composts, all containing extremely high concentrations of extractable P, and were incubated for 60 days. Water-soluble P was measured regularly throughout the incubation period, and at the end, P extractable with resin, 0...

Melamine formaldehyde resins have hard and durable properties and are found in many products, including automobile paints. These resins contain high concentrations of nitrogen and, if properly composted, can yield valuable products. We evaluated the effects of starter compost, nutrients, gypsum and microbial inoculation on composting of paint sludge containing melamine resin. A bench-scale composting experiment was conducted at 55 °C for 91 days and then at 30 °C for an additional 56 days. After 91 days, the composts were inoculated with a mixed population of melamine-degrading microorganisms...

Van Soest fractionation is widely employed to characterize exogenous organic matter. The soluble fraction of Van Soest fractionation (SOL, extracted using hot water and then neutral detergent) often increases in line with compost maturity, although it is generally considered as labile. We have developed an alternative extraction method that comprises four successive steps (extraction using hot water, sodium tetraborate, dichloromethane/methanol and chelating resin) in order to clarify the chemical nature of the SOL fraction and explain its biodegradability...

The influence of compost on the bioaccessibility, bioavailability and ecotoxicity of pentachlorophenol (PCP) as a function of time was studied by means of different chemical and ecotoxicological methods. Experiments were conducted in both sterile and non-sterile microcosms and samplings carried out at 20, 60 and 120d from initial contamination. PCP bioaccessibility, assessed by means of Porapak resin extraction, was around 75% of the applied dose with no aging or compost effects. Two different methods were applied to assess the bioavailability of PCP, respectively, to bacteria and earthworms and linked to ecotoxicological assays (biosensor and earthworm coelomocytes assays)...

From waste came forth surfactants: Humic acid like substances isolated from 0-60 day-old compost display excellent surface activity and solvent properties. These biosurfactants were used to solubilize a dye in water below and above their critical micellar concentration. The biosurfactant unimers appear to have higher dye-solubilizing power than the corresponding micelles.Humic acid like substances isolated from compost show potential as chemical auxiliaries. In the present study, three surfactant samples were obtained from green waste composted for 0-60 days to assess aging effects of the source on the properties of the products...

Contamination of soils with mercury can be a serious problem. It can be mobilized or stabilized by humic substances (HS) containing binding sites with reduced sulfur that can have different binding capacities for CH(3)Hg(+) and for Hg(2+). In this work we investigated the influence of different humic acids (HAs, extracted from lignite, compost, and forest soil) on mercury mobility and availability, both in a model solution and in soil samples from a mercury-polluted region. The technique of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT), which is capable of measuring: (i) free metal in solution; (ii) dissociated metal complexes previously mobilized by HA; (iii) mobilized metal-HA complexes that liberate metals by dissociation or by exchange reaction between the metal-HA complexes and the chelating groups on the resin-gel, was used in solutions and soils...

An analytical scheme for the separation of humic substances (HSs) and non-humic substances (non-HSs) was established to estimate the humification index (HI), which was defined as the ratio of HS carbon content to non-HS carbon content. The alkaline compost-extract contained a mixture of HSs and non-HSs, while acidification of the compost-extract resulted in precipitation of humic acid (HA). The acidified supernatant contained fulvic acid (FA) and non-HSs. In the present study, DAX-8 resin was used to separate FA and non-HSs...

This paper compared the effectiveness of four organic materials for decreasing the amounts of soil extractable Cr(VI) in Cr(VI)-contaminated soils using the DOWEX M4195 resin-extraction method. Organic matters were added into Cr(VI)-spiked soils [500 mg Cr(VI)(kgsoil)(-1)] in the form of sugarcane dregs compost (SCDC), cattle-dung compost (CDC), soybean meal (SBM) and rice bran (RB), in the amounts of 0, 1%, and 2% by dry weight, respectively. The results indicated that adding only 1% organic matter to the studied soils could effectively decrease the amount of soil resin-extractable Cr(VI) after 12 days of incubation...

This study investigated the feasibility of a bulking agent of granular porous media (GPM) for the composting of swine manure. Two lab-scale composting reactors were operated to evaluate the general performances and maturity parameters using GPM made of wastes from the Portland cement manufacturing processes as an alternative bulking agent. The overall volatile solid (VS) removal was 38.5% (dry basis). During the experiments, moisture content ranged between 41% and 53%, ensuring feasibility of microbial activity in composting...

The interactions of environmental toxicants with organic substances affect the speciation and dynamics, and subsequent toxicity, mobility, and fate of toxicants in the environment. For the purpose of understanding the complexation of As(V) with humic substances, arsenate-containing solutions with As concentrations from 1 to 8 mgl(-1) were prepared to react with the water extract of compost (WEC). All the reaction systems including the control were incubated for 48 h at 25 degrees C. The complexation of As(V) with humic substance was examined by dialysis and ion exchange techniques...

In situ incubation methods may help provide site-specific estimates of N mineralization from land-applied wastes. However, there are concerns about the reliability of the data generated by the various methods due to containment artifacts. We amended a sandy soil with either poultry manure, biosolids, or yard-waste compost and incubated the mixtures using four in situ methods (buried bags, covered cylinders, standard resin traps, and "new" soil-resin traps) and a conventional laboratory technique in plastic bags...