Motor vehicle traffic accident

BACKGROUND: Vision Zero is a strategy to eliminate traffic fatalities and to promote equitable mobility options for all road users. Using a nationally representative survey, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of Vision Zero action plans or strategies in the USA. METHODS: Municipal officials were surveyed in 2021. In this cross-sectional study, we calculated the prevalence of Vision Zero plans or strategies and compared municipalities with adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) to account for region and sociodemographic characteristics...

PURPOSE: To explore the clinical characteristics of pediatric pelvic fracturs caused by traffic accidents and to analyze the accompanying injuries and complications. METHODS: A total of 222 cases involved traffic accidents was enrolled in this case-control study. The data of children with pelvic fractures caused by traffic accidents who were admitted to our hospital from January 2006 to December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Sex, age, Tile classification, abbreviated injury scale score, injury severity score, mortality, and accompanying injuries were studied...

OBJECTIVES: To document the process of linking breathalyzer and motor vehicle crash (MVC) data for the State of Connecticut using a unique identifier in the place of personal and private information. METHODS: Deterministic linkage methodologies were utilized in Microsoft SQL Server to join 5,634 (of 6,650) breathalyzer records to corresponding MVC driver records for the period of January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2022. Differences between the linked and original datasets were documented by comparing the consistency of frequency and proportion distributions of key variables...

Limited data are available in Mexico on the prevalence of alcohol and drug use and the possible differences in their effects on types of road traffic injury (RTI), such as those involving pedestrians, drivers or passengers of motorcycles or other motor vehicles, and the association between substance use and driving behaviors, for preventive purposes. The sample comprised 433 adult RTI patients, admitted to the emergency department (ED) of a public hospital in Mexico City (January to April 2022). Breath Alcohol Concentration (BAC) was measured using a breath tester, and six types of drugs (amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, and methamphetamine) were assessed using a saliva screen test...

Two-wheeled non-motorized vehicles (TNVs) have become the primary mode of transportation for short-distance travel among residents in many underdeveloped cities in China due to their convenience and low cost. However, this trend also brings corresponding risks of traffic accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the driving behavior characteristics of TNVs through their trajectory data in order to provide guidance for traffic safety. Nevertheless, the compact size, agile steering, and high maneuverability of these TNVs pose substantial challenges in acquiring high-precision trajectories...

Children involved in car crashes can experience either direct trauma or inertial injuries resulting from interactions with external objects, such as other vehicles, or with the restraint system. Furthermore, improper use of restraint systems can lead to additional severe injuries. Recent reports from international institutions underscored the persistent prevalence of inadequate restraint systems utilization and this widespread issue increases children's vulnerability and risk of injuries.The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the literature on injuries sustained in children involved in road accidents describing and analyzing elements useful for forensic assessment...

RATIONALE: Extremity injuries resulting from motor vehicle collisions, especially those leading to bone-exposed wounds, present challenges for achieving effective wound coverage. Such injuries are susceptible to complications including infections, osteomyelitis, and unexpected amputations due to inadequate blood supply. Severe traumatic degloving injuries often entail damage to the surrounding blood vessels, making local or free flaps impractical choices in many cases. Consequently, treatment options may vary based on distinct clinical scenarios, with no standardized guidelines available...

PURPOSE: The main objective of this study was to provide a description and classification of lumbosacral spine injuries based on the new AOSpine classification system. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 patients with lumbosacral spine trauma who were admitted to Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital in Hue, Vietnam, between April 2021 and July 2022. All patients underwent lumbosacral computed tomography, and each injured vertebra was classified according to the AOSpine classification system...

Ideally, the evaluation of automated vehicles would involve the careful tracking of individual vehicles and recording of observed crash events. Unfortunately, due to the low frequency of crash events, such data would require many years to acquire, and potentially place the motorized public at risk if defective automated technologies were present. To acquire information on the safety effectiveness of automated vehicles more quickly, this paper uses the collective crash histories of a group of automated vehicles, and applies a duration modeling approach to the accumulated distances between crashes...

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between cannabis and alcohol use and occurrence of motor vehicle collision (MVC) among patients in the emergency department (ED). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of visits to EDs in Denver, CO, Portland, OR, and Sacramento, CA by drivers who were involved in MVCs and presented with injuries (cases) and non-injured drivers (controls) who presented for medical care. We obtained blood samples and measured delta-9-THC and its metabolites...

Exposure-response prevention is an effective approach to treat anxiety disorders. Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is a promising treatment for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). New research has helped refine and update VRET. In this study, we introduce a form of VRET developed for patients suffering from PTSD after a traffic accident, and present two cases treated using this protocol. After 6 weeks of VRET treatment, the two participants not only improved their PTSD symptoms, but also improved their depressed mood, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms...

BACKGROUND: To date, there have been no major studies of alcohol-associated unnatural deaths in Thailand or South East Asia. Thailand leads South East Asia in per capita alcohol consumption. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of alcohol-associated unnatural deaths in Thailand and their relation to post-mortem blood alcohol concentration (BAC); to investigate correlations between BAC and selected demographic variables; and to evaluate the incidence of co-use of alcohol and illicit substances...

BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of curfews imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department visits, orthopedic trauma frequencies, and types of trauma. METHODS: In this single-center, retrospective cohort study, a total of 16,242 patients, including 3,020 trauma patients, were admitted to level 1 trauma center emergency department between April-June 2020 and 2021 (curfew group) and between April-June 2018 and 2019 (control group)...

BACKGROUND: Ocular trauma is the leading cause of unilateral blindness globally. Road traffic accidents are among the top risk factors for ocular trauma. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate factors associated with ocular injuries among adult road traffic accident patients at Mulago Hospital, Uganda. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult road traffic accident patients. History taking and ophthalmological examination were performed on consenting participants...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: License suspensions are a strategy to address alcohol-impaired driving behavior and recidivism following an alcohol driving while impaired (alcohol-DWI) conviction. Little is known about the specific impacts of conviction-related suspensions on safety outcomes and given recent fluctuations in alcohol-impaired driving behavior, crashes, and suspension trends, updated and focused assessments of this intervention are necessary. This study aimed to 1) examine the association between type of recent alcohol-DWI suspension and having a secondary alcohol-related license outcome and/or future crash event in North Carolina (NC) between 2007 and 2016; and 2) assess potential modification of these associations by race/ethnicity...

Motor vehicle crash data linkage has emerged as a vital tool to better understand the injury outcomes and the factors contributing to crashes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore the existing knowledge on data linkage between motor vehicle crashes and hospital-based datasets, summarize and highlight the findings of previous studies, and identify gaps in research. A comprehensive and systematic search of the literature yielded 54 studies for a qualitative analysis, and 35 of which were also considered for a quantitative meta-analysis...

Degloving soft tissue injuries (DSTIs) are injuries usually due to trauma sustained parallel to the body, shearing off skin and soft tissue from the underlying muscle and bone. Most commonly due to workplace and traffic accidents, DSTIs can occur due to a variety of traumas, resulting in a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Treatment is often prolonged and complex, which requires the intervention of a multidisciplinary healthcare team to provide the most optimal outcomes. In this case, we report an 89-year-old male presenting with a lower left leg degloving injury due to a single motor vehicle accident (MVA)...

OBJECTIVE: Between 2010 and 2020, an annual average of more than 70,000 pedestrians were injured in U.S. motor vehicle crashes. Pedestrian fatalities increased steadily over that period, outpacing increases in vehicle occupant fatalities. Strategies for reducing pedestrian injuries include pedestrian crash prevention and improved vehicle design for protection of pedestrians in the crashes that cannot be prevented. This study focuses on understanding trends in injuries sustained in U.S...

Over the past few decades, a growing attention has been directed toward cycling due to its positive impacts on social, economic, and health aspects. Various countries are adopting and implementing strategies to promote cycling as a daily mode of transport. The main objective of this study is to improve cyclists' safety by investigating the impact of different layouts of on-road cycle lanes at two-lane two-way roads on drivers' interactions with cyclists using driving simulator. Three layouts of on-road cycle lanes were tested and compared, namely, uncolored, colored, and island separation, along with a control case where no cycle lane was provided...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate comparative severity analysis of motorized two-wheeler (MTW) crashes based on drivers' liability using police-reported a crash data base. METHODS: Using crash data from 2016 to 2020, this study examines and analyses the key factors affecting the severity of MTW injuries in Dehradun. For analysis, the ordinal logistic approach is used because severity levels are attributed with natural ordering. Differentiating from past studies, this research distinguished between collisions in which MTW crashes were considered as first party (crash in which MTW rider is accountable) and second person (crash in which MTW rider is a victim)...