Cadaver

Knowledge of the superficial radial nerve (SRN) relationship and anatomic variations of the first extensor compartment (1st EC) will contribute to a better outcome of de Quervain tenosynovitis treatment. We dissected 87 embalmed cadaveric wrists to determine the relationship of the SRN, the 1st EC length, distance from the proximal and distal 1st EC borders to radial styloid process (RSP), abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendon slip numbers, and the presence of septum. Our results revealed SRN crossing over the 1st EC in 59...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this anatomical study was to investigate the distribution of a solution administered using the Clavipectoral Fascia Plane Block (CPB) technique in a series of cadaveric models with midshaft clavicular fractures. The study aimed to address the knowledge gap regarding the impact of clavicular fractures on the distribution pattern of the CPB-administered solution. DESIGN: Observational cadaveric study. SETTING: The research was conducted in the laboratory setting of the University of Barcelona, adhering to the institution's ethical guidelines and standards...

BACKGROUND: Sprengel's deformity is a congenital abnormality of the shoulder girdle. Because scapular retraction, such as the Green procedure, is usually performed during childhood to improve esthetics and shoulder function, Sprengel's deformity is rarely found in older patients. CASE PRESENTATION: We presented a unique case of a Japanese female cadaver with Sprengel's deformity at the age of 80 years. Anatomical dissection and radiological imaging revealed musculoskeletal anomalies associated with Sprengel's deformity, including Klippel-Feil syndrome, presence of an omovertebral bone, and absence of the trapezius muscle...

Many different animal species are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, including a few Canidae (domestic dog and raccoon dog). So far, only experimental evidence is available concerning SARS-CoV-2 infections in red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ). This is the first report of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in a sample from a red fox. The RT-qPCR-positive fox was zoo-kept together with another fox and two bears in the Swiss Canton of Zurich. Combined material from a conjunctival and nasal swab collected for canine distemper virus diagnostics tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA with Ct values of 36...

Background and Objectives: This study aims to identify the precise anatomical location and therapeutic mechanisms of the KI1 acupoint (Yongquan) in relation to foot muscles and nerves, known for treating neurological disorders and pain. Materials and Methods: Dissection of six cadavers at Chungnam National University College of Medicine examined KI1's relation to the foot's four-layer structure. Results: The KI1 acupoint was located in the superficial and deep layers of the plantar foot, adjacent to significant nerves like the medial and lateral plantar nerves...

The article introduces neurotrophic keratopathy (NK), a condition resulting from corneal denervation due to various causes of trigeminal nerve dysfunctions. Surgical techniques for corneal neurotization (CN) have evolved, aiming to restore corneal sensitivity. Initially proposed in 1972, modern approaches offer less invasive options. CN can be performed through a direct approach (DCN) directly suturing a sensitive nerve to the affected cornea or indirectly (ICN) through a nerve auto/allograft. Surgical success relies on meticulous donor nerve selection and preparation, often involving multidisciplinary teams...

BACKGROUND: Given that the temporal bone is one of the most complex regions of the human body, cadaveric dissection of this anatomical area represents the first necessary step for the learning and training of the young oto-surgeon in order to perform middle ear surgery, which includes the management of inflammatory pathology, hearing rehabilitation, and also cognitive decline prevention surgery. The primary objective of this study was to identify common mistakes and critical passages during the initial steps of temporal bone dissection, specifically cortical mastoidectomy and posterior tympanotomy...

INTRODUCTION: Multiplanar mesh plating of patella fractures has become more popular in recent years. It was the goal of this study to compare the biomechanical stability of cannulated screw with anterior tension band to multiplanar mesh plating for fixation of transverse patella fractures in cadaver specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight matched pairs of fresh frozen cadaveric knees were obtained and soft tissues dissected leaving the extensor mechanism, joint capsule, and retinaculum intact...

OBJECTIVE: The utilization of digital technologies has experienced a notable surge, particularly in cases where access to cadavers is constrained, within the context of practical neuroanatomy training. This study evaluates augmented reality (AR)- and virtual reality (VR)-based educational models for neuroanatomy education. METHODS: Three-dimensional models were created using advanced photogrammetry. VR- and AR-based educational models were developed by arranging these 3D models to align with the learning objectives of neurosurgery residents and second-year medical students whose cadaveric training was disrupted due to an earthquake in Turkey...

The standard dorsal portals are the most commonly used in wrist arthroscopy. This cadaveric study aims to determine safe zones, by quantitatively describing the neurovascular relationships of the dorsal wrist arthroscopy portals: 1-2, 3-4, midcarpal radial, midcarpal ulnar, 4-5, 6-radial and 6-ulnar. The neurovascular structures of twenty-one fresh frozen human cadaveric upper limbs were exposed, while the aforementioned portals were established with needles through portal sites. The minimum distance between portals and: dorsal carpal branch of radial artery, superficial branch of radial nerve, posterior interosseous nerve and dorsal branch of ulnar nerve, were measured accordingly with a digital caliper, followed by statistical analysis of the data...

BACKGROUND: Relative motion between the residual limb and socket in individuals with transtibial limb loss can lead to substantial consequences that limit mobility. Although assessments of the relative motion between the residual limb and socket have been performed, there remains a substantial gap in understanding the complex mechanics of the residual limb-socket interface during dynamic activities that limits the ability to improve socket design. However, dynamic stereo x-ray (DSX) is an advanced imaging technology that can quantify 3D bone movement and skin deformation inside a socket during dynamic activities...

PURPOSE: The thalamo-mesencephalic (TM) branches of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) supply critical structures. Previous descriptions of these vessels are inconsistent and almost exclusively rely on cadaver studies. We aimed to provide a neuroradiological description of TM vessels in vivo based on routine 3D rotational angiographies (3D-RA). METHODS: We analyzed 3D-RAs of 58 patients with pathologies remote from the PCA. PCA-origins were considered...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of collateral vascularization on surgical cleft palate closure and deformities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Corrosion casting was performed using red-colored acrylic resin in twelve fresh adult cadavers with a normal hard palate. Additionally, white-colored barium sulfate was injected into a fetus with a unilateral complete cleft palate, and layer-by-layer tissue dissection was performed. Both substances were injected into the external carotid arteries...

We have demonstrated in canines that somatic nerve transfer to vesical branches of the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP) can be used for bladder reinnervation after spinal root injury. Yet, the complex anatomy of the IHP hinders the clinical application of this repair strategy. Here, using human cadavers, we clarify the spatial relationships of the vesical branches of the IHP and nearby pelvic ganglia, with the ureteral orifice of the bladder. Forty-four pelvic regions were examined in 30 human cadavers. Gross post-mortem and intra-operative approaches (open anterior abdominal, manual laparoscopic, and robot-assisted) were used...

BACKGROUND: Cadaveric intervertebral discs are often studied for a variety of research questions, and outcomes are interpreted in the in vivo context. Unfortunately, the cadaveric disc does not inherently represent the LIVE condition, such that the disc structure (geometry), composition (T2 relaxation time), and mechanical function (opening pressure, OP) measured in the cadaver do not necessarily represent the in vivo disc. METHODS: We conducted serial evaluations in the Yucatan minipig of disc geometry, T2 relaxation time, and OP to quantify the changes that occur with progressive dissection and used axial loading to restore the in vivo condition...

Thorough knowledge of the anatomical variations of the arterial pattern of the upper limb is of high clinical importance in many medical fields, from surgery to nursery and anesthesiologic practice. During a routine dissection at the Anatomy Department of the Medical University of Plovdiv, a rare variation of the vascular system in the upper limb of a study cadaver was observed. The exhibited variation was the occurrence of a brachioradial artery (BRA) that ran along the main axis of the arm, superficially to the median nerve...

BACKGROUND: As a noninvasive alternative therapy, microfocused ultrasound (MFU) has become a research hotspot in recent years for its potential to enhance skin laxity. While several clinical studies have explored the effects of MFU on improving skin laxity, there is limited literature available on the histological changes resulting from MFU treatments. It has been established that the skin structure and composition of the Bama miniature pigs closely resembles that of humans, including collagen content, type I collagen distribution, and elastin distribution...

OBJECTIVE: The current study explores whether there is a clinically relevant distinction in the measurement of marginal bone loss when comparing high-dose (HD) versus low-dose (LD) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols in small and large acquisition volumes.  Material and Methods: CBCTs of four human cadaveric preparates were taken in HD and LD mode in two different fields of view 8 × 8 cm2 (LV) and 5 × 5 cm2 (SV). In total, 43 sites of 15 teeth were randomly chosen, and marginal bone loss was measured twice in all protocols at 43 sites of 15 teeth by one calibrated investigator...

Fidelity between teaching activities and assessment methods is an important goal of knowledge and performance evaluations in medical education. Ideally, assessment methods provide evidence of learning that reflects the types of knowledge described in the learning objectives of the course. The most reliable assessments involve the same or similar tasks as those used during the instructional components of the course. Our preclinical human anatomy course includes, in addition to traditional lecture and cadaver-based laboratory learning activities, a series of applied human anatomy learning activities intended to emphasize human anatomy as it is encountered in living human individuals...

BACKGROUND: In otosurgical training, cadaveric temporal bones are primarily used to provide a realistic tactile experience. However, using cadaveric temporal bones is challenging due to their limited availability, high cost, and potential for infection. Utilizing current three-dimensional (3D) technologies could overcome the limitations associated with cadaveric bones. This study focused on how a 3D-printed middle ear model can be used in otosurgical training. METHODS: A cadaveric temporal bone was imaged using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) to generate a 3D model of the middle ear...