Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome

Meningeal lesions can be caused by various conditions and pose diagnostic challenges. The authors review the anatomy of the meninges in the brain and spinal cord to provide a better understanding of the localization and extension of these diseases and summarize the clinical and imaging features of various conditions that cause dural and/or leptomeningeal enhancing lesions. These conditions include infectious meningitis (bacterial, tuberculous, viral, and fungal), autoimmune diseases (vasculitis, connective tissue diseases, autoimmune meningoencephalitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, neuro-Behçet syndrome, Susac syndrome, and sarcoidosis), primary and secondary tumors (meningioma, diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor, melanocytic tumors, and lymphoma), tumorlike diseases (histiocytosis and immunoglobulin G4-related diseases), medication-induced diseases (immune-related adverse effects and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome), and other conditions (spontaneous intracranial hypotension, amyloidosis, and moyamoya disease)...

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by bilateral granulomatous uveitis, and it is one of the common uveitis entities causing blindness in China. The clinical manifestations of VKH disease vary significantly at different stages. Most patients can achieve a complete control of the uveitis and good visual prognosis if appropriate treatment is initiated. Therefore, an extensive investigation and literature review on this disease have been performed by the experts in the Uveitis and Ocular Immunology Group of Chinese Ophthalmologist Association and the Ocular Immunology Group of Ophthalmology Society of Chinese Medical Association...

The objective of this research is to identify and systematize the medical conditions generated by SARS-CoV-2 on the optic nerve and retina of young, adult, and elderly adults who suffered from COVID-19 in the period 2019-2022. A theoretical documentary review (TDR) was conducted within the framework of an investigation to determine the current state of knowledge of the subject under study. The TDR includes the analysis of publications in the scientific databases PubMed/Medline, Ebsco, Scielo and Google. A total of 167 articles were found, of which 56 were studied in depth, and these evidence the impact of COVID-19 infection on the retina and optic nerve of infected patients, both during the acute phase and in subsequent recovery...

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The objective of this research is to identify and systematize the medical conditions generated by SARS-CoV-2 on the optic nerve and retina of young, adult, and elderly adults who suffered from COVID-19 in the period 2019-2022. A theoretical documentary review (TDR) was conducted within the framework of an investigation to determine the current state of knowledge of the subject under study. The TDR includes the analysis of publications in the scientific databases PubMed/Medline, Ebsco, Scielo and Google. A total of 167 articles were found, of which 56 were studied in depth, and these evidence the impact of COVID-19 infection on the retina and optic nerve of infected patients, both during the acute phase and in subsequent recovery...

PURPOSE: To report the outcome of surgical intervention for inflammatory, exudative retinal detachment (ERD). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of eyes with ERD that underwent vitrectomy. RESULTS: Twelve eyes (10 patients) with ERD, non-responsive to medical therapy, underwent vitrectomy. The mean age was 35.7 ± 17.7 years. Five eyes (42%) had Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, three (25%) had presumed tuberculosis (TB), two (17%) pars planitis, and one (8%) had sympathetic ophthalmia...

BACKGROUND: Uveitis and posterior scleritis are sight-threatening diseases with undefined pathogenesis and accurate diagnosis remains challenging. METHODS: Two plasma-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) subpopulations, small and large EVs, obtained from patients with ankylosing spondylitis-related uveitis, Behcet's disease uveitis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, and posterior scleritis were subjected to proteomics analysis alongside plasma using SWATH-MS. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was performed on the proteomic profiles of sEVs, lEVs, and plasma...

Checkpoint inhibition targeting programmed cell-death protein 1 has demonstrated efficacy for a wide range of indications including cutaneous malignancy. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including infrequent but visually impactful ocular irAEs, require careful consideration of treatment options, including medication withdrawal, local corticosteroids, or rarely immunomodulation. This case presents a 53-year-old woman who developed uveitis and mucous membrane ulcers after treatment for numerous cutaneous neoplasms, primarily squamous cell carcinoma, with the programmed cell-death protein 1 inhibitor cemiplimab...

BACKGROUND: Currently, large populations have been vaccinated against COVID-19. The whole inactivated Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine has been the main available COVID-19 vaccine in Iran. Ocular inflammatory reactions have been reported following vaccination. The present case reports aim to introduce four cases of uveitis after the Sinopharm vaccine administration. CASE PRESENTATION: Our first reported case is a 38-year-old woman with a positive medical history of inactive ulcerative colitis...

PURPOSE: Following the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, different vaccines were developed and approved by the main medical authorities under emergency protocol regulations. Although highly effective and well-tolerated in most patients, vaccines can uncommonly cause ocular adverse effects. In this article, the current evidence related to vaccine-associated uveitis is reviewed. METHODS: A literature review of uveitis post various SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations...

PURPOSE: The study aims to determine the impact of initial management in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKHS). METHODS: Patients diagnosed with a VKHS between January 2001 and December 2020 in two French tertiary centers were included in a retrospective study. RESULTS: Fifty patients were included with a median duration of follow-up of 29.8 months. All patients received oral prednisone after methylprednisolone in all but four of them...

UNLABELLED: Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is classified as a part of the spectrum of the white dot syndromes affecting the inner choroid and the outer retina. It is usually bilateral and affects young patients between the second and fourth decades. The authors report an unusual case of unilateral APMPPE mimicking Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease where the fundus fluorescein angiography was instrumental in confirming the diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 35-year-old male presented with decreased visual acuity in the right eye for 3 days...

This case demonstrates the dilemma in the diagnosis of ocular syphilis, as it can mimic many other ocular conditions where initial steroid therapy might complicate the disease course and can worsen the infection. Also, it represents an example of anchoring bias, where a provisional diagnosis resulted in unnecessary treatment that would have worsened her clinical outcomes.

PURPOSE: The use of immunomodulatory therapy in the setting of coexistence of uveitis and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remains controversial. We report a case of COVID-19 during systemic steroid therapy for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH). CASE REPORT: A 43-year-old female was diagnosed with VKH and started on steroid pulse therapy (1,000 mg/day) followed by high-dose oral corticosteroids. Two weeks after discharge from the hospital, she was readmitted to the intensive care unit with severe acute respiratory syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by PCR test, and fortunately both VKH and COVID-19-induced respiratory disease improved...

Vitiligo is a disorder characterized by loss of epidermal melanocytes, resulting in depigmented macules and patches. While the relationship between ocular pathology and vitiligo has been demonstrated in conditions such as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada and Alezzandrini syndromes, the ocular associations of non-syndromic vitiligo are incompletely understood. We conducted a systematic review to comprehensively describe the structural and functional changes seen in the eyes of patients with vitiligo, to identify patients at heightened risk for ocular disease, and to provide an approach to management of ocular manifestations of vitiligo...

To report a case of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) in a 27-year-old male 2 weeks proceeding COVID-19 infection onset. Severe complications of VKH can be avoided by early diagnosis and adequate treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. It is possible that COVID-19 was a potential immunological trigger of VKH in our patient.

BACKGROUND: Vogt‒Koyanagi‒Harada (VKH) disease is a multifactorial systemic autoimmune disorder against melanocytes that is characterized by panuveitis. Familial occurrence of VKH disease is rare. Here, we report two cases of a father and his son with characteristic manifestations of VKH disease. CASE PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old male with typical clinical symptoms of VKH disease was referred to Tangshan Eye Hospital. Examination showed the presence of ciliochoroidal effusion and exudative retinal detachment in both eyes...

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKHS) is a rare inflammatory autoimmune condition that affects tissues with high melanocyte concentrations such as the skin, inner ears, eyes, and central nervous system. VKHS has previously been reported to be associated with various autoimmune diseases, but we have observed the first known co-occurrence of VKHS and lichen planus (LP). In this report, we examine the similarities between these two diseases and discuss how they relate to each other.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of bilateral diffuse melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) that was mistaken for nivolumab-induced Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like syndrome. METHODS: We present the case of a 58-year-old Caucasian male with metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma for which he was palliatively treated with intravenous nivolumab immunotherapy. Patient developed subacute onset of blurry vision and grey spots in the visual fields of both eyes, macular subretinal fluid, thickening of the RPE and swollen optic nerve heads...

PURPOSE: To characterize the ocular inflammatory side effects associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) treatment in a Northern California population. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS: Patients receiving CPI within an integrated healthcare delivery system. METHODS: All patients within Kaiser Permanente Northern California receiving CPI between January 1, 2012 and November 1, 2018 were identified...