keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530799/regional-european-genetic-ancestry-predicts-type-i-interferon-level-and-risk-of-severe-viral-infection
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ilona Nln, Justine Shum, Yogita Ghodke-Puranik, Regine Tipon, Danielle Triese, Shreyasee Amin, Ashima Makol, Thomas Osborn, Vaidehi Chowdhary, Uma Thanarajasingam, Theresa L Wampler Muskardin, Vilija Oke, Iva Gunnarsson, Agneta Zickert, Maria I Zervou, Dimitrios T Boumpas, Elisabet Svenungsson, George N Goulielmos, Timothy B Niewold
BACKGROUND: Viral infection outcomes vary widely between individuals, ranging from mild symptoms to severe organ failure and death, and it is clear that host genetic factors play a role in this variability. Type I interferon (IFN) is a critical anti-viral cytokine, and we have previously noted differences in type I IFN levels between world populations. METHODS: In this study, we investigate the interrelationship between regional European genetic ancestry, type I IFN levels, and severe viral infection outcomes...
March 26, 2024: QJM: Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530429/insights-into-the-mitochondrial-cytochrome-oxidase-i-mt-coi-gene-and-wing-morphometrics-of-anopheles-baimaii-diptera-culicidae-in-malaria-endemic-islands-of-thailand
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sedthapong Laojun, Tanasak Changbunjong, Tanawat Chaiphongpachara
Anopheles baimaii (Diptera: Culicidae) significantly contributes to the transmission of parasites causing malaria in Southeast Asia and South Asia. This study examined the morphological (wing shape) and molecular (mitochondrial gene) variations of An. baimaii in four of Thailand's border islands, and also investigated the presence of Plasmodium parasites in these mosquitoes. No Plasmodium infections were detected in the samples. Significant differences in wing shape were observed in most island populations (p < 0...
March 26, 2024: Parasitology Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530103/prevalence-of-bacterial-codetection-and-outcomes-for-infants-intubated-for-respiratory-infections
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Todd Karsies, Steven L Shein, Franco Diaz, Pablo Vasquez-Hoyos, Robin Alexander, Steven Pon, Sebastián González-Dambrauskas
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of respiratory bacterial codetection in children younger than 2 years intubated for acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), primarily viral bronchiolitis, and identify the association of codetection with mechanical ventilation duration. DESIGN: Prospective observational study evaluating the prevalence of bacterial codetection (moderate/heavy growth of pathogenic bacterial plus moderate/many polymorphonuclear neutrophils) and the impact of codetection on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) duration...
March 26, 2024: Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530012/epitope-s-involving-amino-acids-of-the-fusion-loop-of-japanese-encephalitis-virus-envelope-protein-is-are-important-to-elicit-protective-immunity
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yi-Chin Fan, Jo-Mei Chen, Yi-Ying Chen, Yuan-Dun Ke, Gwong-Jen J Chang, Shyan-Song Chiou
UNLABELLED: Dengue vaccine candidates have been shown to improve vaccine safety and efficacy by altering the residues or accessibility of the fusion loop on the virus envelope protein domain II (DIIFL ) in an ex vivo animal study. The current study aimed to comprehensively investigate the impact of DIIFL mutations on the antigenicity, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) virus-like particles (VLPs) in mice. We found the DIIFL G106K/L107D (KD) and W101G/G106K/L107D (GKD) mutations altered the binding activity of JEV VLP to cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies but had no effect on their ability to elicit total IgG antibodies in mice...
March 26, 2024: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529911/hematopoietic-cell-kinase-as-a-nexus-for-drug-repurposing-implications-for-cancer-and-hiv-therapy
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad, Abdulrhman Alsayari, Shadma Wahab, Subhash Chandra
Hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) has emerged as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in cancer and HIV infection because of its critical role in critical signaling pathways. Repurposing FDA-approved drugs offers an efficient strategy to identify new treatment options. Here, we address the need for novel therapies in cancer and HIV by investigating the potential of repurposed drugs against HCK. Our goal was to identify promising drug candidates with high binding affinities and specific interactions within the HCK binding pocket...
March 26, 2024: Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529472/the-role-of-transcriptional-regulators-in-metal-ion-homeostasis-of-mycobacterium-tuberculosis
#6
REVIEW
Shuxian Wang, Ren Fang, Hui Wang, Xiaotian Li, Jiayin Xing, Zhaoli Li, Ningning Song
Metal ions are essential trace elements for all living organisms and play critical catalytic, structural, and allosteric roles in many enzymes and transcription factors. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), as an intracellular pathogen, is usually found in host macrophages, where the bacterium can survive and replicate. One of the reasons why Tuberculosis (TB) is so difficult to eradicate is the continuous adaptation of its pathogen. It is capable of adapting to a wide range of harsh environmental stresses, including metal ion toxicity in the host macrophages...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529320/single-cell-analysis-of-lung-lymphatic-endothelial-cells-and-lymphatic-responses-during-influenza-infection
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jian Ge, Hongxia Shao, Hongxu Ding, Yuefeng Huang, Xuebing Wu, Jie Sun, Jianwen Que
Tissue lymphatic vessels network plays critical roles in immune surveillance and tissue homeostasis in response to pathogen invasion, but how lymphatic system per se is remolded during infection is less understood. Here, we observed that influenza infection induces a significant increase of lymphatic vessel numbers in the lung, accompanied with extensive proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Single-cell RNA sequencing illustrated the heterogeneity of LECs, identifying a novel PD-L1+ subpopulation that is present during viral infection but not at steady state...
March 2024: J Respir Biol Transl Med
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529316/impact-of-covid-status-and-blood-group-on-complications-in-patients-in-hemorrhagic-shock
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jason Bradley Brill, Krislynn M Mueck, Madeline E Cotton, Brian Tang, Mariela Sandoval, Lillian S Kao, Bryan A Cotton
OBJECTIVE: Among critically injured patients of various blood groups, we sought to compare survival and complication rates between COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative cohorts. BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 infections have been shown to cause endothelial injury and dysfunctional coagulation. We hypothesized that, among patients with trauma in hemorrhagic shock, COVID-19-positive status would be associated with increased mortality and inpatient complications. As a secondary hypothesis, we suspected group O patients with COVID-19 would experience fewer complications than non-group O patients with COVID-19...
2024: Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528605/coordinated-activation-of-dnmt3a-and-tet2-in-cancer-stem-cell-like-cells-initiates-and-sustains-drug-resistance-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tao Cheng, Changli Zhou, Sicheng Bian, Kelsey Sobeck, Yahui Liu
BACKGROUND: Resistance to targeted therapies represents a significant hurdle to successfully treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While epigenetic abnormalities are critical determinants of HCC relapse and therapeutic resistance, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We aimed to address whether and how dysregulated epigenetic regulators have regulatory and functional communications in establishing and maintaining drug resistance. METHODS: HCC-resistant cells were characterized by CCK-8, IncuCyte Live-Cell analysis, flow cytometry and wound-healing assays...
March 25, 2024: Cancer Cell International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528584/potential-use-of-proprotein-convertase-subtilisin-kexin-type-9-pcsk9-inhibition-and-prevention-method-in-viral-infection
#10
REVIEW
Khursheed Muzammil, Mohammad Hosseini Hooshiar, Shirin Varmazyar, Thabit Moath Omar, Manal Morad Karim, Sadeq Aadi, Shaylan Kalavi, Saman Yasamineh
Cellular lipid membranes serve as the primary barrier preventing viral infection of the host cell and provide viruses with a critical initial point of contact. Occasionally, viruses can utilize lipids as viral receptors. Viruses depend significantly on lipid rafts for infection at virtually every stage of their life cycle. The pivotal role that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) plays in cholesterol homeostasis and atherosclerosis, primarily by post-transcriptionally regulating hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and promoting its lysosomal degradation, has garnered increasing interest...
March 25, 2024: Microbial Cell Factories
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528570/project-chariot-study-protocol-for-a-hybrid-type-1-effectiveness-implementation-study-of-comprehensive-tele-harm-reduction-for-engagement-of-people-who-inject-drugs-in-hiv-prevention-services
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tyler S Bartholomew, Marina Plesons, David P Serota, Elizabeth Alonso, Lisa R Metsch, Daniel J Feaster, Jessica Ucha, Edward Suarez, David W Forrest, Teresa A Chueng, Katrina Ciraldo, Jimmie Brooks, Justin D Smith, Joshua A Barocas, Hansel E Tookes
BACKGROUND: People who inject drugs (PWID) remain a high priority population under the federal Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative with 11% of new HIV infections attributable to injection drug use. There is a critical need for innovative, efficacious, scalable, and community-driven models of healthcare in non-stigmatizing settings for PWID. We seek to test a Comprehensive-TeleHarm Reduction (C-THR) intervention for HIV prevention services delivered via a syringe services program (SSP)...
March 25, 2024: Addiction Science & Clinical Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527779/epidemiology-and-disease-burden-of-respiratory-syncytial-virus-infection-in-adults
#12
REVIEW
Taeeun Kim, Sang-Ho Choi
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) constitutes a significant cause of respiratory illness and mortality among older adults, a demographic that is expanding with considerable impact on healthcare systems worldwide. The actual burden of RSV in this population may still be underestimated, owing to factors such as low awareness and suboptimal diagnostic sensitivity in adults, the lack of robust RSV surveillance systems, and the infrequent use of diagnostic testing. Recent advancements in respiratory virus detection have spurred further exploration into appropriate preventive and therapeutic strategies...
March 12, 2024: Infection & Chemotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527502/-clinical-characteristics-of-hospitalized-children-with-respiratory-syncytial-virus-infection-and-risk-prediction-of-severe-illness-during-the-post-covid-19-era-in-kunming
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
H F Liu, Q L Feng, R W Huang, T Y Yuan, M Z Sui, P L Li, K Liu, F Li, Y Li, L Jiang, H M Fu
Objective: To compare the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hospitalized children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in Kunming among the pre-and post-COVID-19 era, and to establish a prediction model for severe RSV infection in children during the post-COVID-19 period. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from 959 children hospitalized with RSV infection in the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Kunming Children's Hospital during January to December 2019 and January to December 2023...
March 25, 2024: Zhonghua Er Ke za Zhi. Chinese Journal of Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527065/the-effectiveness-of-community-health-worker-training-equipping-and-deployment-in-reducing-covid-19-infections-and-deaths-in-rural-western-kenya-a-comparison-of-two-counties
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Neema Kaseje, Kennedy Oruenjo, Dan Kaseje, Meghna Ranganathan, Marcel Tanner, Andy Haines
COVID-19 and other pandemics remain significant threats to population health, particularly in rural settings where health systems are disproportionately weak. There is a lack of evidence on whether trained, equipped, and deployed community health workers (CHWs) can lead to significant reductions in COVID-19 infections and deaths. Our objective was to measure the effectiveness of deploying trained and equipped CHWs in reducing COVID-19 infections and deaths by comparing outcomes in two counties in rural Western Kenya, a setting with limited critical care capacity and limited access to COVID-19 vaccines and oral COVID-19 antivirals...
2024: PLOS Glob Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527000/effect-of-community-based-newborn-care-implementation-strategies-on-access-to-and-effective-coverage-of-possible-serious-bacterial-infection-psbi-treatment-for-sick-young-infants-during-covid-19-pandemic
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gizachew Tadele Tiruneh, Nebreed Fesseha, Dessalew Emaway, Wuleta Betemariam, Tsinuel Girma Nigatu, Hema Magge, Lisa Ruth Hirschhorn
BACKGROUND: In Ethiopia, neonatal mortality is persistently high. The country has been implementing community-based treatment of possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) in young infants when referral to a hospital is not feasible since 2012. However, access to and quality of PSBI services remained low and were worsened by COVID-19. From November 2020 to June 2022, we conducted implementation research to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and improve PSBI management implementation uptake and delivery in two woredas in Ethiopia...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526789/quantitative-and-standardized-pseudovirus-neutralization-assay-for-covid-19
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jerilyn R Izac, Edward J Kwee, Adolfas Gaigalas, Lili Wang
COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus. Efforts to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection include mass vaccination and development of monoclonal and convalescent plasma therapeutics that require precise measurements of correlative, functional neutralizing antibodies that prevent virus infection. Developing rapid, safe, easy-to-use, and high-quality neutralization assays are essential for the success of the massive effort. Here, we developed a vesicular stomatitis virus-based neutralization assay that was capable of quantifying varying degrees of neutralization in patient serum samples...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526649/the-evolution-of-preexisting-primary-immune-thrombocytopenia-after-covid-19-onset-a-nationally-representative-prospective-multicentre-observational-study
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Haixia Fu, Xuan Cai, Lijuan Cui, Weixia Nong, Wenqian Li, Heng Mei, Tonghua Yang, Han Yue, Qiusha Huang, Zhuoyu An, Yejun Wu, Xiaojun Huang, Xiaohui Zhang
The symptoms in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) after COVID-19 onset remain largely unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the platelet count fluctuations in ITP patients following the diagnosis of COVID-19. A prospective multicentre observational study was conducted from December 15th, 2022, to January 31st, 2023 in 39 general hospitals across China. Patients with preexisting primary ITP who were newly diagnosed with COVID-19 were enrolled. A total of 1216 ITP patients with newly-diagnosed COVID-19 were enrolled...
March 25, 2024: Annals of Hematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526563/scabies-infection-while-expressing-human-milk-for-critically-ill-infants-is-it-safe
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel Chan, Adrienne E Hoyt-Austin
Background: Scabies infections of the breast in lactating individuals are not well described, especially how maternal infection can impact human milk feeding of hospitalized infants in the intensive care setting. Methods: This case report presents a critically ill female infant with a complex surgical history whose mother had an active scabies infection around the breast postpartum and wished to provide expressed human milk. Results: In this case report, human milk was recommended despite maternal scabies infection...
March 22, 2024: Breastfeeding Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525674/clinical-laboratory-equipment-manufacturers-lack-of-guidance-for-high-consequence-pathogen-response-is-a-critical-weakness
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aurora B Le, Claire E Figi, Jocelyn J Herstein, Peter C Iwen, Sean A Buehler, John J Lowe, Shawn G Gibbs
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 25, 2024: Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525636/an-outbreak-within-an-outbreak-the-impact-of-infection-prevention-and-control-strategies-on-hospital-acquired-infections-and-the-occurrence-of-multi-drug-resistant-organisms-during-the-covid-19-pandemic
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
B Mashigo, A Parker, U Lalla, B W Allwood, M S Moolla, T Lovelock, C F N Koegelenberg
BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic placed an unprecedented strain on intensive care units (ICUs) in South Africa. Infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies were highlighted to minimise the risk to healthcare workers and for the protection of patients from contracting hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). During the third wave, our institution adopted a shift system to address severe burnout among ICU personnel. We noted an upstroke in the occurrence of HAIs, specifically carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii...
December 4, 2023: South African Medical Journal
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