Liver

As a nutritious plant with valuable potential, the Moringa oleifera Lam. (MOL) leaf addition on Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) for the co-fermentation (MOL-FBT) was an industry innovation and a new route to make full use of MOL leaf. After optimization of the extraction conditions, the best conditions for the polyphenols extraction method from MOL-FBT (MFP) were 60°C for 40 min (1:80, V/W) using response surface methodology. A total of 30 phenolics were identified and quantified. Most of the polyphenols were increased after adding MOL leaf for co-fermentation compared to FBT polyphenols...

Globally, hepatic cancer ranks fourth in terms of cancer-related mortality and is the sixth most frequent kind of cancer. Around 80% of liver cancers are hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), which are the leading cause of cancer death. It is well known that HCC may develop resistance to the available chemotherapy treatments very fast. One of the biggest obstacles in providing cancer patients with appropriate care is drug resistance. According to reports, more than 90% of cancer-specific fatalities are caused by treatment resistance...

We report a case of term neonate presenting with purulent and foul-smelling discharge from the umbilicus, later investigated to have multiple non-drainable, sterile liver micro-abscesses. Conservative management was continued with intravenous antibiotics, after completion of a total of six weeks of antibiotics, all liver abscesses resolved and the baby was discharged.

Liver abscess causing and presenting as acute liver failure is rare; it does not result in hepatitis as it causes focal hepatic necrosis. With drainage of pus, recovery is the rule. However, a child having multiple abscesses may present with acute fulminant liver failure.

Pien Tze Huang (PZH), a class I nationally protected traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used to treat liver diseases such as hepatitis; however, the effect of PZH on the progression of sepsis is unknown. Here, we reported that PZH attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis in mice and reduced LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages by inhibiting the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling. Mechanistically, PZH stimulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation to induce the expression of A20, which could inhibit the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signalling...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignant liver tumor and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway is a highly conserved pathway involved in several biological processes, including the improper regulation that leads to the tumorigenesis and progression of cancer. New studies have found that abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway is a major cause of HCC tumorigenesis, progression, and resistance to therapy...

The Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway is a major regulator of the cytoprotective response, participating in endogenous and exogenous stress caused by ROS (reactive oxygen species). Nrf2 is the core of this pathway. We summarized the literature on Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and summarized the following three aspects: structure, function pathway, and cancer and clinical application status. This signaling pathway is similar to a double-edged sword: on the one hand, Nrf2 activity can protect cells from oxidative and electrophilic stress; on the other hand, increasing Nrf2 activity can enhance the survival and proliferation of cancer cells...

Acute viral hepatitis E (HEV) is the most common form of acute viral hepatitis in India. It is associated with self-limiting disease in most cases. However, the chronic form of HEV is also being increasingly recognized. Other viral infections like the hepatitis A virus (HAV) have been implicated in inciting autoimmune hepatitis. HEV infection has been associated with the formation of circulating liver-directed autoantibodies, however autoimmune liver disease following acute HEV infection has been rarely reported...

Thalassemia is known to induce extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), which is a compensatory mechanism in which the body forms blood cells outside the bone marrow. While EMH typically affects organs such as the spleen and liver, there are rare instances where it leads to spinal cord compression (SCC) in the epidural space. A 31-year-old male patient with transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia presented with numbness and bilateral limb weakness due to EMH. Neurological examination revealed increased tone in both legs, reduced power, loss of crude touch and pain sensation, and increased deep tendon reflexes...

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, an autosomal co-dominant inherited condition, significantly impacts lung and liver functions, with mutations in the SERPINA1 gene, notably the Z allele, playing a pivotal role in disease susceptibility. This retrospective descriptive study from a rural Eastern Kentucky pulmonary clinic aimed to characterize patients with AAT deficiency, focusing on demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters extracted from electronic health records (EHR) of Appalachian Regional Healthcare (ARH)...

We report the rare case of an 80-year-old man with hepatocellular carcinoma that ruptured in the gallbladder, causing a cystic artery pseudoaneurysm and hemobilia. Emergency transarterial embolization (TAE) successfully controlled the bleeding without causing ischemic cholecystitis. Cone-beam computed tomography angiography was useful in identifying the bleeding branch of the selectively embolized cystic artery. Although the patient had poor liver function (Child-Pugh class C) before TAE, it remarkably improved after embolization due to the resolution of coagulopathy and obstructive jaundice caused by hemobilia...

INTRODUCTION: Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a rare cause of chronic or acute gastrointestinal bleeding. This condition accounts for ∼4% of upper gastrointestinal bleeding cases. This disease is often associated with systemic diseases, such as liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney failure, autoimmune conditions, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and cardiovascular diseases. However, its etiopathogenesis remains controversial. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of GAVE treated at our digestive surgery unit...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the correlation of fibrosis severity in liver biopsies, the gold standard for the diagnosis of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), using noninvasive methods such as the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included patients who were followed and treated for CHB in 2018-2023. Biochemical markers and liver biopsy findings of the cases were retrospectively, and their correlations with APRI and FIB-4, which are noninvasive scores, were compared...

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. HBV-infected patients are at a lifetime risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Today, pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) and nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) are used in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Both treatment options have limitations. Despite effective viral suppression, NAs have little effect on covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), the stable episomal form of the HBV genome in hepatocytes...

IMPORTANCE: Hepatocellular carcinoma accounts for approximately 80% of liver neoplasms. Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma ranks as the third most lethal cancer, with the number of deaths expected to further increase by 2040. In adults, disparities in incidence and survival are well described while pediatric epidemiology is not well characterized. OBJECTIVE: To describe incidence and survival for pediatric (ages 0-19 years) hepatocellular carcinoma cases and compare these measures to adults (ages ≥20 years) diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma...

Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are crucial effector enzymes that transduce divergent signals from upstream receptor pathways and are responsible for catalyzing the conversion of ATP to cAMP. The ten AC isoforms are categorized into four main groups; the class III or calcium-inhibited family of ACs comprises AC5 and AC6. These enzymes are very closely related in structure and have a paucity of selective activators or inhibitors, making it difficult to distinguish them experimentally. AC5 and AC6 are highly expressed in the heart and vasculature, as well as the spinal cord and brain; AC6 is also abundant in the lungs, kidney, and liver...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential risk of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by the CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6is abemaciclib, ribociclib, and palbociclib by comprehensively analyzing the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Moreover, potential toxicological mechanisms of CDK4/6is-related liver injury were explored via drug-gene network analysis. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we collected reports of DILI associated with CDK4/6i use from the FAERS dated January 2014 to March 2023...

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the effects of acupuncture on endogenous metabolites in the liver of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice-based metabolomics. METHODS: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis and univariate analysis were used to analyze the changes of endogenous metabolites in the liver of mice in each group and to provide new clinical ideas for acupuncture in the treatment of glycolipid metabolism disorders caused by T2DM and NAFLD...

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the reliability of ChatGPT's answers to medical questions, including those sourced from patients and guide recommendations. The focus was on evaluating ChatGPT's accuracy in responding to various types of infectious disease questions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted using 200 questions sourced from social media, experts, and guidelines related to various infectious diseases like urinary tract infection, pneumonia, HIV, various types of hepatitis, COVID-19, skin infections, and tuberculosis...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the predictors for significant hepatic abnormality (SHA), a treatment indication, by assessing demographic, laboratory, and radiological results of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who underwent liver biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, individuals with untreated hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg)-negative CHB infection were enrolled. Multivariate analysis modeling was conducted with parameters identified as predictors for SHA in univariate analysis...