Glargine

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the efficacy of using a long-acting insulin analog, along with the infusion of regular insulin, in achieving appropriate glycemic control and correcting lactic acidosis in patients post orthotopic heart transplant who demonstrate severe lactic acidosis and insulin resistance. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of two cohorts (IRB FLA 20-003) of patients post orthotopic heart transplant with severe lactic acidosis and insulin resistance who were admitted to a tertiary intensive care unit and treated with (group 1) or without long-acting insulin analog (group 2) within the first 24 h of admission to the intensive care unit...

OBJECTIVE: To assess risk of anaphylaxis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are initiating therapy with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), with a focus on those starting lixisenatide therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A cohort study was conducted in three large, U.S. claims databases (2017-2021). Adult (aged ≥18 years) new users of a GLP-1 RA who had type 2 diabetes mellitus and ≥6 months enrollment in the database before GLP-1 RA initiation (start of follow-up) were included...

INTRODUCTION: The real-world SPARTA Japan study confirmed the effectiveness and safety of the fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine 100 U/mL plus lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) once daily over 6 months in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This post hoc analysis examined the impact of participant characteristics on the achievement of age-defined glycaemic targets with iGlarLixi therapy. METHODS: The retrospective, observational SPARTA Japan study included adults with T2D who initiated iGlarLixi...

INTRODUCTION: The effectiveness and safety of long-acting insulin glargine U300 (Gla-300), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requiring insulin, has not been reported in the Gulf region. METHODS: Insulin-naïve patients with T2DM, uncontrolled on OADs, and prescribed Gla-300 were followed up in a 12-month prospective observational study. Gla-300 was titrated to glycemic targets. The primary endpoint (achieving glycemic targets) was evaluated at month 6 of treatment...

Based on self-report in the GRADE diabetes study, cumulative incidence of retinopathy was low over 5 years (3.7 %; 184 of 4098 participants) and did not differ among the 4 treatment groups (glargine 4.0 %, glimepiride 3.2 %, liraglutide 3.7 %, sitagliptin 3.8 %). There were no differences in retinopathy with specific therapies in GRADE. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01794143.

Streptozotocin (STZ) is used as a diabetes-inducing agent in experimental animal studies. However, it is known that STZ-induced diabetic animals show significant increases in oxidative stress parameters and neurodegeneration besides their blood glucose level. In this study, the acute and subacute toxic effects of STZ on the liver, sciatic nerve, and brain tissues were investigated in vivo rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups; while 50 mg/kg STZ was administered ip to the STZ group, only saline was administered to the control group...

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. The effects of glucose-lowering medications on cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes and low cardiovascular risk are unclear. We investigated cardiovascular outcomes by treatment group in participants randomly assigned to insulin glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin, added to baseline metformin, in GRADE (Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study)...

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome is characterized as the co-occurrence of interrelated cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Once weekly tirzepatide is approved in the US and EU for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. In the SURPASS clinical trial program for T2D, tirzepatide demonstrated greater improvements in glycemic control, body weight reduction and other cardiometabolic risk factors versus placebo, subcutaneous semaglutide 1 mg, insulin degludec, and insulin glargine...

This study aims to compare the potential of Polyethylene glycol (PEG-free and PEG-based self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) for the oral administration of insulin glargine (IG). Hydrophobic ion pairs (HIPs) of IG are formed using various counterions. HIPs are assessed for log P octanol/water and dissociation behavior. They are incorporated into SEDDS based on polyglycerol (PG) and zwitterionic surfactant (ZW) using response surface methodology and compared to conventional PEG-SEDDS in size, stability, and log D SEDDS/release medium ...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic medication with increased side effects of weight gain, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Here we describe a case of diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient who started taking olanzapine 12 weeks before she presented. CASE REPORT: A 73-year-old African-American female presented with a 1-week history of confusion, polyuria, and polydipsia. Her past medical history included type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and severe depression with psychotic features...

AIMS: To assess the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide versus insulin glargine in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by baseline body mass index (BMI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants with T2D from the Phase 3 SURPASS-AP-Combo trial (NCT04093752) were categorized into three BMI subgroups (normal weight [<25 kg/m2 ], overweight [≥25 and <30 kg/m2 ], and obese [≥30 kg/m2 ]) according to World Health Organization criteria...

AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of saxagliptin/dapagliflozin and insulin glargine in people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). METHODS: In this phase 2b multicentre, open-label, comparator-controlled, parallel-group, non-inferiority study, we randomly assigned 33 people with LADA who had a fasting C-peptide concentration ≥0.2 nmol/L (0.6 ng/mL) to receive 1-year daily treatment with either the combination of saxagliptin (5 mg) plus dapagliflozin (10 mg) or insulin glargine (starting dose: 10 IU), both on top of metformin...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the individual and joint associations of baseline factors with glycemia, and also with differential effectiveness of medications added to metformin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE) participants (with type 2 diabetes diagnosed for <10 years, on metformin, and with HbA1c 6.8-8.5%; N = 5,047) were randomly assigned to a basal insulin (glargine), sulfonylurea (glimepiride), glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist (liraglutide), or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (sitagliptin)...

AIMS: We aimed to compare the effectiveness of Glargine plus Glulisine to premixed insulin analogue, as measured by HbA1c ≤ 7.0% in insulin naive Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) patients with elevated fasting and/or postprandial plasma glucose. METHODS: Insulin-naive T2D patients (116 men, 84 women) on ≥ 2 oral hypoglycemic agents with inadequate glycemic control were randomized either to group 1 (insulin Glargine plus Glulisine, n = 101) or group 2 (Premixed Insulin analogue, n = 99)...

AIM/INTRODUCTION: Insulin glargine U100/lixisenatide and insulin degludec/liraglutide are fixed-ratio combinations containing basal insulin and a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist capable of reducing both fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels with a single formulation. This study aimed to compare the time in range (TIR) and the time below range (TBR) level 1 using professional continuous glucose monitoring and to establish criteria for the differential use of the fixed-ratio combinations...

Background: Diabetes mellitus has become increasingly prevalent and a considerable health risk in the United States. Early introduction of insulin can improve overall health outcomes of patients with diabetes. With the development of long-acting insulin analogs, such as insulin glargine, limitations such as variable absorption and hypoglycemia were reduced. Majority of reported adverse drug effects secondary to insulin glargine include injection site reaction and hypoglycemia. There is limited data on gastrointestinal adverse effects, including nausea, of insulin glargine...

BACKGROUND: Insulin icodec is a novel basal insulin analog with once-weekly subcutaneous administration. We aim to estimate the efficacy and safety of insulin icodec vs long-acting insulin (insulin glargine and degludec) in type II diabetic patients. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which were retrieved by systematically searching PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane through May 29, 2023...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the long-term effects of glucose-lowering medications (insulin glargine U-100, glimepiride, liraglutide, and sitagliptin) when added to metformin on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE) cohort with type 2 diabetes (n = 4,801), HOMA2 was used to estimate insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) and fasting β-cell function (HOMA2-%B) at baseline and 1, 3, and 5 years on treatment...

AIM: The outcomes reduction with an initial glargine intervention (ORIGIN) trial reported that, allocation to insulin glargine-mediated normoglycaemia versus standard care, and to omega 3 fatty acids versus placebo had a neutral effect on cognitive test scores when analysed as continuous variables. Analyses of these scores as standardized categorical variables using a previously validated strategy may yield different results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ORIGIN trial recruited participants with dysglycaemia and additional cardiovascular risk factors from 573 sites in 40 countries...

Peptides with a molecular mass between 2 and 10 kDa that are prohibited in elite sports usually require dedicated sample preparation and mass spectrometric detection that commonly cannot be combined with other (lower molecular mass) substances. In most instances, the physicochemical differences are too significant to allow for a generic analytical procedure. A simplification of established and comparably complex analytical approaches is therefore desirable and has been accomplished in the context of this study...