Excercise physiology

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. It is often reported to be worsened by psychological stress. OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of psychological stress and related triggers in AD, and its connection to worsening of this disease, focusing on patients' perspectives. METHODS: In total, 28 patients with AD were included in focus groups. Topics regarding psychological stress and psychological triggers were discussed...

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INTRODUCTION: Motor neuron disease is a progressive neurologic disorder characterized by degeneration of motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, brain stem and spinal cord. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY: Was to present methods of therapy and rehabilitation in patients with MND and the role of phoniatrician and otolaryngologist in diagnostic and therapeutic process. MATERIAL AND METHOD, RESULTS: The material of present study consists of 3 patients in the age of 38 to 55 who were admitted to The Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing in Warsaw, Poland...

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the relationship of low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), depression, sexual function, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and to identify factors influencing HRQoL in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) living in the community. METHODS: A total of 218 patients with BPH were recruited into the study. The data were collected by personal interviews using questionnaires and were analyzed with SPSS (version 17...

The effect of long-term excercise on the intervertebral disc collagen concentration (hydroxyproline), collagen-synthesizing enzymes (prolyl-4-hydroxylase, PH, and galactosyl-hydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase, GGT) and hydroxypyridinium crosslinks was studied in ten female beagle dogs. The dogs were run on a treadmill for 1 year starting at the age of 15 weeks. The daily running distance was gradually increased to 40km, which distance the dogs ran for the final 15 weeks. Ten untrained dogs from the same breeding colony served as controls...

Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by exercise and metformin is beneficial for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We recently found that, in cultured cells, the LKB1 tumor suppressor protein kinase activates AMPK in response to the metformin analog phenformin and the AMP mimetic drug 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR). We have also reported that LKB1 activates 11 other AMPK-related kinases. The activity of LKB1 or the AMPK-related kinases has not previously been studied in a tissue with physiological relevance to diabetes...

The effect of excercise on brain function was investigated through animal experiments. Exercise leads to increased serum calcium levels, and the calcium is transported to the brain. This in turn enhances brain dopamine synthesis through a calmodulin-dependent system, and increased dopamine levels regulate various brain functions. There are abnormally low levels of dopamine in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens of epileptic mice (El mice strain) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The low dopamine levels in those animals were improved following intracerebroventricular administration of calcium chloride...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a community-based exercise course applied to a group of American Indians (AI) who, because of physician recommendation and/or self-motivation, desired to increase their physical activity. Changes in physiological measurements and self-perceived measurements were determined following a moderate-intensity exercise program implemented through a randomized controlled trial to a population of American Indian elders between the ages of 55 and 75 living in an urban area...

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Ten young (aged 23-30 years) and nine older (aged 54-59 years) healthy men with a similar size of limb muscle mass performed arm crank and leg cycle exercise for 30 min at relative exercise intensities of 50% and 75% of maximal oxygen uptake for the corresponding muscle group. In the tests, heart rate, blood pressure, gas exchange variables, rating of perceived exertion and blood lactate concentration were measured. The limb muscle mass was determined by anthropometric measurements. At the 75% target exercise level, four of the older men and two of the young men could not complete the arm-cranking test, and one of the older men and two of the young men could not complete the leg-cycle test...

UNLABELLED: Two hundred and forty patients with recent inferior myocardial infarction were studied by a symptom-limited ergometric test with haemodynamic monitoring (triple lumen tip-thermistor Swan-Ganz catheter) in order to investigate and quantify the haemodynamic effects of exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in post-infarct patients and to assess whether the ST-segment changes give any indication of the degree of ventricular impairment. One hundred and thirteen patients showed no ST-segment changes during excercise; ST-segment elevation in leads with abnormal Q wave occurred in 14 patients, ST-segment depression was recorded in 88 subjects, and both ST-segment elevation and depression were found in 27 patients...

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether high carbohydrate diets or exercise would have a greater influence on certain parameters of lipid metabolism. Male Fischer rats were used in both experiments, separated into exercise and sedentary groups, and fed either a high sucrose (63%) or a high starch (63%) diet. There were no differences in body weight or food consumption between the two diets. Exercise resulted in a highly significant increase in food consumption in both experiments. Rats fed sucrose had a higher serum cholesterol value than rats fed starch...

In the course of Apollo 15, physiologic abnormalities, manifested by ectopic activity on the ECG and unusual alterations in excerise tolerance, occurred in the crew of the Lunar Excursion Module. These were associated with decreases in total body potassium, measured by 42K, of 10% and 15%. The possibility of inadequate potassium (K plus) intake existed. A simulation study was performed prior to Apollo 16, corresponding in duration to Apollo 15. Subjects endured the same sleep aberrations and caloric expenditure as the Apollo 15 astronauts...

To investigate the effect of the radiant heat on the human body in a hot environment, the subjects exposed their nude back to a radiant heat of 1.3 and 2.6 cal/cm-2. min, using the exsiccating infrared illuminators under a hot ambient condition of a temperature 31 degrees C, with a relative humidity of 55% and a 0.5 m/sec air flow. The 8 subjects were healthy male college students aged 20 to 25. The following results were obtained by estimating the physiological reactions to different degrees of radiant heat at rest for 60 minutes and during exercise for 30 minutes on a bicycle ergometer by 272 kg...

Experimental data further defining the region of predominant respiratory stress is presented. Within this region, energy requirements of respiration increase disproportionately to the overall energy expenditure of the body as excercise intensity increases. Addition of a mask accentuates this tendency, especially since no physiological compensation is possible in mask parameters. Mask technology has improved masks to the point where they no longer dominate the man-mask system, but instead contribute resistances and dead volumes approximately equal to those naturally occurring in man...

Nutritional services were integrated in a comprehensive child development program for sixty-eight disadvantaged urban families in an attempt to promote maximum cognitive and psychosocial functioning in their children. Child development trainers made weekly home visits beginning in pregnancy, which combined data gathering, direct nutritional counseling, and early sensory excercises for infants. This paper describes the prenatal home visit program, the training of the home visitors, how the 24-hr. food recall method was adapted for their use, the nature of the home visits, and the complex role of the home visitor...

To assess the role of high-energy phosphate compounds in the etiology of heat injury with respect to the release of intracellular constituents, the susceptibility of selected tissues to heat injury, and the shock-like demise of the animals, rats were exercised on a treadmill (9.14 m/min) in a hot environment (34.5-35 degrees C) to a rectal temperature (Tre) of 42.5-43 degrees C. In the heart, kidney, left lateral lobe of the liver, and gastrocnemius muscle extricated from animals immediately upon termination of the treadmill run, levels of glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and creatine phosphate (CP) were unchanged when compared with sedentary controls...

Seven young, male subjects were tested before and immediately after 6 weeks high-mountain expedition. Cardio-respiratory measurements were performed at rest and during standard physical excercise (10 min, 100 W) when breathing atmospheric air or hypoxic mixture (14% O2 in N2). After the expedition an increased V o2 max (16% an average) and diminished heart rate response to submaximal exercise were found. This was observed during air and hypoxic mixture breathing. There was significant increase in stroke volume and cardiac output during the exercise...

Pulmonary function was examined in 19 young asthmatic patients at rest and during two levels of excercise. Findings at rest included decreased flow rates, increased residual volume, normal minute (VE) and alveolar (VA) ventilation, increased ratio of physiological dead space to tidal volume (VD/VT), increased alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (A-a PO2), and mild arterial hypoxaemia and desaturation. On exercise there was a normal increase in VE and VA, the VD/VT and the A-a PO2 decreased towards normal, and arterial oxygen tension improved, approaching normal levels...

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the hemodynamic and metabolic consequences of a physical (treadmill excercise) and behavioral (signaled shock-avoidance) stressor could be differentiated. To do this, direct continuous recordings of cardiac output, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and discrete determinations of the arterial-mixed venous oxygen ((a-v)O2) content difference were analyzed in six dogs during exposure to three grades of treadmill exercise and when working on a shock-avoidance task...