Gallbladder carcinoma

INTRODUCTION: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are classified as neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), and mixed neuroendocrine and nonneuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) according to World Health Organization classification. We present our experience of NENs of the gallbladder (GB) from a high-volume cancer hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study is a retrospective analysis of all patients with GB NENs who presented between January 2015 and June 2023...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Synchronous primary cancers in the stomach and gallbladder were not previously reported in the medical literature. Pseudotumor pancreatitis was also described many years ago. It was misdiagnosed and required surgery for pancreatic head neoplasms. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 57-year-old male patient went to our hospital for abdominal pain. He was indicated for gastroduodenal endoscopy, and the result was adenocarcinoma. Abdominal ultrasound and Ctscan detected the gallbladder fundus's localized thickening structure and the pancreatic head's hyperechoic structure...

Mirizzi syndrome is a serious complication of gallstone disease. It is caused by the impacted stones in the gallbladder neck or cystic duct. One of the features of Mirizzi syndrome is severe inflammation or dense fibrosis at the Calot's triangle. In our clinical practice, bile duct, branches of right hepatic artery and right portal vein clinging to gallbladder infundibulum are often observed due to gallbladder infundibulum adhered to right hepatic hilum. The intraoperative damage of branches of right hepatic artery occurs more easily than that of bile duct, all of which are hidden pitfalls for surgeons...

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BACKGROUND: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet distribution width (PDW) are associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. We aimed to analyze the prognostic value of the combination of preoperative NLR and PDW in patients with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). METHODS: A total of 287 GBC patients who underwent curative-intent surgery in our institution was included. The relationship between NLR and PDW and clinicopathological features were analyzed...

An 88-year-old woman had been diagnosed with hilar cholangiocarcinoma for 3 years since she received metallic stents for malignant biliary obstruction, and observed without any aggressive medical treatment. She was admitted to our hospital for further investigation of her abdominal pain. Abdominal CT showed an enlarged gallbladder, fluid collection in the right paracolic gutter, and swollen appendix. Laboratory tests showed high-grade inflammation. She was diagnosed with acute perforated appendicitis with acute cholecystitis...

All three patients were female, one in her 50s, and the other two in their 60s. The one in her 50s had liver metastasis and the other two had unresectable advanced cholecystic carcinomas with peritoneal dissemination. All three received 8-12 courses of gemcitabine plus CDDP(GC). After GC, all three were deemed to be candidates for R0 resection and underwent resection of two central liver segments. In addition, the second patient required an extrahepatic cholangiectomy; an extended cholecystectomy, plus an extrahepatic cholangiectomy, plus a complete omental resection; and the third needed an extended cholecystectomy, plus an extrahepatic cholangiectomy with a partial transverse colon resection, plus a partial duodenectomy...

Enteroblastic carcinoma is clinically characterized by an elevated serum level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and is histologically characterized by cancer cells with a clear cytoplasm and 'blastic' coarse chromatin. It sometimes has an element of hepatoid carcinoma; therefore, these two neoplasms are often regarded as sister entities. Although hepatoid carcinoma in the biliary tree has been reported, enteroblastic cholangiocarcinoma is extremely uncommon. In the present study, four cases of enteroblastic cholangiocarcinoma were examined...

Gallbladder neuroendocrine tumors remain relatively rare in the clinical setting. They are generally asymptomatic and reported as incidental findings. The diagnosis is exclusively made by histopathological and immunohistological examination according to the recent WHO guidelines. Here, we present the case of a 58-year-old woman with small-cell gallbladder neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Gallbladder (GB) carcinoma, although relatively rare, is the most common biliary tree cholangiocarcinoma with aggressiveness and poor prognosis. It is closely associated with cholelithiasis and long-standing large (> 3 cm) gallstones in up to 90% of cases. The other main predisposing factors for GB carcinoma include molecular factors such as mutated genes, GB wall calcification (porcelain) or mainly mucosal microcalcifications, and GB polyps ≥ 1 cm in size. Diagnosis is made by ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and, more precisely, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

A 62-year-old woman had 6 months of proximal weakness, fatigue and occasional diplopia, symptoms normally suggesting myasthenia gravis or inflammatory myopathy. Postexercise reflex facilitation is a bedside clinical sign that points to a diagnosis of the rarer alternative, Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS). We confirmed this diagnosis using electrodiagnostic short exercise testing and serum assay for voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies. Further investigation identified a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder, not previously associated with LEMS...

Most precursor lesions and early cancerous changes in the gallbladder and bile ducts present as clinically/grossly inapparent lesions. Low-grade dysplasia is difficult to define and clinically inconsequential by itself; however, extra sampling is required to exclude accompanying significant lesions. For high-grade dysplasia ('carcinoma in situ'), a complete sampling is necessary to rule out invasion. Tumoral intramucosal neoplasms (ie, intracholecystic and intraductal neoplasia) form radiologically/grossly visible masses, and they account for (present in the background of) about 5% to 10% of invasive cancers of the region...

Biliary tract malignant tumors account for about 3% of gastrointestinal malignancies. Based on anatomical location, biliary tract malignant tumors can be divided into gallbladder carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and distal cholangiocarcinoma. Surgical treatment is the main treatment for early-stage biliary malignant tumors, the insidious nature of the disease often leads to late diagnoses, causing many patients missing the window for surgical intervention. Gemcitabine combined with cisplatin serves as a first-line treatment for patients with advanced or unresectable lesions, however, a definitive standard for second-line treatment has not yet been established...

Biliary tract cancers (BTC), a rare and aggressive consortium of malignancies, consisting of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma. While most patients present with metastatic disease, a minority of patients with BTC are eligible for curative surgical resection at the time of presentation. However, these patients have poor 5-year overall survival rates and high rates of recurrence, necessitating the improvement of the neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment of BTC...

Heterotopic pancreas is defined as the presence of aberrant pancreatic tissue present outside the pancreas without connection to its neural, vascular, and anatomic location. The commonly seen locations are stomach, duodenum, jejunum, Meckel commonly seen locatio, and ampulla of Vater. The gallbladder is an extremely rare site for pancreatic heterotropia. Its association with adenocarcinoma has not been described yet. A case of 50-year-old male with pancreatic heterotropia along with carcinoma gallbladder is being presented here...

I am keenly interested in ultrasound diagnosis of the invasion depth of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) [...].

INTRODUCTION: Staging laparoscopy (SL) plays an important role in avoiding unnecessary non-therapeutic laparotomy in radiologically resectable hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) malignancy patients. The limitation of SL is to detect deep-seated malignancy. The addition of laparoscopic ultrasonography for identifying metastatic lesions or locally unresectable disease improves the diagnostic yield of SL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective, observational study was conducted in a single unit of the tertiary care centre between 2017 and 2019...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Ectopic liver tissue (ELT), a rare anomaly distinct from accessory liver, challenges conventional embryonic morphogenesis. Unlike the latter, ELT lacks a connection to the main liver, showcasing an unusual growth of normal liver tissue beyond its customary location. This peculiarity poses clinical and radiological challenges for surgeons throughout their careers, particularly during laparoscopic or open procedures. Elevated clinical significance arises from ELT's potential to progress into hepatocellular carcinoma, necessitating heightened awareness among surgeons...

Transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma consists of the selective release of chemotherapeutic agents in the tumor feeding arteries (and their subsequent occlusion) and presents a low risk of extrahepatic complications. However, the presence of anatomical variants of the celiac trunk is common and facilitates these complications by connecting the hepatic arterial vascularization with that of the surrounding organs. We present three clinical cases of extrahepatic ischemia in three different organs (esophagus, stomach and gallbladder) following transarterial chemoembolization in patients who presented one of these anatomical variants...

BACKGROUND: Aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) is associated with various pathophysiological processes, including cancer. Specifically, AOX1 has been demonstrated to have a close relationship with the progression of certain cancers. However, the expression, function, and mechanisms of action of AOX1 in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remain unclear. METHODS: Utilizing immunohistochemistry, the study quantified the prevalence of AOX1 within tissues of gallbladder carcinoma and those of the surrounding non-cancerous regions...