Glioma

Lower-grade gliomas (LGGs), despite their generally indolent clinical course, are characterized by invasive growth patterns and genetic heterogeneity, which can lead to malignant transformation, underscoring the need for improved prognostic markers and therapeutic strategies. This study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq to identify a novel cell type, referred to as "Prol," characterized by increased proliferation and linked to a poor prognosis in patients with LGG, particularly under the context of immunotherapy interventions...

Stereotactic Brachytherapy Iodine-125 (SBT I-125) has been investigated by some studies for the treatment of lowgrade gliomas. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of SBT I-125 Brachytherapy for treatment of patients with Low-Grade Gliomas. PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched for randomized and observational studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines...

The diverse roles of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family (LDLR) have been associated with many processes critical to maintaining central nervous system (CNS) health and contributing to neurological diseases or cancer. In this review, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the LDLR's involvement in common brain tumors, specifically high-grade gliomas, emphasizing the receptors' critical role in the pathophysiology and progression of these tumors due to LDLR's high expression. We delve into LDLR's role in regulating cellular uptake and transport through the brain barrier...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) multi-sequence feature imputation and fusion mutual model based on sequence deletion in differentiating high-grade glioma (HGG) from low-grade glioma (LGG). METHODS: We retrospectively collected multi-sequence MR images from 305 glioma patients, including 189 HGG patients and 116 LGG patients. The region of interest (ROI) of T1-weighted images (T1WI), T2-weighted images (T2WI), T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2_FLAIR) and post-contrast enhancement T1WI (CE_T1WI) were delineated to extract the radiomics features...

Radiation therapy continues to be the cornerstone treatment for malignant brain tumors, the majority of which express wild-type p53. Therefore, the identification of drugs that promote the ionizing radiation (IR)-induced activation of p53 is expected to increase the efficacy of radiation therapy for these tumors. The growth inhibitory effects of CEP-1347, a known inhibitor of MDM4 expression, on malignant brain tumor cell lines expressing wild-type p53 were examined, alone or in combination with IR, by dye exclusion and/or colony formation assays...

Primary central nervous system tumors are the most frequent solid tumors in children, accounting for over 40% of all childhood brain tumor deaths, specifically high-grade gliomas. Compared with pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs), pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) have an abysmal survival rate. The WHO CNS classification identifies four subtypes of pHGGs, including Grade 4 Diffuse midline glioma H3K27-altered, Grade 4 Diffuse hemispheric gliomas H3-G34-mutant, Grade 4 pediatric-type high-grade glioma H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype, and infant-type hemispheric gliomas...

Immunotherapy represents a transformative shift in cancer treatment. Among myriad immune-based approaches, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown promising results in treating hematological malignancies. Despite aggressive treatment options, the prognosis for patients with malignant brain tumors remains poor. Research leveraging CAR T-cell therapy for brain tumors has surged in recent years. Pre-clinical models are crucial in evaluating the safety and efficacy of these therapies before they advance to clinical trials...

3D bioprinting has become a valuable tool for studying the biology of solid tumors, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Our analysis of publicly available bulk RNA and single-cell sequencing data has allowed us to define the chemotactic profile of GBM tumors and identify the cell types that secrete particular chemokines in the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME). Our findings indicate that primary GBM tissues express multiple chemokines, whereas spherical monocultures of GBM cells significantly lose this diversity...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, resulting in poor survival despite aggressive therapies. GBM is characterized by a highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) made up predominantly of infiltrating peripheral immune cells. One significant immune cell type that contributes to glioma immune evasion is a population of immunosuppressive cells, termed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Previous studies suggest that a subset of myeloid cells, expressing monocytic (M)-MDSC markers and dual expression of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1, utilize CCR2 to infiltrate the TME...

Amide Proton Transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging is a molecular MRI technique used to quantify protein concentrations in gliomas, which have heterogeneous components with varying cellularity and metabolic activity. This study aimed to assess the correlation between the component-specific APT signal of the neoplasm and WHO grade, molecular profile and survival status. Sixty-one patients with adult-type diffuse gliomas were retrospectively analyzed. APT values were semi-automatically extracted from tumor solid and, whenever present, necrotic components...

Malignant gliomas present great difficulties in treatment, with little change over the past 30 years in the median survival time of 15 months. Current treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy. New therapies aimed at suppressing the formation of new vasculature (antiangiogenic treatments) or destroying formed tumor vasculature (vascular disrupting agents) show promise. This study summarizes the existing knowledge regarding the processes by which glioblastoma (GBM) tumors acquire resistance to antiangiogenic treatments...

Glioma is a primary brain tumor that grows quickly, has an unfavorable prognosis, and can spread intracerebrally. Glioma cells rely on glucose as the major energy source, and glycolysis plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and progression. Substrate utilization shifts throughout glioma progression to facilitate energy generation and biomass accumulation. This metabolic reprogramming promotes glioma cell proliferation and metastasis and ultimately decreases the efficacy of conventional treatments. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in several glucose metabolism pathways during tumor initiation and progression...

BACKGROUND: Glioma is the most common brain tumor. IDH mutations occur frequently in glioma, indicating a more favorable prognosis. We aimed to explore energy metabolism-related genes in glioma to promote the research and treatment. METHODS: Datasets were obtained from TCGA and GEO databases. Candidate genes were screened by differential gene expression analysis, then functional enrichment analysis was conducted on the candidate genes. PPI was also carried out to help determine the target gene...

BACKGROUND: Overall Survival (OS) and Progression-Free Interval (PFI) as survival times have been collected in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). It is of biomedical interest to consider their dependence in pathway detection and survival prediction. We intend to develop novel methods for integrating PFI as condition based on parametric survival models for identifying pathways associated with OS and predicting OS. RESULTS: Based on the framework of conditional probability, we developed a family of frailty-based parametric-models for this purpose, with exponential or Weibull distribution as baseline...

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a vital role in glioma progression and are associated with poor outcomes in glioma patients. However, the specific roles of different subpopulations of TAMs remain poorly understood. Two distinct cell types, glioma and myeloid cells, were identified through single-cell sequencing analysis in gliomas. Within the TAMs-associated weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) module, FPR3 emerged as a hub gene and was found to be expressed on CD163+ macrophages, while also being associated with clinical outcomes...

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Synthetic sulfonamide anticancer drugs, including E7820, indisulam, tasisulam, and chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide, exhibit diverse mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential, functioning as molecular glue degraders. E7820 targets RBM39, affecting RNA splicing and angiogenesis by suppressing integrin α2. Phase I studies have demonstrated some stability in advanced solid malignancies; however, further efficacy studies are required. Indisulam causes G1 cell cycle arrest and delays the G1/S transition by modulating splicing through RBM39 degradation via DCAF15...

The advent of deep learning (DL) and multimodal spatial transcriptomics (ST) has revolutionized cancer research, offering unprecedented insights into tumor biology. This book chapter explores the integration of DL with ST to advance cancer diagnostics, treatment planning, and precision medicine. DL, a subset of artificial intelligence, employs neural networks to model complex patterns in vast datasets, significantly enhancing diagnostic and treatment applications. In oncology, convolutional neural networks excel in image classification, segmentation, and tumor volume analysis, essential for identifying tumors and optimizing radiotherapy...

BACKGROUND: The conflicting results about the relationship between certain psychiatric disorders and glioma has been reported in previous studies. Moreover, little is known about the common pathogenic mechanism between psychiatric symptoms and glioma. This study aims to find out mental disorders related etiology of glioma and to interpret the underlying biological mechanisms. METHODS: A panel of SNPs significantly associated with eight psychiatric disorders (ADHD, SCZ, Insomnia, NEU, MDD, MI, BIP, and SWB) were identified as exposure related genetic instruments...

Two undescribed isoquinolines (1-2), including one undescribed carbon skeleton isoquinoline together with six known ones (4-9) as well as an undescribed amide (3) and three known ones (10-12) were isolated from C. tomentella. Their planar structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive analyses of UV, NMR, HRESIMS, DP4+ statistical analysis and ECD calculations, respectively. Tomentediline A (1) is an isoquinoline alkaloid dimer that forms an undescribed carbon carbon bond at the C-13 position of (2H)-protoberberine in a natural product discovered for the first time...