Gender role

BACKGROUND: Sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHRs) are integral elements of the rights of everyone to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, but they are the most underdeveloped and least understood sphere of rights, especially in Africa, including the country of Ethiopia. The implementation of women's SRHRs is essential for achieving gender equality and promoting women's rights. Husbands' knowledge and involvement play a significant role in improving women's practice of their SRHRs...

BACKGROUND: Inadequate nutrition and poor diet quality are associated with a heightened risk of diabetes. The connection between food insecurity measures and diabetes has been established, with evidence indicating that Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation contributes to reductions in food insecurity. Recently developed nutrition security measures, defined as the ability to acquire healthful foods to prevent diseases, and their association with diabetes and SNAP participation are not yet understood...

Amidst the current global surge in physician burnout, a compelling need arises for precisely targeted research and interventions that cater to specific contexts, illuminating a path towards professional well-being. This brief communication analyses recent studies on physician burnout in Oman, critically evaluating the findings, cultural factors, methodological limitations and future growth opportunities. Distinct elements of Omani culture, encompassing attitudes towards mental illness, gender roles and patient expectations, can distinctly influence how burnout presents in this population...

This study explores the role of managers' perceptions of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in preventing violence against women in companies. Surveying 673 managers in Lima, Peru, it found gender-based discrepancies in SDG priorities, with men leaning toward industry goals and women toward well-being and gender equality. Socially ingrained gender biases influence prevention strategies: men often comply with mandatory measures, while women opt for noncompulsory strategic actions. Notably, a high valuation of SDG-5 (gender equality) correlates with diverse prevention efforts...

Psychiatrists play a crucial role in evaluating requests and treatment indications for individuals experiencing gender incongruence, while also providing support throughout the transition process. Their work involves addressing both the psychological and somatic aspects of this journey, facilitating the profound identity changes it entails.

To date, the underlying pathology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is undetermined. Disturbance of intestinal gut microbiota was implicated in many health diseases, including IBD. Increasing evidence suggests that probiotics play a beneficial role in restoring the balance of the gut ecosystem. This review searched multiple databases for relevant works that examined probiotics' possible benefits in adults with IBD. Probiotic mode of action in ulcerative colitis patients and Crohn's disease were examined with respect to probiotic strain, their benefits, and their advantages in adult cases...

OBJECTIVE: Predicting whether the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) should be preserved during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures is a complex task in the preoperative phase. The choice to either retain or excise the PCL has a substantial effect on the surgical outcomes and biomechanical integrity of the knee joint after the operation. To enhance surgeons' ability to predict the removal and retention of the PCL in patients before TKA, we developed machine learning models. We also identified significant feature factors that contribute to accurate predictions during this process...

BACKGROUND: Psychotic major depression (PMD) is characterized by major depressive disorder (MDD) accompanied by delusions or hallucinations. While the prevalence of PMD and its association with anxiety have been studied, gender-specific differences and the role of thyroid hormones in PMD-related anxiety remain less explored. METHODS: A total of 1718 first-episode and drug-naïve MDD patients was assessed for the presence of PMD and severe anxiety. Clinical assessments, including Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) scale, were conducted to assess depression, anxiety, psychotic symptoms, and clinical severity, respectively...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively review animal and human studies that explore the role of omega-3 PUFAs in maintaining the health of the auditory organ across all life stages. METHODS: This narrative review involved searching Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles from December 1980 to July 2023. RESULTS: some animal and human studies suggest that both deficiency and excessive intake of long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can lead to auditory neural conduction impairment and reduced hearing acuity from fetal development to old age (presbycusis)...

UNLABELLED: Nutritional assessment is used to implement early nutritional interventions and reduce complications associated with malnutrition, which plays a crucial role in improving postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing pancreas and/or kidney transplantation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the nutritional status (NS) in patients eligible for kidney transplantation (KTx) and simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation (SPKTx). METHODS: We analyzed the database of hospitalized patients from 2020 to 2023 to identify preoperative parameters of NS in patients eligible for KTx and SPKTx...

INTRODUCTION: This academic article discusses the historical underrepresentation of female in science, with a focus on Latin America. It highlights the importance of both technical and non-technical skills in the medical-surgical field, particularly the role of research skills. The study aims to quantify and characterize the scientific output of Latin American female researchers over the past decade, providing insights into the challenges and opportunities in low and middle-income countries...

Nanoplastics (NPs) and triclosan (TCS) are ubiquitous emerging environmental contaminants detected in human samples. While the reproductive toxicity of TCS alone has been studied, its combined effects with NPs remain unclear. Herein, we employed Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering to characterize the coexposure of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs, 50 nm) with TCS. Then, adult zebrafish were exposed to TCS at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.361-48.2 μg/L), with or without PS-NPs (1...

BACKGROUND: Course failure arises as the ultimate result of students' declining academic performance in the face of high course demands. It can eventually lead to dropout and academic dissatisfaction. Emotional intelligence may play an essential role in decreasing the emotional effects of stress, such as academic burnout in nursing students. However, emotional intelligence is conceptualized multidimensionally, and each of its attributes may have a different impact on burnout reduction...

There are warnings that human actions will lead to irreversible environmental damage if they continue at their current pace and scale. With regard to individual aspects, a pro-environmental attitude and positive affective-motivational beliefs towards sustainability represent fundamentals for a more sustainable future. However, there is little data regarding these constructs and relevant explanatory factors, especially with regard to young people. We examined environmental attitude (two-dimensional: utilization and preservation) and affective-motivational beliefs towards sustainability with regard to gender, age, socio-economic status, school type and time spent in nature in 484 adolescents (11-14 years) living in German cities by means of univariate and multiple regression analyses...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) refers to intracranial hemorrhages frequently caused by minor head trauma and is mostly seen in middle and advanced age. One of the hypotheses regarding the development of CSH is that the inflammatory cascade plays a pivotal role in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The inclusion criteria covered patients in all ages who were diagnosed as CSH by computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging and treated by surgical intervention in our clinic between 2018 and 2020...

This paper reports on Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) public participation in Malawi with a focus on the role of women from matrilineal and patrilineal marriage systems. Six rural ESIA projects are explored of which three are in areas of patrilineal and three are in areas of matrilineal systems. Participation space was found to be consistently dominated by men, with no obvious differences between both systems. The key reasons are likely to be lower educational and social status of women in rural areas throughout the country...

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the role of the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) - which funds services for vulnerable and historically disadvantaged populations with HIV - in reducing health inequities among people with HIV over a 10-year horizon. DESIGN: We use an agent-based microsimulation model to incorporate the complexity of the program and long-time horizon. METHODS: We use a composite measure (the Theil index) to evaluate the health equity implications of the RWHAP for each of four subgroups (based on race and ethnicity, age, gender, and HIV transmission category) and two outcomes (probability of being in care and treatment and probability of being virally suppressed)...

AIMS: Previous studies have investigated the relationship between heart failure (HF) and levels of zinc and copper, but conflicting results have been reported. This meta-analysis aims to clarify the role of zinc and copper in HF progression by examining the associations between HF and concentrations of these minerals. METHODS AND RESULTS: We utilized STATA 12.0 software to calculate the standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for serum zinc and copper levels in patients with HF compared with healthy controls (HCs)...

INTRODUCTION: While telemedicine offers significant benefits, there remain substantial knowledge gaps in the literature, particularly regarding its use in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to explore health consumers' behavioral intention to use telemedicine examining the associated factors such as eHealth literacy and attitudes toward telemedicine services. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to collect data on demographics, health status, internet skills, attitudes toward telemedicine, and eHealth literacy...

BACKGROUND: The Cisternostomy is a novel surgical concept in the treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), which can effectively drain the bloody cerebrospinal fluid from the skull base cistern, reduce the intracranial pressure, and improve the return of bone flap, but its preventive role in post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is unknow. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether Cisternostomy prevents the occurrence of PTH in patients with moderate and severe TBI. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 86 patients with moderate and severe TBI from May 2019 to October 2021 was carried out in the Brain Trauma Center of Tianjin Huanhu Hospital...