Colorectal polyps

Serrated epithelial change (SEC) in inflammatory bowel disease is most often defined as hyperplastic polyp-like mucosal change detected on random biopsies. Although SEC has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of synchronous and/or metachronous colorectal neoplasia, it remains unknown if SEC represents a form of dysplastic lesion despite the lack of morphologic evidence of dysplasia. Since the risk of colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis (UC) is positively correlated with increased histologic inflammation, this study investigated if increased colonic inflammation is an independent risk factor for SEC...

Colonoscopy is the gold standard for the screening and diagnosis of colorectal cancer, resulting in a decrease in the incidence and mortality of colon cancer. However, it has a 21% rate of missed polyps. Several strategies have been devised to increase polyp detection rates and improve their characterization and delimitation. These include chromoendoscopy (CE), the use of other devices such as Endo cuffs, and major advances in endoscopic equipment [high definition, magnification, narrow band imaging, i-scan, flexible spectral imaging color enhancement, texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI), etc...

BACKGROUND: Lipid metabolism reprogramming is suspected to exist in pre-cancerous lesions, including colorectal adenoma. Screening colonoscopy frequently reveals chicken skin mucosa (CSM; white or yellow-white speckled mucosa) surrounding colorectal polyps, caused by macrophages engulfing and accumulating the lipids decomposed by colon cells or adjacent tumors. CSM-positive colorectal polyps are associated with various diseases; however, their prognosis varies greatly. Cold snare polypectomy is commonly used to resect lesions up to 10 to 15 mm in diameter without signs of submucosal invasion but is controversial for CSM-positive colorectal polyps...

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal tubular adenomas displaying clear cell change are rare entities, with unknown clinical relevance, prognosis, immunohistochemical, and molecular features. CASE PRESENTATION: Hereby we report a case of a 43-year-old female patient with a rectosigmoid polyp. Histologically, conventional dysplasia was visible with scattered areas displaying clear cell change. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out and revealed high tumour mutation burden, and 7 pathogenic mutations, including TP53, APC, FGFR4, EHBP1, IL4R, TYR, and ACTN3...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the U.S., and early detection and diagnosis are essential for effective treatment. Current methods are inadequate for rapid detection of early disease, revealing flat lesions, and delineating tumor margins with accuracy and molecular specificity. Fluorescence endoscopy can generate wide field-of-view images enabling detection of CRC lesions and margins; increased signal intensity and improved signal-to-noise ratios can increase both speed and sensitivity of cancer detection...

BACKGROUND: Cancer cachexia is a life-threatening, inflammation-driven wasting syndrome that remains untreatable. Adiponectin, the most abundant adipokine, plays an important role in several metabolic processes as well as in inflammation modulation. Our aim was to test whether administration of AdipoRon (AR), a synthetic agonist of the adiponectin receptors, prevents the development of cancer cachexia and its related muscle atrophy. METHODS: The effect of AR on cancer cachexia was investigated in two distinct murine models of colorectal cancer...

OBJECTIVE: Whether varying degrees of glycaemic control impact colonic neoplasm risk in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) remains uncertain. DESIGN: Patients with newly diagnosed DM were retrieved from 2005 to 2013. Optimal glycaemic control at baseline was defined as mean haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)<7%. Outcomes of interest included colorectal cancer (CRC) and colonic adenoma development. We used propensity score (PS) matching with competing risk models to estimate subdistribution HRs (SHRs)...

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that reduces colorectal cancer incidence and mortality but requires adequate bowel cleansing for high-quality examination. Past studies have suggested cirrhosis as a risk factor for worse bowel preparation. METHODS: We carried out a match-controlled retrospective study evaluating patients with and without cirrhosis who underwent outpatient screening colonoscopies to assess the effect of cirrhosis and portal hypertension complications on preparation quality and endoscopic measures...

PURPOSE: Patients with germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in APC develop tens (attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis [AFAP]) to innumerable (classic FAP) adenomatous polyps in their colon and are at significantly increased lifetime risk of colorectal cancer. Up to 10% of FAP and up to 50% of patients with AFAP who have undergone DNA-only multigene panel testing (MGPT) do not have an identified PV in APC . We seek to demonstrate how the addition of RNA sequencing run concurrently with DNA can improve detection of germline PVs in individuals with a clinical presentation of AFAP/FAP...

AIM: This study aimed to demonstrate that using a self-regulated learning (SRL) approach can improve colonoscopy performance skills. BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is the gold standard for detecting colorectal cancer and removing its precursors: polyps. Acquiring proficiency in colonoscopy is challenging, requiring completion of several hundred procedures. SRL seems to be beneficial to help trainees acquire competencies in regulating their future learning processes and enhance the outcomes of current learning situations...

BACKGROUND: Polyp detection and localization are essential tasks for colonoscopy. U-shape network based convolutional neural networks have achieved remarkable segmentation performance for biomedical images, but lack of long-range dependencies modeling limits their receptive fields. PURPOSE: Our goal was to develop and test a novel architecture for polyp segmentation, which takes advantage of learning local information with long-range dependencies modeling...

Environmental factors like the pathogenicity island polyketide synthase positive (pks+) Escherichia coli (E. coli) could have potential for risk stratification in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. The association between pks+ E. coli measured in fecal immunochemical test (FIT) samples and the detection of advanced neoplasia (AN) at colonoscopy was investigated. Biobanked FIT samples were analyzed for both presence of E. coli and pks+ E. coli and correlated with colonoscopy findings; 5020 CRC screening participants were included...

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been found to assist in optical differentiation of hyperplastic and adenomatous colorectal polyps. We investigated whether AI can improve the accuracy of endoscopists' optical diagnosis of polyps with advanced features. We introduced our AI system distinguishing polyps with advanced features with more than 0.870 of accuracy in the internal and external validation datasets. All 19 endoscopists with different levels showed significantly lower diagnostic accuracy (0.410-0.580) than the AI...

Optimizing the adenoma detection rate (ADR) is a major goal in colorectal cancer (CCR) screening, as it has long been established that ADR is inversely proportional to the risk of post-colonoscopy CRC occurrence. To achieve this goal, many optimization devices have been developed, and numerous randomized controlled trials have been conducted to evaluate the benefits of these devices compared with a "standard arm," which corresponds to date to high-definition white light (HD-WLI) colonoscopy. Numerous studies have confirmed the positive impact of various optimization devices, such as caps, computer-aided detection, and contrast-enhanced technologies...

Background and study aims This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sessile serrated lesion (SSL) size and the comorbidity rate of SSL with dysplasia (SSLD) and cancer in SSL (SSL-cancer). Patients and methods This retrospective, single-center analysis identified SSL cases that underwent endoscopic resection between January 2015 and December 2022. The prevalence of SSL, SSLD, and SSL-cancer and their annual trends were assessed. The tumor diameter was stratified as 0 to 5 mm, 6 to 9 mm, 10 to 19 mm, and ≥ 20 mm in size...

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/2805607.].

Fecal calprotectin (FC) has been largely recognized as a surrogate marker of intestinal neutrophilic inflammation, very reliable in distinguishing between inflammatory bowel diseases and functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Aging has been suggested to influence FC results and their diagnostic accuracy; however, no studies are specifically targeted on this focus. In a retrospective study, we evaluated the eventual age-differences of the diagnostic accuracy of FC in discriminating between organic-inflammatory GI diseases and functional GI disorders...

POT1 (Protection of Telomeres 1) is a key component of the six-membered shelterin complex that plays a critical role in telomere protection and length regulation. Germline variants in the POT1 gene have been implicated in predisposition to cancer, primarily to melanoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We report the identification of POT1 p.(I78T), previously ranked with conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity, as a founder pathogenic variant among Ashkenazi Jews (AJs) and describe its unique clinical landscape...

Polyp detection is a challenging task in the diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer (CRC), and it demands clinical expertise due to the diverse nature of polyps. The recent years have witnessed the development of automated polyp detection systems to assist the experts in early diagnosis, considerably reducing the time consumption and diagnostic errors. In automated CRC diagnosis, polyp segmentation is an important step which is carried out with deep learning segmentation models. Recently, Vision Transformers (ViT) are slowly replacing these models due to their ability to capture long range dependencies among image patches...

This case report describes a case of a patient with MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP), who presented with multiple sebaceomas in a Muir-Torre-like phenotype. MAP is caused by mutations in MUTYH, a base excision repair gene responsible for detecting and repairing the 8-oxo-G:A transversion caused by reactive oxygen species. MAP is associated with an increased risk of developing adenomatous polyps and colorectal cancer. Muir-Torre syndrome is a clinical phenotype of Lynch syndrome, which presents with multiple cutaneous sebaceous neoplasms...