Bipolar type 2

Background: Bipolar affective disorder (BAD) is a severe mental illness which results in serious lifelong struggles and challenges. The full impact of stressful life events (SLEs) on the course of BAD is poorly understood. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 128 consecutive patients with BAD currently admitted with a relapse. Our objectives were (1) to estimate the proportion, type, and timing of preonset SLEs in relapsed BAD patients and (2) to study the association between SLEs and selected clinical variables in this group...

BACKGROUND: Rebound cholinergic syndrome is a rare, but well known unwanted phenomenon occurring after abrupt clozapine discontinuation. There have been previous reported cases of cholinergic rebound in the literature; however, these reports described cholinergic rebound following cessation of high doses of clozapine in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Here, we report a case of rebound cholinergic syndrome and catatonia in a male patient three days after abrupt discontinuation of 50 mg of clozapine prescribed for type I bipolar affective disorder...

We previously identified bipolar disorder (BD) susceptibility loci on 8q24, 14q32, and 2q12-14 in a genome-wide nonparametric linkage screen in a Latino cohort. We now perform a fine mapping analysis using a dense map of additional SNPs to identify BD susceptibility genes within these regions. One thousand nine hundred and thirty-eight individuals with Latino ancestry (880 individuals with BD Type I or Schizoaffective, Bipolar Type) from 416 Latino pedigrees from the United States, Mexico, Costa Rica, and Guatemala were genotyped with 3,074 SNPs to provide dense coverage of the 8q24 (11...

A high pressure semicontinuous batch electrolyzer is used to convert CO2 to formic acid/formate on a tin-based cathode using bipolar membranes (BPMs) and cation exchange membranes (CEMs). The effects of CO2 pressure up to 50 bar, electrolyte concentration, flow rate, cell potential, and the two types of membranes on the current density (CD) and Faraday efficiency (FE) for formic acid/formate are investigated. Increasing the CO2 pressure yields a high FE up to 90% at a cell potential of 3.5 V and a CD of ∼30 mA/cm2 ...

We applied Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate the potential causality between blood minerals (calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, and zinc) and osteoporosis (OP), gout, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 2 diabetes (T2D), Alzheimer's disease (AD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia , Parkinson's disease and major depressive disorder. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are independent ( r ² < 0.01) and are strongly related to minerals ( p < 5 × 10-8 ) are selected as instrumental variables...

In 2010 a 69-year old patient with bipolar I disorder, type 2 diabetes and hypertension was referred to the Nephrology outpatient clinic of the Maasstad Hospital for progressive kidney disease. Her creatinine was 205 μmol/L (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) 22 mL/min/1.73m2 ). Her diabetes was well controlled at a HbA1c of 6.6% with repaglindine 4mg once daily (QD). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

AIM: to carry out a comparative analysis of treatment results of patients with renal tumors who were undergone to nephron-sparing surgery, depending on the type of temporary and definite hemostasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a total of 163 laparoscopic partial nephrectomies were performed by single surgeon from January 2015 to July 2018. The comparative analysis of treatment results of patients with renal tumors based on following parameters: tumor stage, features of the tumor site, the duration of surgery, the amount of blood loss, complications rate and grade as well as functional and oncological outcomes, depending on the type of temporary and definite hemostasis, was conducted...

Vocal fold immobility (VFI) is a common cause of dysphonia and dysphagia in children. Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) is an important adjunctive test in its diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we present an alternative technique in which bipolar double hookwire electrodes allow simultaneous placement and recordings from the bilateral thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles. Details of the technique are shown for a 5 y/o F with history of Neurofibromatosis Type 2 with left VFI and aspiration and dysphonia...

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to characterize mood instability (MI) in Bipolar Disorder (BD) and to investigate potential differences between subtype I and II. MethodsLife-charts from weekly mood ratings of 90 patients were used to compute: weeks spent with symptoms, number of episodes, and MI. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between BD subtype and MI adjusting by all potential confounding factors. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to determine the appropriate number of clusters that described the data and to assign subjects to a specific cluster based on their MI...

Purpose: Dislocation is an important complication that increases the mortality, morbidity, and postoperative care following bipolar hemiarthroplasty. It is thought that the transtrochanteric approach that enables access to the femoral neck directly from the fracture line at the coronal plane of the greater trochanter without opening the posterior and anterior capsules could reduce the risk of dislocation. Additionally, it is argued that preservation of the external rotators could also be advantageous for patient rehabilitation and muscle strength...

OBJECTIVE: Psychotic versus non-psychotic patients with bipolar disorder have been traditionally associated with different unfavorable clinical features. In this study on bipolar Italian patients, we aimed to compare clinical and demographic differences between psychotic and non-psychotic individuals, exploring clinical factors that may favor early diagnosis and personalized treatment. METHODS: A total of 1671 patients (males: n = 712 and females: n = 959; bipolar type 1: n = 1038 and bipolar type 2: n = 633) from different psychiatric departments were compared according to the lifetime presence of psychotic symptoms in terms of socio-demographic and clinical variables...

CACNA1C encodes the Cav 1.2 L-type voltage-gated calcium channel. Generic variation in CACNA1C has been consistently identified as associated with risk for psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and autism. Psychiatric risk loci are also enriched for genes involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity. Here, we show that the expression of Cacna1c is regulated in the rat hippocampus after context exposure, contextual fear conditioning and fear memory retrieval in a manner that correlates to specific memory processes...

BACKGROUND: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) comprise 8% of the human genome and can be classified into at least 31 families. Increased levels of transcripts from the W and H families of HERV have been observed in association with human diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia. Although HERV transcripts have been detected in many tissues and cell-types based on microarray and PCR studies, the extent of HERV expression in different cell-types and diseases state has been less comprehensively studied...

INTRODUCTION: Insomnia symptoms are very common in Bipolar Disorder. Our aim was to assess the potential association between insomnia, emotion dysregulation and suicidality in subjects with Bipolar Disorder. METHODS: Seventy-seven subjects with Bipolar Disorder type II with a depressive episode with mixed features were recruited. Patients were assessed with SCID-DSM-5, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) while evaluating manic and depressive symptoms...

Carbon, nitrogen and oxygen are the three most abundant elements in the Galaxy after hydrogen and helium. Whereas hydrogen and helium were created in the Big Bang, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen arise from nucleosynthesis in stars. Of particular interest1,2 are the isotopic ratios 12 C/13 C, 14 N/15 N and 16 O/17 O because they are effective tracers of nucleosynthesis and help to benchmark the chemical processes that occurred in primitive interstellar material as it evolved into our Solar System3 . However, the origins of the rare isotopes 15 N and 17 O remain uncertain, although novae and very massive stars that explode as supernovae are postulated4-6 to be the main sources of 15 N...

BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have shown that bipolar patients have increased serum uric acid levels. High serum uric acid levels could play a role contributing to high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is known to increase the risk of developing a number of life threatening diseases including coronary heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. This study investigated the association between hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome and its components in individuals suffering from bipolar disorders...

BACKGROUND: Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are consistently reported in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar-I disorder (BD), as well as among individuals who have been exposed to childhood trauma. However, higher levels of inflammatory markers in these disorders are yet to be investigated with respect to levels of exposure to different types of childhood trauma. METHODS: Participants were 68 cases with a diagnosis of schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (SZ), 69 cases with a diagnosis of psychotic BD and 72 healthy controls (HC)...

The present study interrogated a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on Chr 4 associated with the population sizes of two types of bipolar cell in the mouse retina. This locus was identified by quantifying the number of rod bipolar cells and Type 2 cone bipolar cells across a panel of recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice derived from two inbred laboratory strains, C57BL/6J (B6/J) and A/J, and mapping a proportion of that variation in cell number, for each cell type, to this shared locus. There, we identified the candidate gene X Kell blood group precursor related family member 8 homolog ( Xkr8 )...

Aiming to develop all-organic bipolar semiconductors with high charge mobility and efficient E-type fluorescence (so-called TADF) as environmentally-friendly light-emitting materials for optoelectronic applications, four noble metals-free dyes with linear and V-shapes were designed using accepting pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile and donating carbazole units. Exploiting donor-acceptor design strategy and using moieties with different donating and accepting abilities, TADF emitters with wide variety of molecular weights were synthesized for getting optimum combination of charge-transporting and fluorescent properties in one TADF molecule...

The fuel cell is an electrochemical energy converter which converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity and heat and has been able to introduce itself as a source of clean power in the world over the past few decades. One of the major technical challenges in the development of PEM fuel cell technology is to achieve high and stable efficiency. One of the key parameters in designing this type of fuel cell is the shape and dimensions of reactors flow field channels on the bipolar plates. In this research, the obstacle is simulated by selecting the obstacle geometry in the channel path, and after choosing the best range (height), the best obstacle width is analyzed to have better performance...