Renal biomarkers

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration, functional impairments, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Valiltramiprosate is a tramiprosate prodrug being investigated as a novel treatment for AD. AREAS COVERED: The online databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the terms 'ALZ-801' or 'valiltramiprosate.' Alzheon press releases were reviewed for emerging clinical information...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of left ventricular global longitudinal peak strain (GLPS) for the prognosis of septic patients. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted. Patients diagnosed with sepsis and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from December 2018 to November 2019 were enrolled. The patient characteristics, cardiac ultrasound parameters [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), four-dimensional ejection fraction (4DEF), GLPS] and cardiac biomarkers [N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin T (cTnT)] within 24 hours of ICU admission, organ support therapies, severity of illness, and prognostic indicators were documented...

INTRODUCTION: Serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and creatinine are commonly used biomarkers of renal function in cats. We hypothesize that the serum analytes creatinine and SDMA are equally effective at detecting impaired renal function caused by meloxicam-induced renal injury in cats. Our primary objective was to compare serum concentrations of SDMA and creatinine in cats before, during, and after induction of renal injury from repeated dosages of meloxicam in the context of a small pilot study...

BACKGROUND: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent malignant tumor affecting the urinary system. Due to its unfavorable prognosis, there is a pressing need to discover effective approaches for early diagnosis and treatment of ccRCC. Extensive research has consistently demonstrated the presence of stable microRNAs (miRNAs) in human serum. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to identify a specific panel of miRNAs in serum that can serve as a reliable and non-invasive biomarker for the early detection of ccRCC...

BACKGROUND: Use of sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors often causes an initial decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This study addresses the question whether the initial decline of renal function with SGLT2 inhibitor treatment is related to vascular changes in the systemic circulation. METHODS: We measured GFR (mGFR) and estimated GFR (eGFR) in 65 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment randomized either to a combination of empagliflozin and linagliptin (SGLT2 inhibitor based treatment group) (n = 34) or metformin and insulin (non-SGLT2 inhibitor based treatment group) (n = 31)...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: While oxidative stress is the key player driving diabetic nephropathy (DN), firm glycemic control remains the pillar prophylactic measure. Purslane was extensively described as a potent hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent owing to its rich content of antioxidants. Therefore, this report aimed to assess the renoprotective potentials of methanol (MO) and methylene chloride (MC) fixed oil extracts of purslane seeds in a diabetic nephropathy (DN) model. METHODS: Purslane seeds were extracted using absolute methanol and methylene chloride, and type-1 diabetes was induced with a single 55 mg/kg dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in 100 mmol/L citrate buffer (pH 4...

Insufficient understanding about the immune evasion mechanism leads to the inability in predicting current immunotherapy effects in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and sensitizing ccRCC to immunotherapy. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) can promote tumor progression and immune evasion. However, research on RBPs, particularly m6A reader YTHDF3, in ccRCC development and immune evasion is limited. In this study, we found that YTHDF3 level was downregulated in ccRCC and was an independent prognostic biomarker for ccRCC...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: EVEREST is a phase 3 trial in patients with renal cell cancer (RCC) at intermediate-high or very high risk of recurrence after nephrectomy who were randomized to receive adjuvant everolimus or placebo. Longer recurrence-free survival (RFS) was observed with everolimus (hazard ratio [HR] 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72-1.00; p = 0.051), but the nominal significance level (p = 0.044) was not reached. To contextualize these results with positive phase 3 trials of adjuvant sunitinib and pembrolizumab, we conducted a secondary analysis in a similar population of EVEREST patients with very high-risk disease and clear cell histology...

PURPOSE: Develop and validate gene expression-based biomarker associated with recurrent disease to facilitate risk stratification of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified 110 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for ccRCC ( discovery cohort). Patients who recurred were matched on the basis of grade/stage to patients without recurrence. Capture whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed on RNA isolated from archival tissue using the Illumina platform...

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) and kidney disease frequently co-occur, increasing mortality risk. The cardiorenal syndrome results from damage to either the heart or kidney impacting the other organ. The epidemiology of cardiorenal syndrome among the general population is incompletely characterized and despite shared risk factors with HF, differences in mortality risk across key demographics have not been well described. Thus, the primary goal of this study was to analyze annual trends in cardiorenal-related mortality, evaluate if these trends differed by age, sex, and race or ethnicity, and describe these trends against a backdrop of HF mortality...

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most prevalent blood cancer after non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is identified by the excessive production of abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulins, which can result in various clinical symptoms such as destructive bone lesions, renal dysfunction, anemia, and immunodeficiency. The current study aims to evaluate the serum levels of carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks 1 (CTX-1), Fibulin-1, vitamin D3, LDH, and albumin in MM patients and their significance for early diagnosis...

This study evaluates the diagnostic efficacy of urinary biomarkers, Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (uNGAL), and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (uKIM-1), in identifying Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in dogs affected with leptospirosis or babesiosis. Acute kidney injury was diagnosed based on the increase in serum creatinine levels above 0.3 mg/dL within 48 h and dogs were categorized according to AKI grades based on International Renal Interest Society guidelines. Traditional biomarkers (serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen) and novel biomarkers like urinary NGAL and urinary KIM-1 levels were measured and compared to concentrations obtained in control dogs...

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. As an amplifier of the inflammatory response, TREM-1 is mainly involved in the production of inflammatory mediators and the regulation of cell survival. TREM-1 has been studied in infectious diseases and more recently in non-infectious disorders. More and more studies have shown that TREM-1 plays an important pathogenic role in kidney diseases. There is evidence that TREM-1 can not only be used as a biomarker for diagnosis of disease but also as a potential therapeutic target to guide the development of novel therapeutic agents for kidney disease...

BACKGROUND: Exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), while the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in tumorigenesis and progression. AIMS: The purpose of this study is to construction a exosomes-related lncRNA score and a ceRNA network to predict the response to immunotherapy and potential targeted drug in ccRCC. METHODS: Data of ccRCC patients were obtained from the TCGA database...

Surrogate measures of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) continue to serve as pivotal determinants of the incidence, severity, and management of acute kidney injury (AKI), as well as the primary reference point underpinning knowledge of its pathophysiology. However, several clinically important deficits in aspects of renal excretory function during AKI other than GFR decline, including acid-base regulation, electrolyte and water balance, and urinary concentrating capacity, can evade detection when diagnostic criteria are built around purely GFR-based assessments...

BACKGROUND: This study examines the direct nephrotoxic effects of Daboia siamensis venom (RVV) and venom fractions in in vivo and isolated perfused kidneys (IPK) to understand the role of inflammation pathways and susceptibility to oxidative stress in venom or fraction-induced acute renal failure. METHODS: We administered RVV and its venom fractions (PLA2 , MP, LAAO, and PDE) to rabbits in vivo and in the IPK model. We measured oxidative stress biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GSH, and MDA) in kidney tissue, as well as inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10), MDA and GSH levels in plasma and urine...

BACKGROUND: Renal involvement is the most damaging long-term complication of Immunoglobulin-A (IgA) vasculitis. In the lack of a definite predictive biomarker for renal involvement, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been proposed in recent years. METHODS: In this prospective cohort of 48 pediatric patients who were admitted with IgA vasculitis from September 2015 to June 2017, two serum samples were taken 12 weeks apart to detect Anti-Phospholipid antibodies...

BACKGROUND: Human blood metabolites have demonstrated close associations with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in observational studies. Nonetheless, the causal relationship between metabolites and CKD is still unclear. This study aimed to assess the associations between metabolites and CKD risk. METHODS: We applied a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate relationships between 1400 blood metabolites and eight phenotypes (outcomes) (CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR), urine albumin to creatinine ratio, rapid progress to CKD, rapid decline of eGFR, membranous nephropathy, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy)...

BACKGROUND: The neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio (NPAR), which is defined as the percentage of neutrophils divided by the concentration of albumin, is a cost-effective and readily available biomarker of inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the NPAR and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: A total of 280 CKD patients who underwent coronary angiography were retrospectively enrolled in this study...

Pyuria in dipstick examination serves as the most widespread screening tool for urinary tract infections (UTI). The absence of pyuria, however, does not exclude UTI. We investigated the diagnostic value of urinary calprotectin, a mediator protein of the innate immune system, which is released by leukocytes, for the detection of UTI and compared it with dipstick pyuria. Since even low numbers of leukocytes in the urine significantly increase urinary calprotectin concentrations, calprotectin might be a more sensitive marker than pyuria detected by dipstick...