Blood transfusion induced iron deficiency anemia

OBJECTIVES: Hyperferritinemia is being suggested to identify patients with sepsis-induced macrophage activation syndrome for early intervention. However, data among iron-deficient children are scarce. This study was planned to explore the biological behavior of plasma ferritin in children from communities with a high frequency of iron deficiency with septic shock and its association with the outcome. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Tertiary care teaching hospital in a low-middle income economy of South Asia...

BACKGROUND: Preoperative anemia prevalence among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is high and may adversely influence postoperative outcome. This study assesses the efficacy of a preoperative anemia managing protocol in CRC. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of consecutive CRC resections at two Spanish centers (January 2012 to December 2013). Preoperative anemia was defined as a hemoglobin (Hb) level of less than 13 g/dL and treated with intravenous iron (IVI) or standard care (oral iron or no iron)...

BACKGROUND: Most frequent red cell (RBC) donors and many first-time donors are iron deficient, but meet haemoglobin standards. However, the effects of donation-induced iron deficiency on RBC storage quality are unknown. Thus, we used a mouse model to determine if donor iron deficiency reduced post-transfusion RBC recovery. METHODS: Weanling mice received a control diet or an iron-deficient diet. A third group receiving the iron-deficient diet was also phlebotomised weekly...

Iron is required for most forms of organisms, and it is the most essential element for the functions of many iron-containing proteins involved in oxygen transport, cellular respiration, DNA replication, and so on. Disorders of iron metabolism are associated with diverse diseases, including anemias (e.g., iron-deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic diseases) and iron overload diseases, such as hereditary hemochromatosis and β-thalassemia. Hepcidin (encoded by Hamp gene) is a peptide hormone synthesized by hepatocytes, and it plays an important role in regulating the systematic iron homeostasis...

In patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) responsive to imatinib, it is still unknown whether the long-lasting treatment could induce the appearance of a persistent/late chronic anemia. To highlight this issue, we revised 128 patients with CML (M/F 64/64, median age at diagnosis 56.9 years, interquartile range 43.0-69.3) treated at our Institution with 1st line imatinib for at least 36 months and in stable complete cytogenetic response. At the 36th month of imatinib, a chronic anemia (Hb < 12 g/dl for > 6 months) was present in 38/128 patients (29...

Iron overload is a big challenge when treating thalassemia (TM), hemochromatosis and sideroblastic anemia. It persists even after cure of TM with bone marrow transplantation. Iron overload results from increased iron absorption and repeated blood transfusions causing increased iron in plasma and interstitial fluids. Iron deposition in tissues e.g. heart, liver, endocrine glands and others leads to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Iron chelation therapy and phlebotomy for iron overload have treatment difficulties, side effects and contraindications...

PURPOSE: Patients with cancer frequently experience chemotherapy-induced anaemia (CIA) and iron deficiency. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), iron supplementation and blood transfusions are available therapies. This study evaluated routine practice in CIA management. METHODS: Medical oncologists and/or haematologists from nine European countries (n=375) were surveyed on their last five cancer patients treated for CIA (n=1,730). Information was collected on tests performed at diagnosis of anaemia, levels of haemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin and transferrin saturation (TSAT), as well as applied anaemia therapies...

Cancer-related anemia (CRA) is due to multiple etiologies, including chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression, blood loss, functional iron deficiency, erythropoietin deficiency due to renal disease, marrow involvement with tumor as well as other factors. The most common treatment options for CRA include iron therapy, erythropoietic-stimulating agents (ESAs), and red cell transfusion. Safety concerns as well as restrictions and reimbursement issues surrounding ESA therapy for CRA have resulted in suboptimal treatment...

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 16-year-old vasectomized male ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) with a history of suspected chronic renal failure was evaluated because of extreme lethargy, hyperpnea, and abscess of the right pectoral scent gland. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Examination of the anesthetized patient revealed an impacted right pectoral scent gland with serosanguineous exudate. A CBC and serum biochemical analysis revealed severe anemia, marked azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia...

Perioperative management of a child with sickle-cell disease requires close collaboration between hematologist, surgeon and anesthetist. The level of preoperative preparation must consider both the surgical risk and the impact of the disease. Preoperative hydration and blood transfusion are the most important part of preoperative management. Anesthetic technique is not as important as preoperative preparation, management of stress and anxiety, and optimization of intraoperative physiological parameters (oxygenation, acid-base balance, tissue perfusion, normothermia)...

The definition of anemia is controversial and varies with the sex, age, and ethnicity of the patient. Anemia afflicts half of hospitalized patients and most elderly hospitalized patients. Acute anemia in the operating room or intensive care unit is associated with increased morbidity as well as other adverse outcomes, including death. The risks of anemia are compounded by the added risks associated with transfusion of red blood cells, the most common treatment for severe anemia. The causes of anemia in hospitalized patients include iron deficiency, suppression of erythropoietin and iron transport, trauma, phlebotomy, coagulopathies, adverse effects of and reactions to medications, and stress-induced gastrointestinal bleeding...

Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is frequently observed in patients with chronic diseases as a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality, which can aggravate the severity of symptoms of the underlying inflammatory status. The pathophysiology of ACD is multifactorial, including three mechanisms: shortened erythrocyte survival, impaired proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells, and abnormalities of iron metabolism. These mechanisms are "immune and inflammation"-driven, but several other factors, including chronic blood loss, hemolysis, or vitamin deficiencies, can aggravate anemia...

BACKGROUND: Anemia in toddlers may result from many disorders including excessive feeding with cow's milk. Another sequel of age-inadequate cow's milk nutrition may be gastric lactobezoar (GLB), a dense lump of coagulated milk and mucus in the stomach. PATIENTS: 3 toddlers presented with a history of excessive intake of full cream cow's milk, abdominal distension, vomiting, dehydration, fatigue, marked pallor and tachycardia. DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP: Diagnostic imaging revea-led large GLBs as the likely origin of the abdominal symptoms...

Perioperative anaemia, with iron deficiency being its leading cause, is a frequent condition among surgical patients, and has been linked to increased postoperative morbidity and mortality, and decreased quality of life. Postoperative anaemia is even more frequent and is mainly caused by perioperative blood loss, aggravated by inflammation-induced blunting of erythropoiesis. Allogenic transfusion is commonly used for treating acute perioperative anaemia, but it also increases the rate of morbidity and mortality in surgical and critically ill patients...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that low iron availability, measured as transferrin saturation, is associated with low nocturnal hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) in children with homozygous sickle cell anemia (SCA; hemoglobin SS). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of Tanzanian children with SCA who were not receiving regular blood transfusions. Thirty-two children (16 boys) with SCA (mean age 8.0, range 3.6-15.3 years) underwent motion-resistant nocturnal oximetry (Masimo Radical) and had steady state serum transferrin saturation and hematological indices assessed...

Neonatal chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) is characterized by epiphyseal stippling and midfacial hypoplasia. CDP is usually inherited, but can be acquired because of maternal vitamin K deficiency. We describe an infant with CDP born to a teenager with sickle cell anemia and transfusional iron overload. The mother had severe liver fibrosis, elevated liver iron concentration (34 mg Fe/g), and coagulopathy, but no gestational use of warfarin. Fetal abnormalities were attributed to vitamin K deficiency secondary to liver dysfunction from iron toxicity...

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) increase red blood cell (RBC) production by activating the erythropoietin receptor on erythrocytic progenitor cells. ESAs are approved in the United States and Europe for treating anaemia in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. ESA safety issues include thromboembolic events and there have been concerns about disease progression and/or mortality in cancer patients. This educational supplement paper is based on two recently published papers. We review both clinical trial data on ESAs and disease progression and preclinical data on how ESAs could affect tumour growth...

A rare case of acute ischemic stroke in a young patient with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is reported. IDA has been suggested to have an association with stroke, but few cases have proven it thus far. Three physiological mechanisms explaining IDA to ischemic stroke include a hypercoagulable state secondary to IDA, thrombocytosis secondary to IDA, and anemic hypoxia induced by IDA. Our paper shows an example of a hypoxia-induced stroke secondary to IDA in a young woman with menorrhagia. Thrombus formation was ruled out as the Magnetic Resonance Angiogram (MRA) showed no evidence...

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines are inconclusive regarding intravenous (IV) iron for treatment of chemotherapy-induced anaemia (CIA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing IV iron with no iron or oral iron for treatment of chemotherapy induced anaemia (CIA). PRIMARY OUTCOMES: haematopoietic response and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirements. For dichotomous data, relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated and pooled...

BACKGROUND: Chronic diseases reduce the availability of iron for effective erythropoiesis. This review summarises clinical consequences of iron deficiency (ID) and anaemia in cancer patients, mechanisms how impaired iron homeostasis affects diagnosis and treatment of ID, and data from clinical trials evaluating i.v. iron with or without concomitant erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). DESIGN: Clinical trial reports were identified in PubMed and abstracts at relevant major congresses...