angle I

Quantum computing requires a universal set of gate operations; regarding gates as rotations, any rotation angle must be possible. However a real device may only be capable of B bits of resolution, i.e., it might support only 2^{B} possible variants of a given physical gate. Naive discretization of an algorithm's gates to the nearest available options causes coherent errors, while decomposing an impermissible gate into several allowed operations increases circuit depth. Conversely, demanding higher B can greatly complexify hardware...

PURPOSE: Accurate assessment of the knee joint line is essential for surgeries involving the knee. The knee joint line obliquity (KJLO) is a radiological measurement that evaluates the position of the knee joint relative to the ground and is frequently used in preoperative planning and clinical follow-up. On the other hand, coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) classifications assesses the joint line as the summation of the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA)...

In order to optimize machined surface topography, this paper presents a novel algorithm for simulating the surface topography and predicting the surface roughness of a ball-end milling process. First, a discrete workpiece model was developed using the Z-map method, and the swept surface of a cutter edge was represented using triangular approximation. The workpiece surface was updated (i.e., material removal process) using the intersection between the vertical reference line and the triangular facet under a cutting judgement...

Malocclusions have a continuously increasing prevalence from one generation to another as a result of climate change, soil, atmosphere, and water pollution. All of these aspects have unfavorable consequences for the nutritional scheme. Thus, nutrition, together with other etiopathogenic factors, contributes to complex alterations in the somatic development of the entire organism and, implicitly, of the cephalic extremity. The study group included 4147 children from randomly selected schools from Vâlcea County, Romania...

Multimodal sensors capture and integrate diverse characteristics of a scene to maximize information gain. In optics, this may involve capturing intensity in specific spectra or polarization states to determine factors such as material properties or an individual's health conditions. Combining multimodal camera data with shape data from 3D sensors is a challenging issue. Multimodal cameras, e.g., hyperspectral cameras, or cameras outside the visible light spectrum, e.g., thermal cameras, lack strongly in terms of resolution and image quality compared with state-of-the-art photo cameras...

BACKGROUND: Foot deformities (e.g. planovalgus and cavovarus) are very common in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP), with the midfoot often being involved. Dynamic foot function can be assessed with 3D gait analysis including a multi-segment foot model. Incorporating a midfoot segment in such a model, allows quantification of separate Chopart and Lisfranc joint kinematics. Yet, midfoot kinematics have not previously been reported in CP. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: What is the difference in multi-segment kinematics including midfoot joints between common foot deformities in CP and typically-developing feet? METHODS: 103 feet of 57 children with spastic CP and related conditions were retrospectively included and compared with 15 typically-developing children...

BACKGROUND: The effect of anti-osteoporosis treatment in elderly patients with osteoporosis and lumbar discectomy and fusion (LIF) for lumbar degenerative diseases is not well known. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of perioperative anti-osteoporosis treatment in the patients with osteoporosis and LIF. METHODS: From January to December 2022, patients were divided into three groups according to the inclusive criteria: the normal group (Group A), the osteopenia group (Group B) and the osteoporosis group (Group C)...

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are responsible for removing cholesterol from arterial walls, through a process known as reverse cholesterol transport. The main protein in HDL, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), is essential to this process, and changes in its sequence significantly alter HDL structure and functions. ApoA-I amyloidogenic variants, associated with a particular hereditary degenerative disease, are particularly effective at facilitating cholesterol removal, thus protecting carriers from cardiovascular disease...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To determine early continence outcomes after three-layer vesicourethral reconstruction during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and the role of postoperative cystography pattern. METHODS: Between May 2015 and January 2019, a total of 170 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent RARP, were divided into one- and three-layer groups based on the method of vesicourethral reconstruction. Continent status, preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, clinicopathological variables, and cystography parameters were analyzed...

The ideal femoral tunnel passing through the centre of the femoral neck targeted to the footprint of the ligamentum teres (LT) is established during the LT reconstruction surgery with the free-hand technique. We aimed to quantitatively determine the entry site and define the angular orientation of the ideal femoral tunnel with its relevance to the femoral valgus angle (FVA) and the femoral anteversion angle (FAA) to facilitate the creation of an ideal femoral tunnel during the LT reconstruction surgery. A total of 60 randomly selected CT images were obtained to reconstruct three-dimensional femur models...

Objective  The Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire for Scoliosis (BIDQ-S) for scoliosis derives from the Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ) with specific adaptation for scoliosis patients. Despite its significance and applicability, this instrument has never been translated into Brazilian Portuguese. The current study aimed to translate, transculturally adapt, and validate the BIDQ-S into Brazilian Portuguese. Methods  BIDQ-S was translated and culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese using the American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) criteria...

AdipoRon is an adiponectin receptor 1, 2 (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) agonist with potential antifibrotic effects. Whether AdipoRon can mitigate joint stiffness in a rabbit model of arthrofibrosis is unknown. We examined the efficacy of intravenous (IV) AdipoRon at mitigating contracture in a rabbit model of knee arthrofibrosis. Fifty-six female New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three dosing groups: vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO), 2.5 mg/kg AdipoRon, and 5 mg/kg AdipoRon. AdipoRon, in DMSO, was administered IV preoperatively and for 5 days postoperatively (30 rabbits, Aim 1)...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the association between arm elevation and neck/shoulder pain, and trunk forwarding bending and low back pain among home care workers. METHODS: Home care workers (N = 116) from 11 home care units in Trondheim, Norway, filled in pain assessment and working hours questionnaire, and wore 3 accelerometers for up to 7 consecutive days. Work time was partitioned into upright awkward posture, nonawkward posture, and nonupright time, i...

Reaction dynamics on the ground electronic state might be significantly influenced by conical intersections (CIs) via the geometric phase (GP), as demonstrated for activated reactions (i.e., the H + H2 exchange reaction). However, there have been few investigations of GP effects in complex-forming reactions. Here, we report a full quantum dynamical study of an important reaction in combustion (H + O2 → OH + O), which serves as a proving ground for studying GP effects therein. The results reveal significant differences in reaction probabilities and differential cross sections (DCSs) obtained with and without GP, underscoring its strong impact...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively assess changes in bovine flexor tendons before and after collagen degradation and at different angles in relation to the static B0 field using 3-dimensional ultra-short echo time (UTE) magnetization transfer (MT) imaging within a clinically feasible acquisition time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight bovine flexor tendons were examined at 3 T magnetic resonance imaging including 3-dimensional UTE MT and UTE T2* research application sequences (acquired within 4:04 and 6:38 minutes, respectively) before and after enzyme-induced degradation...

BACKGROUND: Prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) may be due to jaw or tooth position or both. The upper jaw (maxilla) can be too far back or the lower jaw (mandible) too far forward; the upper front teeth (incisors) may be tipped back or the lower front teeth tipped forwards. Orthodontic treatment uses different types of braces (appliances) fitted inside or outside the mouth (or both) and fixed to the teeth. A facemask is the most commonly reported non-surgical intervention used to correct Class III malocclusion...

BACKGROUND: Various clinical studies performed in adults have shown the relationship between craniofacial morphology and masticatory muscle function. However, the growth of the masticatory muscle has not received such attention, when compared with the volume of studies on the skeletal growth of face. With this background and considering the widespread use of ultrasonography (USG), the following study was undertaken to provide some insights into the relationship between muscle and bone and facial morphology...

We theoretically study the crossed Andreev reflection (CAR) of the normal mental-superconductor-normal mental (NSN) heterojunction based on Kekulé-Y patterned graphene with two doping types of the right region, i.e., nSn and nSp configurations. It is found that the enhanced CAR is more likely to occur in the nSp configuration rather than the nSn configuration. To be concrete, the almost perfect CAR occurs in a large range of incident angle in the single Dirac cone phase when the incident energy is inside the gap of the nonlinear band...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In the current work, we present a descriptive fluid-structure interaction computational study of the end-to-side radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula. This allows us to account for the different thicknesses and elastic properties of the radial artery and cephalic vein. METHODS: The core of the work consists in simulating different arteriovenous fistula configurations obtained by virtually varying the anastomosis angle, i.e. the angle between the end of the cephalic vein and the side of the radial artery...

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To study the clinical anatomy of the pulmonary ligaments of young people. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The study was carried out when performing 28 autopsies of young people aged 25 to 44 years. Methods of dissection of chest organocomplexes, macro-microscopy, morphometry and planimetry, and statistical processing were used. The shape and topography of the pulmonary ligaments was assessed, their area, the localization of lymph nodes was examined...