Review

Human Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection activates a complex interaction host/virus, leading to the reprogramming of the host metabolism aimed at the energy supply for viral replication. Alterations of the host metabolic homeostasis strongly influence the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, forming the basis of a wide range of outcomes, from the asymptomatic infection to the onset of COVID-19 and up to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome, vascular dysfunction, multiple organ failure, and death...

OBJECTIVES: Malignant cell proliferation is one of the important mechanisms of arsenic poisoning. A large number of studies have shown that STAT3 plays an important role in cell malignant proliferation, but there are still many contradictions in the effect of arsenic on JAK2/STAT3. This study aims to explore the role of JAK2/STAT3 in arsenic-induced cell proliferation. METHODS: By taking normal cells as the research object and using Standard Mean Difference (SMD) as the effect size, meta-analysis was used to explore the effect of arsenic on JAK2/STAT3...

BACKGROUNDS: One of the common consumed snacks among Iranian is nuts. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the rate of peanut contamination with aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in different provinces of the Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research studies with keywords "aflatoxin B1", "peanut", "peanut butter", "peanut oil", "coated peanut", "roasted peanut", "snack peanut" were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and scientific information databases (SID), regardless of publication time...

BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) often results in profound hearing loss and cochlear implantation is an emerging hearing rehabilitation option. However, cochlear implant (CI) outcomes in this population vary, and intraoperative monitoring to predict cochlear nerve viability and subsequent outcomes is not well-established. OBJECTIVE: To review the use of intraoperative electrically evoked cochlear nerve monitoring in patients with NF2 simultaneous translabyrinthine (TL) vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection and cochlear implantation...

BACKGROUND: Falls are the leading cause of injury-related deaths in older adults. Physical exercise is a suitable strategy to reduce the risk of falls, but there is little research on the effectiveness of specific exercise modalities. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effectiveness of Pilates compared to habitual or non-exercise on physical performance and the risk of falls in older adults. DATA SOURCES: Five databases were searched through April 15, 2021...

E-wastes comprise complex combinations of potentially toxic elements that cause detrimental effects of the environmental contamination; besides their posing threat, most of the products also contain valuable and recoverable materials (Li, Au, Ag, W, Se, Te, etc.), which make them distinct from other forms of industrial wastes. Most of these value-added elements which are primarily employed in electronic goods are disposed of by incineration and land-filling. This is a serious issue besides just environmental pollution, as IUPAC recognized that such ignorance of or poor attention to e-waste recycling has put several elements in the periodic table to the list of endangered elements...

BACKGROUND: Nasal myiasis is a nasal infestation caused by house fly larvae (maggot). It's a rare condition with only a few reported cases and no treatment consensus. CASE PRESENTATION: A 54-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency unit with a complaint of larvae found in the left nasal cavity and bloody nasal discharge for 2 days. Anterior rhinoscopy found some living larvae in a narrowed left nasal cavity. Patient's management included larvae removal manually with forceps, nasal saline irrigation, a systemic broad-spectrum antibiotic, and insulin to controlled blood sugar...

INTRODUCTION: The Clinical Care Classification (CCC) system is one of the standard nursing terminologies recognized by the American Nurses Association, developed to describe nursing care through electronic documentation in different healthcare settings. The translation of the CCC system into languages other than English is useful to promote its widespread use in different countries and to provide the standard nursing data necessary for interoperable health information exchange. The aim of this study was to translate the CCC system from English to Italian and to test its clinical validity...

PURPOSE: Splenic artery pseudoaneurysms (PSA) are relatively rare but associated with high mortality/morbidity when presenting acutely. Embolization has emerged as the treatment of choice. We aim to evaluate the outcomes of embolization for the treatment of splenic artery PSAs. METHODS: From 2007 to 2019, all patients that underwent embolization for splenic artery PSAs were included in this IRB-approved review. Evaluated outcomes included complications, morbidity/mortality rates, and 30-day white blood cell count...

BACKGROUND: Biotin may activate the acetyl-CoA-, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA-, propionyl-CoA-, and pyruvate carboxylases to increase myelin repair and/or synthesis, and may enhance the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which may be essential to prevent neurodegeneration. The purpose of this review was to determine the effectiveness and safety of high-dose biotin (HDB) in multiple sclerosis via a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. METHODS: We searched the following electronic databases for relevant articles: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials...

Some drugs and medications can precipitate immune system deregulations, which might be confused with recurrent demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMO), exacerbations of an existing disease, neoplastic lesions or other conditions. In this narrative review we describe some of the most relevant drugs and medications associated with iatrogenic demyelination. The anthelminthic agent levamisole is a frequent cocaine adulterant and can precipitate an exacerbated immune response attacking the central nervous system (CNS)...

Tremendous population growth and industrialization have increased energy consumption unprecedentedly. The depletion of fossil-based energy supplies necessitates the exploration of solar, geothermal, wind, hydrogen, biodiesel, etc. as a clean and renewable energy source. Most of these energy sources are intermittent, while bioelectricity, biodiesel, and biohydrogen can be produced using abundantly available organic wastes regularly. The production of various energy resources requires materials that are costly and affect the applicability at a large scale...

In the Middle East and North Africa, dates are a traditional and economically valuable crop, playing an essential role in people's daily diets. Date fruit production and related processing industry generate a large quantity of waste; for illustration, the date juicing industry produces roughly 17-28% Date press cake (DPC), which is mainly discarded in open lands and drains. Considering the generation volume and the nutrient content of DPC, this organic by-product stream can be valorized through the production of a wide range of products with a great market appeal, such as volatile fatty acids, activated carbon, organic acids, etc...

BACKGROUND: Suicide is the main cause of premature death in patients with psychosis. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to review suicide in adolescents with psychotic disorders by evaluating factors associated with suicidal acts. Ours is the first systematic review of suicide in this population. METHOD: We performed a systematic review of suicide in adolescents (10 to 19 years) with psychotic disorder. RESULTS: We identified 10 studies, only 2 of which were randomized clinical trials...

The global market for imported, high-quality priced foods has grown dramatically in the last decade, as consumers become more conscious of food originating from around the world. Many countries require the origin label of food to protect consumers need about true characteristics and origin. Regulatory authorities are looking for an extended and updated list of the analytical techniques for verification of authentic oils and to support law implementation. This review aims to introduce the efforts made using various analytical tools in combination with the multivariate analysis for the verification of the geographical origin of oils...

The Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with a very high incidence of thrombotic complications. The exact mechanisms for this excess risk for clots have not been elucidated although one of the often-quoted pathophysiological entity is immunothrombosis. Recognition of thrombotic complications early on in this pandemic led to an over-explosion of studies which looked at the benefits of anticoagulation to mitigate this risk. In this review, we examine the rationale for thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 with particular reference to dosing and discuss what may guide the decision-making process to consider anticoagulation...

β-Carboline alkaloids are a family of natural and synthetic products with structural diversity and outstanding antitumor activities. This review summarizes research developments of β-carboline and its derivatives as anticancer agents, which focused on both natural and synthetic monomers as well as dimers. In addition, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of β-carboline monomers and dimers are summarized and mechanism of action of β-carboline and its derivatives are also presented. A few possible research directions, suggestions and clues for future work on the development of novel β-carboline-based anticancer agents with improved expected activities and lesser toxicity are also provided...

Ischemia after correction of lesser toe deformities is usually due to temporary vasospasm and can rarely cause gangrene. The published literature on dealing with the issue and been reviewed and used to suggest an algorithm for a logical step by step approach to a pale or white toe when encountered in the postoperative period.

Deformities of the lesser toes are one of the most commonly treated conditions by foot and ankle surgeons. Despite their frequency, a standardized classification has yet to take hold among providers. Generic nomenclature with the addition of multiple adjunctive descriptors continues to be the standard leading to international confusion. A literature review was conducted to analyze any literature and/or textbooks pertaining to lesser toe deformity classification systems. Seven sources met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed consisting of novel, modified, and previously published systems...

Biochar possesses a unique porous structure and abundant surface functional groups, which can potentially help mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from compost. This review summarizes the properties and functions of biochar, and the effects of biochar on common GHGs (methane (CH4 ), carbon dioxide (CO2 ), and nitrous oxide (N2 O)) and ammonia (NH3 , an indirect GHG) during composting. Studies have shown that it is possible to improve the mitigation of GHG emissions during composting by adjusting the biochar amount, type of raw material, pyrolysis temperature, and particle size...