mucosal

PURPOSE: Evidence suggests that oncology patients are satisfied with and sometimes prefer telemedicine compared with in-person visits; however, data are scarce on when telemedicine is appropriate for specific cancer populations. In this study, we aim to identify factors that influence patient experience and appropriateness of telemedicine use among a head and neck cancer (HNC) population. METHODS: We performed a mixed-methods study at a multisite cancer center. First, we surveyed patients with HNC and analyzed factors that may influence their telemedicine experience using multivariate regression...

INTRODUCTION: Non-responsive disease (NRCD), where symptoms and enteropathy persist despite a prolonged gluten-free diet (GFD), is common. Refractory coeliac disease (RCD), characterised by malabsorption and extensive enteropathy, is rare but serious. In both, treatment options are limited. Topical budesonide may help and an open capsule format promoting proximal small intestinal delivery may be advantageous. AIM: To describe the effect of budesonide and its presentation on mucosal healing, symptoms, and tolerability in NRCD and RCD...

INTRODUCTION: Current guidelines for double contrast barium esophagography studies (BAS) suggest that patients should be nil per os (NPO) prior to completing BAS for optimal esophageal coating, although the time required varies between practices and institutions. It is believed that consumption of food or water disrupts the ability for thick barium contrast to properly coat the esophageal mucosa. Exams that are rescheduled for this reason can lead to delays in care, without substantial evidence that NPO status truly affects esophageal mucosal coating for these exams with current barium mixtures...

OBJECTIVES: To compare Kawasaki disease (KD) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in children. METHODS: Prospective collection of demographics, clinical and treatment data. Assessment of type 1 interferon (IFN) score, CXCL9, CXCL10, Interleukin (IL)18, IFNγ, IL6, IL1b at disease onset and at recovery. RESULTS: 87 patients (43 KD, 44 MIS-C) were included. Age was higher in MIS-C compared to KD group (mean 31±23 vs. 94±50 months, p<0...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), necessitates effective management strategies. This study aims to evaluate the real-world efficacy of vedolizumab, a newer biological therapy, in treating IBD in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A retrospective observational study was conducted across 6 medical centers, involving 139 IBD patients, 76 with UC and 63 with CD. Patients were assessed for clinical remission and other outcomes at the 26-week mark post vedolizumab treatment initiation...

The oral cavity, a warm and moist environment, is prone to the proliferation of microorganisms like Candida albicans ( C. albicans ), which forms robust biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces, leading to challenging infections. These biofilms are resistant to conventional treatments due to their resilience against antimicrobials and immune responses. The dynamic nature of the oral cavity, including the salivary flow and varying surface properties, complicates the delivery of therapeutic agents. To address these challenges, we introduce dendritic microparticles engineered for enhanced adhesion to dental surfaces and effective delivery of antifungal agents and antibiofilm enzymes...

The striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) is a medium-sized pelagic dolphin with a single external nasal opening (blowhole) located in the rostral and dorsal regions of the skull. The nasal cavity is divided into three sections: the olfactory, respiratory, and vestibular areas. The surface epithelium lining the regio vestibularis is the first tissue in the nose to be directly affected by environmental antigens. Cetaceans have a significant amount of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) located throughout their bodies...

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This study investigated the impact of in vivo available colon-mango (poly)phenols on stress-induced impairment of intestinal barrier function. Caco-2/HT29-MTX cells were incubated with six extracts of ileal fluid collected pre- and 4-8 h post-mango consumption before being subjected to inflammatory stress. (Poly)phenols in ileal fluids were analysed by UHPLC-HR-MS. Epithelial barrier function was monitored by measurement of trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the production of selected inflammatory markers (interleukin-8 (IL-8) and nitric oxide (NO)) and the major mucin of the mucosal layer (MUC2)...

The ocular surface microenvironment, containing the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal gland, constitutes the mucosal frontline of the eye and houses a myriad of immune cells. As a part of unconventional T cells, gamma delta (γδ) T cells differ in the development and functions from canonical alpha beta (αβ) T cells. They are predominantly situated in mucosal sites throughout the body, including ocular surface tissues. Recent research has elucidated that γδ T cells serve as the primary interleukin-17A (IL-17A) source in the conjunctiva...

Probiotics are live microorganisms exerting beneficial effects on the host's health when administered in adequate amounts. Among the most popular and adequately studied probiotics are bacteria from the families Lactobacillaceae , Bifidobacteriaceae and yeasts. Most of them have been shown, both in vitro and in vivo studies of intestinal inflammation models, to provide favorable results by means of improving the gut microbiota composition, promoting the wound healing process and shaping the immunological responses...

Naevus of Ito and naevus of Ota are benign dermal melanocytoses with similar pathogenic mechanisms of failure in the melanocyte migration to typical locations within the basal layer from neural crest cells and differ in distribution. Bilateral and oral mucosal involvement of naevus of Ota can occur but is infrequent. Naevus of Ito is seldom associated with naevus of Ota and extracutaneous manifestations. A review of the English literature showed 14 cases of naevus of Ota with palatal involvement. None showed bilateral involvement of both naevi with oral involvement...

In a clinical context, oral lymphomas are very uncommon and frequently challenging to identify. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are a diverse category of lymphomas that were formerly believed to be formed from B-cells located in the marginal zone, which surrounds B-cell follicles and the surrounding lymphoepithelium. Extranodal organs like the stomach, thyroid, and large salivary glands are where they most frequently appear. As a result, they are accurately identified as extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (ENMZL)...

Epstein-Barr virus-positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) is a subtype of Epstein-Barr virus-positive lymphoproliferative disease with a favorable prognosis that can develop either due to medical interventions or as a consequence of aging. Medical-onset cases caused by immunosuppressive drugs may require a reduction or discontinuation of the causative drugs. However, specific methods for drug adjustment in cases where multiple immunosuppressive drugs are used have not yet been established. Herein, we present the case of a 63-year-old man with interstitial pneumonia who developed an EBVMCU on the right side of his tongue...

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is the preferred treatment for early-stage gastric cancer. The analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of gastric mucosal tumors with different differentiation degrees and the influencing factors of long-term ESD efficacy may have certain significance for revealing the development of gastric cancer and ESD. AIM: To analyze the features of gastric mucosal tumors at different differentiation levels, and to explore the prognostic factors of ESD...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: p62 is a human multifunctional adaptor protein involved in key cellular processes such as tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and cancer. It acts as a negative regulator of inflammasome complexes. It may thus be considered a good candidate for therapeutic use in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as colitis. Probiotics, including recombinant probiotic strains producing or delivering therapeutic biomolecules to the host mucosal surfaces, could help prevent and mitigate chronic intestinal inflammation...

Background:  Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with hematological malignancies. Given the considerable prevalence and consequences of IFIs, hence revealing the exact cause of fungal infections, their rate, associated risk factors, and complications could contribute to reducing both financial and life costs, choosing targeted antifungal treatment, and avoiding unnecessary toxic treatments in individuals who are not suffering from mycoses. Materials and Methods:  This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the first semester of 2019...

Background: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCCs) are heterogeneous malignancies that comprise 90% of the head and neck cancers. HNSCCs originate from the mucosal lining epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) that generate HNSCCs with the CD44, CD133, and ALDH phenotype and are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In the current, the quantitative alteration in CD44 and CD133 expression pre- and post-tumor resection and radiotherapy was evaluated in HNSCC patients...

Urgent research into innovative severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines that may successfully prevent various emerging emerged variants, particularly the Omicron variant and its subvariants, is necessary. Here, we designed a chimeric adenovirus-vectored vaccine named Ad5-Beta/Delta. This vaccine was created by incorporating the receptor-binding domain from the Delta variant, which has the L452R and T478K mutations, into the complete spike protein of the Beta variant. Both intramuscular (IM) and intranasal (IN) vaccination with Ad5-Beta/Deta vaccine induced robust broad-spectrum neutralization against Omicron BA...

BACKGROUND: Protective immunity against intestinal helminths requires induction of robust type-2 immunity orchestrated by various cellular and soluble effectors which promote goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus production, epithelial proliferation, and smooth muscle contractions to expel worms and re-establish immune homeostasis. Conversely, defects in type-2 immunity result in ineffective helminth clearance, persistent infection, and inflammation. Macrophages are highly plastic cells that acquire an alternatively activated state during helminth infection, but they were previously shown to be dispensable for resistance to Trichuris muris infection...