Lactose

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections, a prevalent global infectious disease, are clinical issues not well studied in HIV-positive individuals. UTIs have become a global drug resistance issue, but the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of UTI-causing bacteria among HIV patients in Tigray, Ethiopia, are poorly understood. This study aims to identify the prevalence of UTI-causing bacteria, their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and associated risk factors in HIV patients attending ART clinics at Mekelle General Hospital and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia...

Supercritical anti-solvent fluidized bed (SAS-FB) coating technology has the advantages of reducing particle size, preventing high surface energy particle aggregation, improving the dissolution performance and bioavailability of insoluble drugs. The poor solubility of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class IV drugs poses challenges in achieving optimal bioavailability. Numerous anti-cancer drugs including paclitaxel (PTX) belong to the BCS class IV, hindering their therapeutic efficacy. To address this concern, our study explored SAS-FB technology to coat PTX with D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) onto lactose...

Lactic acid is a versatile chemical with wide application in many industries. It can be produced by the fermentation of different sugars by various lactobacilli and investigations on lactic acid production from different substrates and by different strains are still in progress. The present study aimed to study lactic acid production from lactose by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AC 11S and to choose a mathematical model describing in the best way the experimental data obtained. The influence of initial substrate concentration was investigated, and optimal pH and temperature were determined...

Milk holds a high nutritional value and is associated with diverse health benefits. The understanding of its composition of (poly)phenolic metabolites is limited, which necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of the subject. This study aimed at analyzing the (poly)phenolic profile of commercial milk samples from cows and goats and investigating their sterilization treatments, fat content, and lactose content. Fingerprinting of phenolic metabolites was achieved by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS)...

Yogurt usually contains 5-7% sugar and 3-5% lactose. As β-galactosidases can hydrolyze lactose and improve sweetness, they have the potential to produce lactose-free (LF) and no-sugar-added (NSA) yogurt. In this study, β-galactosidase AoBgal35A from Aspergillus oryzae was engineered by site-saturation mutagenesis. Results of 19 variants of T955 residue showed that lactose hydrolysis rate of T955R-AoBgal35A was up to 90.7%, much higher than 78.5% of the wild type. Moreover, the optimal pH of T955R-AoBgal35A was shifted from pH 4...

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the impact of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on lactation performance, feed efficiency, and blood metabolites in dairy cows. In the systematic review, articles were selected based on the following criteria: (1) Data focusing on the influence of bovine somatotropin doses on milk production; (2) Submission of original data; (3) Articles published in journals; and (4) Articles in English or Portuguese. The analysis of variance was used with a completely randomized design and mixed models methodology...

The production performance of dairy cattle is closely related to their metabolic state. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the production performance and metabolic features of Sanhe dairy cattle across different parities, with a specific focus on evaluating variations in milk traits and metabolites in both milk and serum. Sanhe dairy cattle from parities 1 to 4 (S1, n = 10; S2, n = 9; S3, n = 10; and S4, n = 10) at mid-lactation were maintained under the same feeding and management conditions...

Honey bees play an important role in the pollination of flowering plants. When honey bee colonies are deficient in pollen, one of their main nutrients, protein supplements are required. In this study, the effects of diets with six different protein sources on the physiological characteristics of worker bees (vitellogenin (Vg), abdominal lipid content (ALC), hypopharyngeal gland (HPG)) and consumption were investigated. The protein sources of the diets (diet I, …, diet VI) included pollen, spirulina dust ( Arthrospira platensis Gomont), fresh egg yolk, lyophilized lactose-free skimmed milk powder, active fresh yeast, and ApiProtein...

Diet is a modifiable risk factor for disease course and data over the past decade have emerged to indicate its role in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, literature is riddled with misinterpretation of data, often leading to unexpected or conflicting results. The key understanding is that causative factors in disease development do not always proceed to an opportunity to change disease course, once established. Here, we discuss the data on dietary influences in three distinct disease states for CD and UC-predisease, active disease and quiescent disease...

In hypothyroid patients needing large doses of levothyroxine (L-T4) (>1.7-2 μg/kg/day) to reach euthyroidism, lactose intolerance (LI) needs to be excluded, owing to the high prevalence in the population. If LI is present, a lactose-free diet decreases the rate of L-T4 malabsorption. However, an increased requirement of L-T4 is described in patients with LI, which can be beneficially treated using lactose-free L-T4 formulation. The lactose-free liquid L-T4 formulation is able to circumvent LI malabsorption leading to the normalization of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and long-term stable TSH levels...

OBJECTIVE: This research was performed to investigate effect of administering chromium (Cr) and meloxicam (MEL) on growth performance, cortisol and blood metabolite, and behaviors in young regrouped heifers. METHODS: Fifty Holstein dairy heifers (body weight (BW) 198 ± 32.7 kg and 6.5 ± 0.82 months of age) were randomly assigned to non-regrouped group or four regrouped groups. Non-regrouped animals were held in the same pen throughout entire experimental period (NL: non-regrouping and administration of lactose monohydrate (LM; placebo)...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current study was to find out the independent and interactive effects of prilled fat supplementation with protein on the production performance of early lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes. METHODS: Sixteen early lactating buffaloes (36.75 ± 5.79 d in milk; mean ± SE) received 4 treatments in 4 × 4 Latin-square design according to 2 × 2 factorial arrangements. The dietary treatments were:1) LPLF = low protein low fat, 2) LPHF = low protein high fat, 3) HPLF = high protein low fat, and 4) HPHF = high protein high fat...

This study investigates decompression and ejection conditions on tablet characteristics by comparing compact densities and tensile strengths made using regular rigid dies and custom-built die systems that enable triaxial decompression. Die-wall pressure evolution during decompression and ejection stresses did not meaningfully impact the density and tensile strength of the materials tested: microcrystalline cellulose, crystalline lactose monohydrate, and mannitol. Furthermore, the apparent differences in tensile strength between rectangular cuboids and cylindrical compacts are unrelated to decompression and ejection conditions, but rather a consequence of their shapes and of the test configurations...

This study aimed to monitor the mammary health of 37 multiparous Murrah buffaloes through infrared thermography (IRT). Based on the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and milk somatic cell counts (SCC), buffaloes were grouped into healthy (H, n = 16), subclinical mastitis (SCM, n = 10), and clinical mastitis (CM, n = 11). Buffaloes were milked twice daily in the morning (5:00-6:00 AM) and evening (5:00-6:00 PM). Rectal temperature and respiratory rates were recorded, CMT was performed and thermal images of the mammary gland of all the buffaloes were taken before and after each milking...

The wine market has always faced the problem of fraud, including the addition of exogenous sugar solutions to grape musts to increase the final alcohol content. Since in some countries the practice of chaptalization is prohibited (except by adding concentrated must) it is necessary to broaden the analytical techniques that allow the identification of this type of fraud. The aim of this study was to define an NMR-based sugar profile of genuine grape must to set concentration limits for each sugar as parameters of authenticity...

5-flourouracil (5-FU) is typically modulated with leucovorin (LEU) in clinical practice to improve clinical efficacy and patient survival rates. However, this combination has undesirable side effects and makes 5-FU more toxic. Hence, integrating a vesicular system (proniosomes) with another delivery vehicle may improve drug targeting, while resolving the aforementioned drawbacks. This study aimed to engineer 5-FU/LEU proniosomes for possible delivery to the colon. The modified slurry approach was used to create drug-loaded proniosomes (150 mg/9 g of carrier) using both water-soluble (dextrin (DEX) and lactose (LAC)) and insoluble (Neusilin FH2 (NEU)) carriers...

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus is a group of probiotic strains that have gained popularity for their potential health benefits such as promoting digestive health, boosting the immune system, improving lactose digestion, preventing and treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea, reducing the severity and duration of certain infections, and preventing the formation of dental plaque. In particular, L. rhamnosus strains SD4 and SD11 have promising human and animal health applications due to their ability to inhibit the growth of harmful pathogens...

Probiotic-containing foods are among the most appreciated functional foods; however, probiotic-based dairy products cannot be consumed by people who are lactose intolerant, allergic to milk, or vegetarian or vegan individuals. Thus, new non-dairy matrices have been tested for probiotics delivery. This study evaluated the growth and viability of Limosilactobacillus fermentum ATCC 23271 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 in Pitanga juice (Eugenia uniflora L.). The effects of the fermentation on the antioxidant and anti-infective properties of the juice were also analyzed...

The contribution of dehydration to the growing market of food powders from slurry/liquid matrices is inevitable. To overcome the challenges posed by conventional drying technologies, several innovative approaches have emerged. However, industrial implementation is limited due to insufficient information on the best-suited drying technologies for targeted products. Therefore, this review aimed to compare various conventional and emerging dehydration technologies (such as active freeze, supercritical, agitated thin-film, and vortex chamber drying) based on their fundamental principles, potential applications, and limitations...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to identify plasma and urinary metabolites related to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and elucidate their mediator role in the associations between modifiable risk factors and CRC. METHODS: Metabolite quantitative trait loci were derived from two published metabolomics genome-wide association studies (GWASs), and summary-level data were extracted for 651 plasma metabolites and 208 urinary metabolites. Genetic associations with CRC were obtained from a large-scale GWAS meta-analysis (100,204 cases; 154,587 controls) and the FinnGen cohort (4,957 cases; 304,197 controls)...