keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37791156/multimodal-management-of-febrile-infection-related-epilepsy-syndrome-in-a-17-year-old-male
#1
Erin E Bellingham, Caroline G Hammond, Hanna S Sahhar, Sami E Rishmawi
New-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) is a clinical presentation, not a specific diagnosis, in which healthy people are suddenly struck by prolonged seizures that do not respond to at least two anti-seizure drugs and do not have a clear structural, toxic, or metabolic cause.Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is considered a sub-category of NORSE. Our patient is a 17-year-old male admitted to the pediatric ward after a self-limited convulsive episode at home, noted to occur following five days of upper respiratory infection symptoms accompanied by fever...
August 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37493972/population-pharmacokinetics-of-oxcarbazepine-active-metabolite-in-chinese-children-with-epilepsy
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xingmeng Li, Shifeng Wei, Han Wu, Qiang Zhang, Zhigang Zhao, Shenghui Mei, Weixing Feng, Yun Wu
Oxcarbazepine (OXC) is an antiepileptic drug whose efficacy is largely attributed to its monohydroxy derivative metabolite (MHD). Nevertheless, there exists significant inter-individual variability in both the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic response of this drug. The objective of this study is to explore the impact of patients' characteristics and genetic variants on MHD clearance in a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of Chinese pediatric patients with epilepsy. The PPK model was developed using a nonlinear mixed effects modeling method based on 231 MHD plasma concentrations obtained from 185 children with epilepsy...
July 26, 2023: European Journal of Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37453291/recent-advances-in-neurometabolic-diseases-the-genetic-role-in-the-modern-era
#3
REVIEW
Ingrid Tein
The global birth prevalence of all inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) in children (49 studies, 1980-2017) is approximately 50.9/100,000 live births. Regional pooled birth prevalence showed higher rates in Eastern Mediterranean regions (75.7/100,000 live births) and highest in Saudi Arabia (169/100,000) with higher parental consanguinity rates of ∼60%. Case fatality rates globally are estimated to be 33% or higher. IEMs are a group of >600 heterogeneous disorders often presenting in newborns and infants with drug-resistant seizures and/or encephalopathy...
August 2023: Epilepsy & Behavior: E&B
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36823477/comparison-between-phenobarbitone-and-levetiracetam-as-the-initial-anticonvulsant-in-preterm-neonatal-seizures-a-pilot-randomized-control-trial-in-developing-country-setup
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gummalla Gyandeep, Sushree Smita Behura, Sanjay Kumar Sahu, Santosh Kumar Panda
This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous Levetiracetam and Phenobarbitone in the treatment of seizures in preterm neonates. It was an open-labeled, parallel randomized controlled trial conducted in a tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, India. Total 48 preterm neonates (28-36+6  weeks) with clinical seizures were randomized to receive either Levetiracetam (LEV; 40 mg/kg, then 20 mg/kg) or Phenobarbitone (PB; 15 mg/kg, then 10 mg/kg) intravenously as first loading dose in ratio 1:1; second loading was given for persistent seizure...
February 24, 2023: European Journal of Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36204434/effect-of-curcumin-on-pediatric-intractable-epilepsy
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mina Erfani, Farah Ashrafzadeh, Hamid Reza Rahimi, Seyed Ali Ebrahimi, Keivan Kalali, Mehran Beiraghi Toosi, Elnaz Faraji Rad
Objectives: Epilepsy is the most prevalent chronic neurologic disorder in children. One-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to antiepileptic drugs. This condition is known as intractable epilepsy. Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of curcumin in the treatment of epilepsy. There are no randomized controlled clinical trials assessing the use of curcumin in epilepsy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nanomicelle curcumin on intractable pediatric epilepsy...
2022: Iranian Journal of Child Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36054862/-tuberous-sclerosis-complex-diagnosis-and-current-treatment
#6
Alfredo Cerisola, Lucía Cibils, María Eugenia Chaibún, Virginia Pedemonte, Melania Rosas
Tuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant genetic multisystemic disorder caused primarily by mutations in one of the two tumor suppressor genes TSC1 or TSC2, resulting in increased activation of the mTOR pathway. Regarding clinical manifestations, a wide range of phenotypic variability exists, with symptoms constellations that may differ in affected organs (brain, skin, heart, eyes, kidneys, lungs), age of presentation and severity, but usually with great impact in biopsychosocial aspects of health and in quality of life...
August 30, 2022: Medicina
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36029267/responsive-neurostimulation-device-therapy-in-pediatric-patients-with-complex-medically-refractory-epilepsy
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara M Hartnett, Hansel M Greiner, Ravindra Arya, Jeffrey R Tenney, Gewalin Aungaroon, Katherine Holland, James L Leach, Ellen L Air, Jesse Skoch, Francesco T Mangano
OBJECTIVE: Pediatric epilepsy is characterized as drug resistant in 20%-30% of patients and defined as persistent seizures despite adequate treatment with two first-line antiepileptic medications. The American Academy of Neurology advocates surgical options earlier in the treatment of epilepsy to provide long-term seizure reduction. The new development of minimally invasive approaches has recently allowed for surgical options to patients not previously deemed surgical candidates. These may include patients with bilateral, deep, eloquent, or poorly localizing epileptogenic foci...
August 26, 2022: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35946083/progress-report-on-new-antiepileptic-drugs-a-summary-of-the-sixteenth-eilat-conference-on-new-antiepileptic-drugs-and-devices-eilat-xvi-i-drugs-in-preclinical-and-early-clinical-development
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meir Bialer, Svein I Johannessen, Matthias J Koepp, René H Levy, Emilio Perucca, Piero Perucca, Torbjörn Tomson, H Steve White
The Eilat Conferences have provided a forum for discussion of novel treatments of epilepsy among basic and clinical scientists, clinicians, and representatives from regulatory agencies as well as from the pharmaceutical industry for 3 decades. Initially with a focus on pharmacological treatments, the Eilat Conferences now also include sessions dedicated to devices for treatment and monitoring. The Sixteenth Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs and Devices (EILAT XVI) was held in Madrid, Spain, on May 22-25, 2022 and was attended by 157 delegates from 26 countries...
August 9, 2022: Epilepsia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35920856/potential-of-the-zebrafish-danio-rerio-embryo-test-to-discriminate-between-chemicals-of-similar-molecular-structure-a-study-with-valproic-acid-and-14-of-its-analogues
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katharina Brotzmann, Sylvia E Escher, Paul Walker, Thomas Braunbeck
Valproic acid is a frequently used antiepileptic drug and known pediatric hepatotoxic agent. In search of pharmaceuticals with increased effectiveness and reduced toxicity, analogue chemicals came into focus. So far, toxicity and teratogenicity data of drugs and metabolites have usually been collected from mammalian model systems such as mice and rats. However, in an attempt to reduce mammalian testing while maintaining the reliability of toxicity testing of new industrial chemicals and drugs, alternative test methods are being developed...
November 2022: Archives of Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35688962/assessment-of-asymmetric-dimethylarginine-and-homocysteine-in-epileptic-children-receiving-antiepileptic-drugs
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Asmaa A Mahmoud, Hesham M Aboelghar, Sabry Moawad Abdelmageed, Heba M Abdallah, Mohamed I Garib, Nahla M S Abd El Hady
BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a neurological disease that requires long-term antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The old generation of AEDs may affect serum homocysteine and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and disturb lipid levels. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum ADMA, homocysteine, lipid profile, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in epileptic children. METHODS: This study was implemented on 159 epileptic children who were subdivided into 3 subgroups, with 53 receiving sodium valproate, 53 receiving levetiracetam, and 53 receiving polytherapy, for over 6 months and 53 healthy children...
June 10, 2022: Pediatric Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35668937/improving-therapy-of-pharmacoresistant-epilepsies-the-role-of-fenfluramine
#11
REVIEW
Gianluca Dini, Eleonora Tulli, Giovanni Battista Dell'Isola, Elisabetta Mencaroni, Giuseppe Di Cara, Pasquale Striano, Alberto Verrotti
Epilepsy is among the most common neurological chronic disorders, with a prevalence of 0.5-1%. Despite the introduction of new antiepileptic drugs during recent years, about one third of the epileptic population remain drug-resistant. Hence, especially in the pediatric population limited by different pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and by ethical and regulatory issues it is needed to identify new therapeutic resources. New molecules initially used with other therapeutic indications, such as fenfluramine, are being considered for the treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsies, including Dravet Syndrome (DS) and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS)...
2022: Frontiers in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35546471/-controlling-carbohydrate-content-in-antiepileptic-medications-for-children-on-a-ketogenic-diet
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Silvia Martín Prado, Maite Pozas Del Río, Elvira Cañedo Villarroya, Consuelo Pedrón Giner
Introduction: patients who follow a ketogenic diet for the control of epileptic seizures must carry out a strict control of carbohydrates from the foods they eat and the medicines they are prescribed. In the initiation of a ketogenic diet and when a doctor prescribes a new medication, it is necessary to select the most appropriate pharmaceutical form so that the supply of excipients in the form of carbohydrates from the drugs is minimized. Objectives: the goal of the present paper was to compile a list of carbohydrate and caloric contents in antiepileptic drugs commonly used in pediatric neurology...
August 25, 2022: Nutrición Hospitalaria: Organo Oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35083515/effectiveness-of-zonisamide-in-childhood-refractory-epilepsy
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mahmut Aslan, Serdal Gungor
INTRODUCTION: Zonisamide (ZNS) is a new generation antiepileptic drug (AED) used in refractory epilepsy. This study assessed the effectiveness and reliability of ZNS in childhood refractory epilepsy. METHOD: Sixty-eight epilepsy patients who were followed up in the paediatric neurology clinic, between 2013 and 2019, and in whom add-on therapy ZNS had been added as their seizures had continued despite multiple drugs being used, were included in this retrospective study...
May 2022: Child's Nervous System: ChNS: Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35018175/electrical-status-epilepticus-during-slow-wave-sleep-eses-current-perspectives
#14
REVIEW
Pinar Arican, Pinar Gencpinar, Nihal Olgac Dundar, Hasan Tekgul
Electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep (ESES) is an epilepsy syndrome with sleep-induced epileptic discharges and acquired impairment of cognition or behavior. Since the disease's original description in 1971, no clear consensus has emerged on diagnostic criteria or optimal treatment. The treatment of ESES can be challenging, often including numerous antiepileptic drugs, immunomodulatory agents, and even surgical interventions. There is little evidence to guide treatment because only retrospective studies and case reports on the efficacy of treatment of ESES are present in literature...
2021: Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34976143/clinical-and-genomic-findings-in-brain-heterotopia-report-of-a-pediatric-patient-cohort-from-romania
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Magdalena Budisteanu, Sorina Mihaela Papuc, Alina Erbescu, Catrinel Iliescu, Maria Dobre, Diana Barca, Oana Tarta-Arsene, Cristina Motoescu, Alice Dica, Carmen Sandu, Cristina Anghelescu, Dana Craiu, Aurora Arghir
Brain heterotopia is a group of rare malformations with a heterogeneous phenotype, ranging from asymptomatic to a severe clinical picture (drug-resistant epilepsy, severe developmental delay). The etiology is multifactorial, including both genetic and environmental factors. In the present study, a cohort of 15 pediatric patients with brain heterotopia were investigated by clinical examination, electroencephalographic studies, brain imaging, and genomic tests. Most of the patients had epileptic seizures, often difficult to control with one antiepileptic drug; another frequent characteristic in the cohort was developmental delay or intellectual disability, in some cases associated with behavioral problems...
January 2022: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34941639/therapeutic-options-for-childhood-absence-epilepsy
#16
REVIEW
Victoria Elisa Rinaldi, Giuseppe Di Cara, Elisabetta Mencaroni, Alberto Verrotti
Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is a common pediatric generalized epileptic syndrome. Although it is traditionally considered as a benign self-limited condition, the apparent benign nature of this syndrome has been revaluated in recent years. This is mainly due to the increasing evidence that children with CAE can present invalidating neuropsychological comorbidities that will affect them up to adulthood. Moreover, a percentage of affected children can develop drug-resistant forms of CAE. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most recent studies and new concepts concerning CAE treatment, in particular concerning drug-resistant forms of CAE...
December 16, 2021: Pediatric Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34899152/-as3mt-polymorphism-a-risk-factor-for-epilepsy-susceptibility-and-adverse-drug-reactions-to-valproic-acid-and-oxcarbazepine-treatment-in-children-from-south-china
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaomei Fan, Yuna Chen, Jieluan Lu, Wenzhou Li, Xi Li, Huijuan Guo, Qing Chen, Yanxia Yang, Hanbing Xia
Epilepsy is a common neurologic disorder characterized by intractable seizures, involving genetic factors. There is a need to develop reliable genetic markers to predict the risk of epilepsy and design effective therapies. Arsenite methyltransferase (AS3MT) catalyzes the biomethylation of arsenic and hence regulates arsenic metabolism. AS3MT variation has been linked to the progression of various diseases including schizophrenia and attention deficit or hyperactivity disorder. Whether genetic polymorphism of AS3MT contributes to epilepsy remains unclear...
2021: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34816634/physiologically-based-pharmacokinetic-modeling-of-oxcarbazepine-and-levetiracetam-during-adjunctive-antiepileptic-therapy-in-children-and-adolescents
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jaydeep Sinha, Eleni Karatza, Daniel Gonzalez
Oxcarbazepine (OXZ) and levetiracetam (LEV) are two new generation anti-epileptic drugs, often co-administered in children with enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs). The anti-epileptic effect of OXZ and LEV are linked to the exposure of OXZ's active metabolite 10-monohydroxy derivative (MHD) and (the parent) LEV, respectively. However, little is known about the confounding effect of age and EIAEDs on the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of MHD and LEV. To address this knowledge gap, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling was performed in the PK-Sim software using literature data from children greater than or equal to 2 years of age...
February 2022: CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34799536/canadian-surveillance-study-of-complex-regional-pain-syndrome-in-children
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Krista Baerg, Susan M Tupper, Luan Manh Chu, Nicole Cooke, Bruce D Dick, Marie-Joëlle Doré-Bergeron, Sheri Findlay, Pablo M Ingelmo, Christine Lamontagne, Giulia Mesaroli, Tim F Oberlander, Raju Poolacherla, Adam Oscar Spencer, Jennifer Stinson, G Allen Finley
This study describes the minimum incidence of pediatric complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), clinical features, and treatments recommended by pediatricians and pain clinics in Canada. Participants in the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program reported new cases of CRPS aged 2 to 18 years monthly and completed a detailed case reporting questionnaire from September 2017 to August 2019. Descriptive analysis was completed, and the annual incidence of CRPS by sex and age groupings was estimated. A total of 198 cases were reported to the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program, and 168 (84...
June 1, 2022: Pain
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34794669/neurocysticercosis-in-children
#20
REVIEW
Montida Veeravigrom, Lunliya Thampratankul
Neurocysticercosis is one of the most common parasitic infections in the central nervous system in children. The usual clinical manifestation is new-onset focal seizure. However, there are other multiple clinical manifestations, such as increased intracranial pressure, meningoencephalitis, spinal cord syndrome, and blindness. The diagnosis needs high index of suspicion with clinical history, physical examination, neuroimaging, and immunologic studies. Recent advances in neuroimaging and serology facilitate the accurate diagnosis...
February 2022: Pediatric Clinics of North America
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