keyword
Keywords tuberculosis, HIV, Internal me...

tuberculosis, HIV, Internal medicine, Infectious diseases

https://read.qxmd.com/read/35101171/genetic-predisposition-and-the-variable-course-of-infectious-diseases
#21
REVIEW
Axel Schmidt, Ana M Groh, Julia S Frick, Maria J G T Vehreschild, Kerstin U Ludwig
BACKGROUND: Contact with a pathogen is followed by variable courses of infectious disease, which are only partly explicable by classical risk factors. The susceptibility to infection is variable, as is the course of disease after infection. In this review, we discuss the extent to which this variation is due to genetic factors of the affected individual (the host). METHODS: Selective review of the literature on host genetics in infectious disease, with special attention to the pathogens SARSCoV- 2, influenza viruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)...
February 25, 2022: Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34728344/ultra-long-acting-xla-antivirals-for-chronic-viral-hepatitis
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vicente Soriano, Carmen Alvarez, Benson Edagwa, Carmen de Mendoza, Noemí Montoya, Ana Treviño, Howard Gendelman
Viral hepatitis is among the top four causes of mortality globally, causing 1.4 million deaths each year, exceeding tuberculosis, malaria and human immunodeficiency virus. Hepatitis B and C are responsible for 90% of hepatitis deaths, and the remaining 10% are caused by other hepatitis viruses. The annual number of deaths from hepatitis C is declining, whereas the numbers of deaths from hepatitis B and D are increasing. Hepatitis B alone represents the seven highest cause of mortality worldwide. Spurred on by development of curative antivirals for hepatitis C and expanding access to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination, the World Health Organization has committed to eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030...
January 2022: International Journal of Infectious Diseases: IJID
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34713822/cause-of-hospitalization-and-death-in-the-antiretroviral-era-in-sub-saharan-africa-published-2008-2018-a-systematic-review
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manimani Riziki Ghislain, Gloire-Aime Aganze Mushebenge, Nombulelo Magula
BACKGROUND: Worldwide despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome still causes morbidity and mortality among patients. In Sub-Saharan Africa, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome remains a major public health concern. The aim of this study was to identify the causes of morbidity and mortality in the modern antiretroviral therapy era in Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines...
October 29, 2021: Medicine (Baltimore)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34634773/relative-burdens-of-the-covid-19-malaria-tuberculosis-and-hiv-aids-epidemics-in-sub-saharan-africa
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David Bell, Kristian Schultz Hansen
COVID-19 has had considerable global impact; however, in sub-Saharan Africa, it is one of several infectious disease priorities. Prioritization is normally guided by disease burden, but the highly age-dependent nature of COVID-19 and that of other infectious diseases make comparisons challenging unless considered through metrics that incorporate life-years lost and time lived with adverse health. Therefore, we compared the 2020 mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost estimates for malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan African populations with more than 12 months of COVID-19 burden (until the end of March 2021) by applying known age-related mortality to United Nations estimates of the age structure...
October 11, 2021: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34603945/demographics-and-clinical-characteristics-of-hospitalised-patients-under-investigation-for-covid-19-with-an-initial-negative-sars-cov-2-pcr-test-result
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D J van Hoving, N Hattingh, S K Pillay, T Lockey, D J McAlpine, K Nieuwenhuys, E Erasmus
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is placing abnormally high and ongoing demands on healthcare systems. Little is known about the full effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on diseases other than COVID-19 in the South African setting. Objective: To describe a cohort of hospitalised patients under investigation for SARS-CoV-2 that initially tested negative. Methods: Consecutive patients hospitalised at Khayelitsha Hospital from April to June 2020, whose initial polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 was negative were included...
September 27, 2021: African Journal of Emergency Medicine Revue
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34335050/the-relationship-between-vitamin-d-and-infections-including-covid-19-any-hopes
#26
REVIEW
Rbab Taha, Shahd Abureesh, Shuruq Alghamdi, Rola Y Hassan, Mohamed M Cheikh, Rania A Bagabir, Hani Almoallim, Altaf Abdulkhaliq
Vitamin D is proposed to have a potential role in the pathogenicity, clinical presentation, prognosis, complications, and treatment of several diseases. In addition to its well-known role in calcium metabolism, vitamin D regulates both innate and adaptive immunity, and subsequently modulates the antiviral and antibacterial inflammatory immune responses. In view of the emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, searching for potential therapeutic and protective strategies is of urgent interest, and vitamin D is one of the promising agents in this field...
2021: International Journal of General Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34297430/pattern-of-abnormalities-amongst-chest-x-rays-of-adults-undergoing-computer-assisted-digital-chest-x-ray-screening-for-tuberculosis-in-peri-urban-blantyre-malawi-a-cross-sectional-study
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hussein H Twabi, Robina Semphere, Madalo Mukoka, Lingstone Chiume, Rebecca Nzawa, Helena R A Feasey, Trancizeo Lipenga, Peter MacPherson, Elizabeth L Corbett, Marriott Nliwasa
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of diseases other than tuberculosis (TB) detected during chest X-ray screening is poorly described in sub-Saharan Africa. Computer-assisted digital chest X-ray technology is available for TB screening and has the potential to be a screening tool for non-communicable diseases as well. Low- and middle-income countries are in a transition period where the burden of non-communicable diseases is increasing, but health systems are mainly focused on addressing infectious diseases...
November 2021: Tropical Medicine & International Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34201324/real-time-operational-research-case-studies-from-the-field-of-tuberculosis-and-lessons-learnt
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anthony D Harries, Pruthu Thekkur, Irene Mbithi, Jeremiah Muhwa Chakaya, Hannock Tweya, Kudakwashe C Takarinda, Ajay M V Kumar, Srinath Satyanarayana, Selma Dar Berger, I D Rusen, Mohammed Khogali, Rony Zachariah
Real-time operational research can be defined as research on strategies or interventions to assess if they are feasible, working as planned, scalable and effective. The research involves primary data collection, periodic analysis during the conduct of the study and dissemination of the findings to policy makers for timely action. This paper aims to illustrate the use of real-time operational research and discuss how to make it happen. Four case studies are presented from the field of tuberculosis. These include (i) mis-registration of recurrent tuberculosis in Malawi; (ii) HIV testing and adjunctive cotrimoxazole to reduce mortality in TB patients in Malawi; (iii) screening TB patients for diabetes mellitus in India; and (iv) mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on TB case detection in capital cities in Kenya, Malawi and Zimbabwe...
June 8, 2021: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34097769/impact-of-the-diagnostic-test-xpert-mtb-rif-on-patient-outcomes-for-tuberculosis
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Frederick Haraka, Mwaka Kakolwa, Samuel G Schumacher, Ruvandhi R Nathavitharana, Claudia M Denkinger, Sebastien Gagneux, Klaus Reither, Amanda Ross
BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends Xpert MTB/RIF in place of smear microscopy to diagnose tuberculosis (TB), and many countries have adopted it into their diagnostic algorithms. However, it is not clear whether the greater accuracy of the test translates into improved health outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of Xpert MTB/RIF on patient outcomes in people being investigated for tuberculosis. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the following databases, without language restriction, from 2007 to 24 July 2020: Cochrane Infectious Disease Group (CIDG) Specialized Register; CENTRAL; MEDLINE OVID; Embase OVID; CINAHL EBSCO; LILACS BIREME; Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Social Sciences citation index (Web of Science), and Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Social Science & Humanities (Web of Science)...
May 6, 2021: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33604067/a-trio-of-infectious-diseases-and-pulmonary-embolism-a-developing-world-s-reality
#30
Somasundram Pillay, Nombulelo Magula
INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Tuberculosis (TB) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infections independently possess the ability to trigger formation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and pulmonary embolism (PE). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report describing the presence of PE in a patient with all three aforementioned infectious co-morbidities. PRESENTATION: A patient living with HIV with virological failure secondary to defaulting antiretroviral therapy (ART) presented with hypoxia, clinical and radiological features suggestive of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with raised inflammatory markers and D-dimer levels...
2021: Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33516423/common-infectious-diseases
#31
REVIEW
Kevin Pottie, Vincent Girard
The initial assessment of immigrant and refugee patients, including which health concerns to address and which infectious diseases may benefit from early screening, may present challenges to clinicians. Evidence-based research suggests certain infectious diseases should be screened for and treated in refugees. Overseas refugee preemptive treatment programs have reduced the burden of some diseases but have not removed the value of in-country screening programs. This article provides discussion of a series of common tropical and infectious diseases providing refugee and geographic contexts and links to international resources that have been developed to improve the care of newly arriving immigrants and refugees...
March 2021: Primary Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33493689/the-comparative-ability-of-commonly-used-disease-severity-scores-to-predict-death-or-a-requirement-for-icu-care-in-patients-hospitalised-with-possible-sepsis-in-yangon-myanmar
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mar Mar Minn, Ne Myo Aung, De Zin Kyaw, Thet Tun Zaw, Pyae Nyein Chann, Hnin Ei Khine, Steven McLoughlin, Anthony D Kelleher, Ne Lin Tun, Thin Zar Cho Oo, Nan Phyu Sin Toe Myint, Matthew Law, Mar Mar Kyi, Josh Hanson
OBJECTIVES: To determine the comparative prognostic utility of commonly used disease prediction scores in adults with presumed community-acquired sepsis in a resource-limited tropical setting. METHODS: This prospective, observational study was performed on the medical ward of a tertiary-referral hospital in Yangon, Myanmar. The ability of the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2), quick NEWS (qNEWS), quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score, Universal Vital Assessment (UVA) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores to predict a complicated inpatient course (death or requirement for intensive care unit (ICU) support) in patients with two or more systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria was determined...
March 2021: International Journal of Infectious Diseases: IJID
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33403987/a-rapid-review-of-the-effectiveness-of-screening-practices-at-airports-land-borders-and-ports-to-reduce-the-transmission-of-respiratory-infectious-diseases-such-as-covid-19
#33
REVIEW
T Chetty, B B Daniels, N K Ngandu, A Goga
BACKGROUND: Travel screening for infectious diseases is often implemented to delay or prevent the entry of infected persons to a country/area. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of different point-of-entry screening strategies in achieving a reduction in imported COVID-19 transmission. METHODS: A rapid evidence review was conducted, systematically searching PubMed and Google Scholar and grey literature on 27 March 2020. RESULTS: We screened 1 194 records...
October 12, 2020: South African Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32478707/cuba-s-pedro-kour%C3%A3-tropical-medicine-institute-battling-covid-19-one-study-one-test-one-patient-at-a-time
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gisele Coutin, Jorge Bacallao-Gallestey, Lila Castellanos-Serra
This MEDICC Review roundtable brings you specialists from Havana's Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute (IPK), who are working directly with testing, research and patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Founded in 1937 by its namesake, the Institute has gained considerable worldwide prestige. Today, it is a PAHO-WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and Its Vector, and for the Elimination of Tuberculosis. Its main role within Cuba's health system is as the national reference center for prevention, control, management and elimination of infectious diseases, including epidemics...
April 2020: MEDICC Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29848987/aids-clinical-research-in-spain-large-hiv-population-geniality-of-doctors-and-missing-opportunities
#35
REVIEW
Vicente Soriano, José M Ramos, Pablo Barreiro, Jose V Fernandez-Montero
The first cases of AIDS in Spain were reported in 1982. Since then over 85,000 persons with AIDS have been cumulated, with 60,000 deaths. Current estimates for people living with HIV are of 145,000, of whom 20% are unaware of it. This explains the still high rate of late HIV presenters. Although the HIV epidemic in Spain was originally driven mostly by injection drug users, since the year 2000 men having sex with men (MSM) account for most new incident HIV cases. Currently, MSM represent over 80% of new yearly HIV diagnoses...
May 30, 2018: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29485727/shortening-the-decade-long-gap-between-adult-and-paediatric-drug-formulations-a-new-framework-based-on-the-hiv-experience-in-low-and-middle-income-countries
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Martina Penazzato, Linda Lewis, Melynda Watkins, Vineet Prabhu, Fernando Pascual, Martin Auton, Wesley Kreft, Sébastien Morin, Marissa Vicari, Janice Lee, David Jamieson, George K Siberry
INTRODUCTION: Despite the coordinated efforts by several stakeholders to speed up access to HIV treatment for children, development of optimal paediatric formulations still lags 8 to 10 years behind that of adults, due mainly to lack of market incentives and technical complexities in manufacturing. The small and fragmented paediatric market also hinders launch and uptake of new formulations. Moreover, the problems affecting HIV similarly affect other disease areas where development and introduction of optimal paediatric formulations is even slower...
February 2018: Journal of the International AIDS Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28166561/tuberculosis
#37
REVIEW
Karen R Jacobson
This issue provides a clinical overview of tuberculosis, focusing on screening, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self-Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic in collaboration with the ACP's Medical Education and Publishing divisions and with the assistance of additional science writers and physician writers...
February 7, 2017: Annals of Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25867147/-syndrome-d-activation-macrophagique-une-s%C3%A3-rie-de-11-cas-tunisiens
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Imen Boukhris, Imene Rachdi, Eya Chérif, Samira Azzabi, Lamia Ben Hassine, Iness Kéchaou, Zouleikha Kaouech, Chékib Kooli, Narjess Khalfallah
BACKGROUND: Hemophagocytic syndromes are mostly associated with underlying pathology, they can reveal: immunodeficiency, infections, hemopathies, cancers and auto-immune diseases. AIM: to investigate clinical, biological features, outcome characteristics and underlying pathology of Tunisian patients with hemophagocytic syndromes. METHODS: A retrospective study of patients with hemophagocytic syndromes admitted in an internal medicine department in Tunis over the period 2009-2012...
November 2014: La Tunisie Médicale
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24716217/clinical-spectrum-of-rheumatologic-diseases-in-a-department-of-rheumatology-in-ouagadougou-burkina-faso
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dieu-Donné Ouédraogo, Honoré Ntsiba, Joelle Tiendrébéogo Zabsonré, Hervé Tiéno, Laurelle I F Bokossa, Fulgence Kaboré, Joseph Drabo
The aim of this study is to review over a period of 5 years the clinical spectrum of rheumatic diseases seen in a tertiary hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A retrospective study of case records was conducted from March 1, 2006 to March 30, 2011 in the Rheumatology service, Department of Internal Medicine of the University Hospital Yalgado Ouedraogo. Of the 4,084 patients seen, 2,381 were women (58.30%) and 1,703 were men (41.70%). The mean age at disease onset was 42.12 years, ranging from 3 to 92 years...
March 2014: Clinical Rheumatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24397225/infection-control-in-a-developing-world
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James Elston, Ian Hinitt, Steve Batson, Cath Noakes, John Wright, John Walley, Clare Humphreys
The global HIV and tuberculosis (TB) epidemics have placed enormous burdens upon already overstretched healthcare workers and poorly resourced healthcare facilities in sub-Saharan Africa. The rapid emergence of multi-drug resistant TB, and its association with hospital-based outbreaks, have highlighted the role that healthcare facilities inadvertently may play in maintaining TB transmission, and the vital importance of attaining good TB infection control. James Elston, a specialist physician in infectious diseases and general internal medicine, who recently returned from a second stint in Swaziland, says many of the region's healthcare facilities are outdated, poorly ventilated, and were not designed for their current purpose...
November 2013: Health Estate
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