Obesity pediatrics

IMPORTANCE: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and is increasingly being diagnosed at younger ages, affecting more than one-third of young people with obesity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate associations between perinatal conditions and risk of MASLD and associated progressive liver disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This nationwide, population-based case-control study included all biopsy-confirmed cases of MASLD in Sweden...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pediatric obesity is a growing epidemic. Lifestyle modifications remain central to obesity treatment, however pharmacologic options have gained traction, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA). This review aims to summarize evidence on the use of GLP-1RAs in the management of pediatric obesity, physiological mechanisms of action of GLP-1RAs and their role in appetite regulation and glucose homeostasis and address the challenges and special considerations surrounding GLP-1RA use...

The intricate link between childhood obesity and adult osteoporosis has been a subject of numerous clinical inquiries, yet the genetic underpinnings of this association remain enigmatic. Our research aims to unravel the association between adult osteoporosis and childhood obesity using genome-wide association study data for Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Utilizing a pool of single-nucleotide polymorphism data associated with childhood obesity obtained from a previous genome-wide association study report involving a study population of 13,848 people in Europe, alongside data of adult osteoporosis sourced from Neale Lab (5266 cases and 331,893 controls)...

Obesity in adolescents is a global health concern associated with several diseases and complications in adulthood. Obesity has been reported to be strongly associated with oral habits. To investigate the association between tooth brushing during lunchtime and the prevalence of obesity among adolescents in a nationally representative sample of South Korean adolescents. Data from the 2018-2021 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey were used in this cross-sectional study. Obesity was measured based on the body mass index...

The aim with the present study was to evaluate the effects and tolerability of Family Meals on Prescription, a 3-month intensive dietary intervention with a participatory approach on body mass index (BMI) and metabolic health in children living with obesity. In this prospective randomized controlled trial, children aged 5-15 years were included from the Pediatric Obesity outpatient Clinics in Halland, Sweden. Participants were randomly assigned to receive lifestyle treatment with or without Family Meals on Prescription (FMP) consisting of a subsidized prepacked grocery bag including recipes and provisions for five Family Meals per week for 3 months...

INTRODUCTION: Hydrocolpos, a rare condition characterized by cystic dilatation of the vagina, can arise from various etiologies, including isolated imperforate hymen and vaginal atresia. Genetic conditions, such as Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), may also manifest with hydrocolpos as part of urogenital malformations. METHODS: We present a case of neonatal hydrocolpos associated with BBS. Sequencing of 19 BBS genes was performed to elucidate the genetic basis of the syndrome...

OBJECTIVE: Test the efficacy of a brief 2-hr parenting intervention in increasing protective factors against and reducing risk factors for infant obesity. METHOD: A 2 (Baby Healthy Living Triple P vs. care-as-usual) × 3 (baseline, postintervention, 6-month follow-up) design was used. Eighty-two parents of 4- to 18-month-old infants meeting at least two risk factors for early childhood obesity (e.g., parent/child overweight, low education level) were randomized to intervention (n = 42) or control group (n = 40)...

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-related risk factors in children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of 187 subjects from a private medical clinic were reviewed. Overnight polysomnography recordings and self/parent reports were gathered. Descriptive analysis of sociodemographic, anthropometric, sleep quality and sleep architecture variables and OSA diagnosis were performed. Associations between independent variables and OSA diagnosis were assessed through multivariable logistic regression with robust variance, with a significance level of 5%...

BACKGROUND: Age is a strong prognostic factor in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), with children doing better than adults with the same disease. One hypothesis for this age-based disparity is differences in treatment regimens. Optimizing care for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with ALL has not been well defined and disparities in care exist. We conducted a retrospective study of all veterans with ALL diagnosed between the ages of 18 and 45 since the year 2000 to evaluate disparities among prognostication methods, treatment regimens, and accrual to clinical trials with regard to age and race/ethnicity and how these factors influence overall survival...

Introduction Dengue is an infectious disease that is a burden in Asia-Pacific and Latin America. The COVID-19 pandemic in dengue-endemic areas has caused a "double burden" because of the possibility of coinfection, especially in children who are vulnerable to both COVID-19 and dengue. This study aimed to describe the characteristics and identify risk factors for the severity of the coinfection in Vietnamese children. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study, undertaken at Children's Hospital 1 (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic...

BACKGROUND: To investigate the longitudinal effects of obesity on change in lung function after 1 year of follow-up in obese children and adolescents. METHODS: Obese children/adolescents aged 8-15 years with pulmonary function test (PFT) results and recorded anthropometric obesity indices from 1 year earlier for comparison were recruited. Multiple linear regression of change in each lung function parameter was applied to determine the effect of sex, change in body mass index (ΔBMI), change in chest circumference (ΔCC), change in waist circumference (ΔWC), and change in waist circumference-to-height ratio (ΔWC/Ht)...

UNLABELLED: The Canary Islands inhabitants, a recently admixed population with significant North African genetic influence, has the highest incidence of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) in Spain and one of the highest in Europe. HLA accounts for half of the genetic risk of T1D. AIMS: To characterize the classical HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles in children from Gran Canaria with and without T1D. METHODS: We analyzed classic HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles in childhood-onset T1D patients (n = 309) and control children without T1D (n = 222) from the island of Gran Canaria...

Obesity biases in healthcare are detrimental. We explored medical student beliefs underlying perceptions that child-mother dyads with obesity are less likely to be treatment adherent. Participants viewed scenes of a 12-year-old, female virtual human presenting to a physician with back pain, accompanied by her mother. Patient and mother weight cues were manipulated across scenes. Out of 120, 35 participants perceived dyads with obesity as less adherent to hypothetical pain-related treatment recommendations relative to dyads with healthy weight...

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Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive ciliopathy characterized by diverse multisystem manifestations. This report discusses the unique otorhinolaryngological challenges faced by two pediatric siblings diagnosed with BBS. Case 1 involves a child with a history of chronic snoring, delayed developmental milestones, and a low intelligence quotient (IQ). The patient presented with obesity, retinitis pigmentosa, and a rare bifid epiglottis, adding to the complexity. Adenotonsillectomy was indicated due to chronic adenotonsillitis, but the presence of a grade 4 Mallampati score and restricted mouth opening required meticulous planning by the surgical and anesthesia teams...

BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), particularly semaglutide, have become the leading anti-obesity drugs for adults, and a similar trend may follow in adolescents with its recent approval for this age group. However, there is a lack of comparative analysis on the weight loss effects and safety of GLP-1 RAs in obese or overweight pediatric and adolescent populations, especially those who are non-diabetic. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to provide current evidence on the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 RAs as an anti-obesity treatment in obese or overweight non-diabetic pediatric and adolescent populations...

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the literature on pharmacotherapy for managing paediatric obesity. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with <18-year-olds of pharmacotherapeutic agents published up to November 2022. Estimates of effect for outcomes were presented relative to minimal important differences and GRADE certainty of evidence. We examined data on patient/proxy-reported outcome measures (PROMs), cardiometabolic risk factors, anthropometry and adverse events (AEs)...

BACKGROUND: Elevated liver enzyme levels have been associated with metabolic syndrome in both obese and non-obese pediatric populations. This study aims to compare the serum liver enzyme levels in obese adolescents with and without insulin resistance (IR). METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted involving obese adolescents aged 10-18. We assessed somatometry, serum insulin levels, lipid profiles, and liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT])...

UNLABELLED: The study aimed to investigate the correlation between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and ocular surface parameters in obese prepubertal boys. Thirty obese prepubertal boys and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent physical measurements, laboratory tests, and ocular surface assessments. The obese group showed lower IGF-1 levels (P = 0.001), reduced Schirmer I tear test (SIT) (P <0.001), and higher meibomian gland scores (meiboscore) compared to controls (P = 0...

In the face of the increasingly serious background of overweight and obesity rates among adolescents in China, mindfulness, as an emerging therapeutic approach, has shown its unique effectiveness. This article reviewed the research progress of mindfulness in the intervention of adolescent obesity, summarized its effects on improving physiological and psychological indicators, and listed the different options for implementing mindfulness therapy. These studies supported the preliminary effectiveness of mindfulness in the intervention of adolescent obesity, providing a basis for mindfulness to become a new approach for obesity intervention in the future...