Obesity pediatrics

Carbohydrate restriction is increasingly popular as a weight loss strategy and for achieving better glycemic control in people with diabetes, including type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, evidence to support low-carbohydrate diets in youth (children and adolescents 2-18 years of age) with obesity or diabetes is limited. There are no guidelines for restricting dietary carbohydrate consumption to reduce risk for diabetes or improve diabetes outcomes in youth. Thus, there is a need to provide practical recommendations for pediatricians regarding the use of low-carbohydrate diets in patients who elect to follow these diets, including those with type 1 diabetes and for patients with obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes...

BACKGROUND: Abdominal obesity is an important cardiovascular risk factor. Plasma fatty acids display a complex network of both pro and antiatherogenic effects. High density lipoproteins (HDL) carry out the antiatherogenic pathway called reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), which involves cellular cholesterol efflux (CCE), and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activities. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to characterize RCT and its relation to fatty acids present in plasma in pediatric abdominal obesity...

Childhood obesity is related to cardiac structural and functional changes, increasing the risk of heart disease. Sixty normotensive children were assigned based on body mass index (BMI) into normal weight, overweight, and obese groups and examined by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE). Weight ( P = .001) and BMI ( P = .001) differed significantly among the 3 groups. Left ventricular (LV) strain ( P = .001) and strain rate ( P = .002) in overweight and obese children ( P = .001) were significantly lower compared to normal weight group...

OBJECTIVE:  This study aimed to assess the association between neonatal antibiotic exposure and the risk of childhood obesity. STUDY DESIGN:  This retrospective cohort study enrolled neonates born between 2011 and 2015 and followed up until 5 years. The incidence of obesity at 5 years old, and other characteristics were compared between the antibiotic-exposed and unexposed groups. Chi-square test was conducted on categorical variables and Student's t -test for normally distributed continuous variable...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risks of self-feeding, transition to early solid food and family meals, choking risk, anemia risk and obesity risk in 6-12-month-old infants who were introduced to complementary feeding using the traditional complementary feeding (TCF) and baby-led weaning (BLW) methods/training. DESIGN AND METHODS: Mothers of infants who had not yet transitioned to complementary feeding were included in this randomized study. The mothers of 62 infants included in the study were randomized into the intervention groups as TCF and BLW, classified according to the number of children and education level...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1151797.].

BACKGROUND: Misperceptions about obesity is common among adolescents. Adolescents who overestimate their body size tend to indulge in extreme weight control behaviors. However, little is known about the factors involved in the adoption of extreme weight control behavior (EWCB) by non-obese adolescents who are mistaken for being overweight. This study identified factors associated with unhealthy behaviors among normal/underweight high school students who overestimate their body image and attempt to lose weight...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) have released their first comprehensive clinical practice guideline that outlines evidence-based evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. This article reviews the same, along with implication in our setting and the need for updating our guideline, which is almost two decades old.

BACKGROUND: Fundamental motor skills (FMS) are considered essential for sport participation and might be deficit in obese children. While evidence indicates that physical activity (PA) levels impact motor skill development, the relationship between body composition, PA, and motor competence, particularly in early childhood, is not thoroughly understood. We aimed to determine if PA, fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) are predictors of FMS. METHODS: Preschoolers (n = 47) from two preschools were assessed for FMS, PA, and body composition...

BACKGROUND: Recent statistical approaches have allowed consideration of the integrated relationships between sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) with different health outcomes. The present paper aimed to systematically review the literature and synthesize evidence about associations between hypothetical reallocations from SB to different PA intensities and cardiovascular risk factors in youth. METHODS: A systematic search of 8 databases was performed...

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity is a multifactorial disease. Most of these factors start to develop before birth and worsen throughout life. Therefore, prevention efforts should begin in the first 1000 days of life. This study aimed to quantify published studies on risk factors according to the Six-Cs model of childhood obesity (cell, child, clan, culture, community, and country) and determine which of them have been related to anthropometric indicators of overweight or obesity in children under 2 years of age in Mexico...

Respiratory tract infections (RTI) represent a frequent condition, particularly among preschool children, with an important burden on the affected children and their families. It has been estimated that recurrent RTIs affect up to 25% of children during the first 4 years of life. These infections are mainly caused by viruses and are generally self-limiting. Social and environmental factors have been studied in determining the incidence of recurrent RTIs and the mostly recognized are precocious day care attendance, tobacco exposure and pollution...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: An increasing number of children with diverse medical conditions are using long-term noninvasive ventilation (NIV). This study examined the impact of demographic, clinical, and technology-related factors on long-term NIV adverse events in a large cohort of children using long-term NIV. METHODS: This was a multicenter retrospective review of all children who initiated long-term NIV in the province of Alberta, Canada, from January 2005 to September 2014, and followed until December 2015...

BACKGROUND: Parents from urban, lower social economic classes often encounter unique challenges in their lives, which shape how they work with their children who are overweight or obese to change their exercise and eating behaviors at home. The present study took an initial step to address a gap in the literature by describing the challenges that parents from lower social economic classes in an urban city encountered in changing exercise and eating behaviors of their children who are overweight or obese...

BACKGROUND: Body composition between prepubertal children and adolescents varies, and it is unclear how physical activity and sedentary behaviour affect adolescent body composition. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the associations of physical activity and screen time with overall and specific fat depots in the general adolescent population. METHODS: In a population-based prospective cohort study, among 3258 adolescents aged 13 years, physical activity and screen time were assessed via self-report questionnaires...

BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic disparities in musculoskeletal care are increasingly recognized, however, no studies to date have investigated the role of the insurance carrier on outcomes after posterior spinal fusion (PSF) with segmental spinal instrumentation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). METHODS: A US insurance dataset was queried using the PearlDiver Mariner software for all patients aged 10 to 18 undergoing PSF for a primary diagnosis of AIS between 2010 and 2020...

Nonspecific low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common causes of disability, affecting all individuals at least once in their lifetime. Such a condition is also becoming increasingly frequent in the pediatric population, especially in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity. Furthermore, new-onset LBP during adolescence has been demonstrated to be a strong predictor of developing LBP later in life, contributing to poorer outcomes and increasing social and medical costs. Several causes and different mechanisms have been considered for the development of LBP in pediatric individuals affected by obesity...