Obesity pediatrics

PURPOSE: This study investigates the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of positional obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) among pediatric patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1,236 children aged 0 to 17 years who underwent nocturnal polysomnography (PSG) and completed the Sleep Questionnaire were included. After excluding those with an AHI <1, neurological or muscular disorders, or insufficient sleep time in specific positions, 908 patients remained: 158 with POSA and 750 with non-positional OSA (NPOSA)...

BACKGROUND: Periodical BMI measurement during visits with primary care pediatricians (PCP) can be central to diagnosing, managing, and treating overweight/obesity. The aim was to evaluate among children and adolescents with similar BMI percentiles, whether recording a formal diagnosis by PCP, of overweight/obesity is associated with improved performance rates of obesity-related care. METHODS: The electronic database of the largest health maintenance organization in Israel was searched for all patients aged 2-18 years with BMI recorded at a visit with the PCP during 2017-2023...

Patients with a single ventricle heart who had Fontan palliation (S/P Fontan) are at increased risk for acquired morbidity. Insulin resistance (IR) is a predictor of cardiac morbidity and mortality. A single-center, cross-sectional study using S/P Fontan and controls was designed to assess IR S/P Fontan. Group comparisons were made in IR via the Quantitative Insulin Index (QUICKI) and the natural log-transformed homeostasis model assessment, ln (HOMA-IR), without/with adjusting for age. A total of 89 patients (59 Fontan and 30 controls) were included...

BACKGROUND: Maternal preconception and pregnancy exposures have been linked to offspring adiposity. We aimed to quantify the effect of changes in maternal weight and smoking status between pregnancies on childhood overweight/obesity (≥ 85th centile) and obesity (≥ 95th centile) rates in second children. METHODS: Records for 5612 women were drawn from a population-based cohort of routinely collected antenatal healthcare records (2003-2014) linked to measured child body mass index (BMI) age 4-5 years...

OBJECTIVE: To assess 1) the association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in pediatric obesity and youth-onset type 2 diabetes, 2) the joint effect of MASLD and intermediate hyperglycemia on type 2 diabetes risk, and 3) the effect of obesity treatment on type 2 diabetes risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A cohort study using the Swedish Childhood Obesity Treatment Register (Barnobesitas Registret i Sverige [BORIS]) (1999-2020) linked with national registers was conducted...

BACKGROUND: Obesity in the pediatric population has been a growing medical concern over the last few decades with a prevalence of 19.7% as of 2017-2020. Obesity is a risk factor for greater scoliotic curves and failure of conservative therapy for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Establishing a correlation between obesity and a wide variety of adverse outcomes following scoliosis surgery can assist in the preoperative consultation with the family and proper optimization of the patient for scoliosis fusion surgery...

UNLABELLED: This study aims to examine the association between different versions of a provegetarian food pattern and micronutrient adequacy in a population of children from the SENDO Project. Children aged 4-5 years old were recruited and baseline information on diet, lifestyle and socio-demographic characteristics was collected through self-administered online questionnaires completed by their parents. Scores were calculated for overall, healthful, and unhealthful provegetarian food patterns (FP) using an a priori approach...

BACKGROUND: Primary hypertension (HTN) in children is on the rise and linked to the childhood obesity epidemic. Recent studies support the role of hyperuricemia in the pathogenesis of HTN. With this study we intend to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) and uric acid levels on daily blood pressure (BP) parameters/phenotypes and target organ damage (TOD). METHODS: A mean ambulatory systolic and/or diastolic BP ≥ 95th percentile or above the adolescent cut points was defined as 'HTN'...

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity represents a major public health issue worldwide. Evidence showed the need to implement prevention strategies mainly focused on lifestyle habits. Sleep hygiene is a variable of great interest and this review systematically examined the effects of sleep duration in increasing childhood obesity risk. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted from December 2023 to February 2024. Study selection and data extraction procedures were performed in accordance with Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Guidelines and Statement, and risk of publication bias was assessed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies...

BACKGROUND: Macrosomia (birthweight ≥4 kg) may alter the associations of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) throughout childhood with later cardiometabolic risk. OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations of PA and ST over a 4-6-year follow-up period with cardiometabolic outcomes in preteens (9-11-year-olds) who were born to mothers with previous macrosomic delivery. METHODS: This is an analysis of 402 preteens from the ROLO study, who were born to mothers that previously delivered an infant with macrosomia...

BACKGROUND: Pelvic osteotomies are surgical procedures that are commonly performed in adolescents and young adults to improve stability or correct various deformities. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), are dreaded complications of any major procedure including pelvic osteotomies. Unlike adults, the incidence of DVT and need for prophylactic measures are not well understood in the adolescents. The purpose of this study is to understand the need for VTE prophylaxis in adolescents and determine if their risk profile aligns with adults, who have more established VTE prophylactic guidelines in place for these surgeries...

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the literature on bariatric surgery for managing pediatric obesity, including intervention effects to improve patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), cardiometabolic risk factors, anthropometry, and assess adverse events (AEs). METHODS: Eligible studies were published between January 2012 and January 2022 and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational (controlled and uncontrolled) studies before and after surgery with a mean age <18 years old...

Childhood obesity is widely recognized as a risk factor for numerous health conditions, particularly cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether childhood adiposity directly affects the risk of COVID-19 in later life. We aimed to investigate the causal effects of early life adiposity on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. We used genetic instruments from large-scale genome-wide association studies to examine the relationships between birth weight, childhood and adulthood adiposity indicators (including body mass index [BMI], obesity, and body size), and COVID-19 outcomes...

Obesity is associated with mild chronic inflammation, frequently observed along with increased platelet and white blood cell (WBC) levels in adults. We aimed to clarify the relationship between peripheral blood cell count, body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), and adipocytokine levels in obese adolescents. Participants included 31 patients with obesity (age: 13.1 ± 3.1 yr) and 28 normal-weight controls (age: 13.3 ± 1.9 yr). Obesity was defined as a percentage of overweight ≥ 20%; patients with type 2 diabetes were excluded...

OBJECTIVE: It is necessary to facilitate the implementation of evidence-based practice in clinical practice to improve patients' health results. Sumamos Excelencia® is an implementation project led by nurses that aims to improve the evidence-based practice uptake. Building on the first edition, we have improved the project design and proposed new intervention topics. The objective is to evaluate the effects of the implementation of evidence-based recommendations through a multifaceted implementation strategy...

AIM/INTRODUCTION: The relationship between nutritional status upon admission to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and clinical outcomes remains unclear. We examined the relationship between nutrition status, as indicated by body mass index-for-age (BMI-for-age), and clinical outcomes in the PICU. METHOD: In this retrospective study at a tertiary care center, records of 1,015 critically ill children and adolescents aged one month to 18 years old with available anthropometric parameters were included...

BACKGROUND: Eating while watching TV was found associated with unhealthy food preferences and obesity in adolescents in foreign studies, which is not clear in China. The study aims to explore the influence of eating while watching TV on food preferences and overweight/obesity in Chinese adolescents. METHODS: Data from 1768 adolescents (aged 12-17 years) in the 2006, 2009, 2011, and 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) was analyzed. The height and weight were measured...

BACKGROUND: Considering the previous research that suggested that screen time (ST), sleep duration, physical activity (PA), obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors are related, it is essential to identify how these variables are associated over time, to provide knowledge for the development of intervention strategies to promote health in pediatric populations. Also, there is a lack of studies examining these associations longitudinally. The aims of the present study were: (1) to investigate the longitudinal relationships between ST, sleep duration, leisure PA, body mass index (BMI), and cardiometabolic risk score (cMetS) in children and adolescents; and (2) to verify scores and prevalence of cMetS risk zones at baseline and follow-up...

The primary objective of this study was to investigate the associations between sport participation and weight status with physical fitness among French adolescents. The secondary aim was to establish sex- and age-specific physical fitness percentiles for French adolescents. The sample comprised 8084 adolescents (4126 boys, 3958 girls), aged 10-14 years. Participants were tested on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength using the following tests: 20-m shuttle run test and handgrip strength test...

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)-cardiometabolic risk relationship in Latin American pediatric populations across different age/sex groups, especially when considering the potential effects of adiposity on the association. We evaluated cross-sectional associations between VO2max and cardiometabolic risk variables (CMRV), and verified whether the associations were independent of adiposity markers in school-aged children and adolescents from Cali, Colombia...