post obstructive diuresis

The effect of 24-hour unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) on the expression and regulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in rats and of pretreatment with lisinopril (5 mg/kg/day) or the AT1-R inhibitor, losartan, (10 mg/kg/day) on renal hemodynamics was evaluated. Both drugs improved the post-obstructed kidney (POK) renal hemodynamics, lowered MAP, and normalized eicosanoid excretion by the POK. Cortex and medulla POK:CK ratio of relative density R mRNA was approximately 3.5 for both. Sham, POK, and CK showed renin immunoreactivity and R mRNA exclusively in juxtaglomerular position...

We report a rare complication of ritual circumcision in an 8-week-old boy. He presented 1 week after the procedure with reduced urine output, a grossly distended bladder and marked bilateral hydroureteronephrosis on ultrasonography. The acute partial urinary obstruction was due to the dressing which was applied after surgical removal of the foreskin and to oedema of the glans. He had abnormal renal function (creatinine 85 mumol/l, urea 8.5 mmol/l) and a hyperkalaemic metabolic acidosis with hyponatraemia (Na 127 mmol/l, K 6...

Magnesium is an essential cation, involved in many enzymatic reactions, as a cofactor to adenosine triphosphatases. It is critical in energy-requiring metabolic processes, as well as protein synthesis and anaerobic phosphorylation. Serum Mg concentration is maintained within a narrow range by the kidney and small intestine since under conditions of Mg deprivation both organs increase their fractional absorption of Mg. If Mg depletion continues, the bone store contributes by exchanging part of its content with extracellular fluid (ECF)...

To reveal which fetal life-threatening diseases significantly contribute to impairment of in-utero urine production and also to determine the gestational age at which time aberrant urine production becomes manifest, we observed 376 compromised fetuses (subject group) at 21-42 weeks' gestation using ultrasonography. A total of 358 uncomplicated fetuses, aged 21-40 weeks, were separately chosen as a control group. Statistical differences in the urine production rate between subject- and control-group fetuses were analysed using the Grubbs-Smirnoff test at corresponding gestational ages...

Clonidine, an antihypertensive drug that inhibits renin release and causes a water diuresis in normal animals, was tested for its ability to reduce the severity of post-ischemic acute renal failure produced in rabbits by clamping the left renal pedicle for 1 hour and removing the opposite kidney. Clonidine significantly lessened renal failure when given during, or 1 hours after, the ischemic insult in dehydrated rabbits. It was also effective when given during the ischemic insult in vasopressin-treated water-drinking rabbits but not in control water-drinking rabbits...

Renal and metabolic complications of tumor lysis during 46 episodes of remission induction chemotherapy were reviewed in 37 patients with American Burkitt's lymphoma. Azotemia occurred in 14 patients, preceding chemotherapy in eight. All of these patients had abdominal tumors. Pretreatment azotemia was associated with elevated lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and uric acid levels, and sometimes extrinsic ureteral obstruction by tumor. Two patients required dialysis for uric acid nephropathy before chemotherapy was initiated...

Dynamic assessment using pressure flow studies was made in 11 patients to assess the patency of their pyeloplasty. In 5 the study was in the immediate post-operative period and lead to a further exploration in 2 patients. In 6 the study was performed many years after the pyeloplasty and showed that despite symptoms only 2 patients needed a further procedure. Dynamic assessment is a useful technique in these difficult diagnostic problems.

Over a 15-year period, 19 patients with hydronephrosis due to pelviureteric obstruction associated with lower polar vessels were treated by ureterolysis and transposition of the vessels. Only those patients who, at operation, showed rapid pelvic emptying was not observed, a pyeloplasty was performed in addition. Complete relief of symptoms occurred in 90% of the patients. Post-operative reduction in the degree of hydronephrosis was demonstrated by intravenous urography in 74% and renal pelvic drainage was judged excellent by diuresis renography in 80%...

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We report 2 cases of a pathological urinary water loss of clinical relevance after relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction following pyeloplasty. The mechanism of this unilateral post-obstructive diuresis is based on the combination of preservation of glomerular filtration rate of the obstructed kidney and distal tubular damage.

A patient with post-obstructive diuresis is described. Inappropriate losses of salt and water occurred, with urine volume exceeding half the glomerular filtration rate. Additionally, excessive urinary excretion of potassium, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphate, magnesium and urate took place in the presence of subnormal blood levels. Transient proteinuria was also observed. This case demonstrates that serious electrolyte disturbances can occur after relief of urinary tract obstruction and the evidence suggests these may be due to disordered proximal tubule function...

The renal pathophysiology during ureteral obstruction was investigated in rat experiments, especially designed to study the role of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) control mechanism. This mechanism, operating by sensing the distal delivery of fluid to the macula densa site, regulates the glomerular capillary pressure (PGC) and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Interstitial pressure conditions are known to influence the sensitivity of this control mechanism. Micropuncture experiments were performed to investigate the TGF activity before, during and after release of 2 h unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and after 24 h UUO and bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO)...

A prospective study of apparent obstruction of the ureter by Bilharzia was undertaken. Over a 2-year period, 130 patients with active Bilharzia and 58 patients with inactive or chronic Bilharzia, all of whom had apparently obstructive lesions of the ureter, were studied. Ureteric lesions were examined for true mechanical obstruction by post-micturition erect radiography, erect diuresis renography and, in selected cases, by perfusion pressure flow studies. Of the 130 patients with active Bilharzia, 32 ureters were found to be mechanically obstructed and in each case the obstruction resolved with anti-bilharzial medication...

Fifty-seven patients have provided 64 dilated pelvicaliceal units for study by diuresis renography and the Whitaker test. Of 45 kidneys showing a type I or type IIIa renographic response (unobstructed), 32 were, according to Whitaker's criteria, obstructed, 8 fell into an equivocal zone and only 5 were unobstructed. Thirty-five of these kidneys--33 of which were associated with moderate or severe loin pain--were operated on for presumed obstruction with generally excellent symptomatic and renographic result...

1 day after bilateral ureteral occlusion (BUO), the extracellular fluid (ECF) volume of rats was increased by 2.8 ml/100 g body weight above those values observed after either a sham operation or after 1 day of unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO). The plasma urea concentration of BUO rats averaged about five times the values of either sham or UUO groups. The release of BUO of 1-day duration resulted in post-obstructive diuresis and natriuresis, whereas oliguria was observed after the release of UUO of 1-day duration...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.