Noncommunicating hydrocephalus

Vancomycin (VCM), an essential antibiotic for antimicrobial-resistant Gram-positive cocci, can lead to complications such as neutropenia. Here, we present a case of a 25-year-old male with noncommunicating hydrocephalus due to an intraventricular tumor who developed neutropenia during VCM therapy. Despite the suspected VCM-induced neutropenia, short-term readministration was deemed necessary for perioperative infection prophylaxis. This patient was readministered without neutropenia. A review of the literature revealed an earlier onset of VCM-induced neutropenia than that previously reported, emphasizing the importance of vigilant monitoring...

Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP) is a rare disease with diffuse thickening of the dura mater that has no specific clinical symptoms and manifestations and it causes neurosurgeons to misdiagnose. A 4-year-old girl presented at the emergency room of our hospital with speech difficulty and severe headache. Head computed tomography scans (CT scan) on admission revealed a large fluid collection over the right temporoparietal region with mass effect, and the neurosurgeon drained it with the initial diagnosis of subdural hematoma...

Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in neonates is a significant disorder that causes skin, gastrointestinal, and intracranial hemorrhaging. Early-onset VKDB occurs within 24 hours of birth, and its prognosis is poor due to severe hemorrhage. The causes of early-onset VKDB include maternal intake of warfarin and anticoagulants, and maternal vitamin K deficiency. We report the case of a neonate with early-onset VKDB born to a mother with Crohn's disease. The neonate developed severe cerebellar hemorrhage on the day of birth and subsequent noncommunicating hydrocephalus requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt...

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic occlusion of the Foramen of Monro is extremely rare in adults. The occlusion is classified into four types, with the first being the most infrequent. This condition induces noncommunicating hydrocephalus with the ensuing increased intracranial pressure symptoms. Headache is usually the chief complaint. PRESENTATION OF THE CASE: The authors present a case of a 28-year-old female who presented with a chronic headache that was unresponsive to analgesics...

BACKGROUND: Intracranial tumors can cause obstructive hydrocephalus (OH). Most often, symptomatic treatment is pursued through ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VS) or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). In this study, we propose stereotactic third ventriculostomy with internal shunt placement (sTVIP) as an alternative treatment option and assess its safety and efficacy. METHODS: In this single-center, retrospective analysis, clinical symptoms, procedure-related complications, and revision-free survival of all patients with OH due to tumor formations treated by sTVIP between January 2010 and December 2021 were evaluated...

BACKGROUND: The application of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus in shunt malfunction represents a paradigm shift, as it allows hydrocephalus to be transformed from a chronic condition treated with an artificial device to a curable disease. METHODS: We present a 54-year-old male with a diagnosis of idiopathic Sylvian aqueduct stenosis treated with shunt. The patient presented to our institution with symptoms of shunt malfunction and an increase in ventricular size on imaging, which was his third episode throughout his life...

Supratentorial intracerebral hematoma is a rare complication after posterior fossa tumor surgery in prone positioning. Although rare, its occurrence may cause significant impact on survival of the patient. We had described this rare complication and their possible pathophysiology in this report. A 52-year-old male with fourth ventricle epidermoid tumor with noncommunicative hydrocephalus was presented to us in drowsy condition in emergency department. Right-sided medium pressure ventriculoperitoneal surgery was performed in emergency...

Beyond its neuroprotective role, CSF functions to rid the brain of toxic waste products through glymphatic clearance. Disturbances in the circulation of CSF and glymphatic exchange are common among those experiencing HCP syndrome, which often results from SAH. Normally, the secretion of CSF follows a two-step process, including filtration of plasma followed by the introduction of ions, bicarbonate, and water. Arachnoid granulations are the main site of CSF absorption, although there are other influencing factors that affect this process...

OBJECTIVE: With neurosurgeons\' mastery, endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and extracranial shunting, two surgical options for patients with noncommunicating hydrocephalus, have substantially enhanced. However, which method of these 2 surgical methods could be more beneficial and safe for obstructive hydrocephalus is controversy. Herein, in patients with noncommunicating hydrocephalus, we did a meta-analysis to investigate the safety and efficacy of the two surgical therapies. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ETV and VPS for obstructive hydrocephalus were searched systematically by using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register...

Endoscopy is essential in less invasive surgery and its use has widely expanded in almost all surgical specialties. This procedure has also been adopted for neurosurgery. It is now introduced in skull base surgery, expanded from endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, to remove pituitary tumors, assisting tumor removal or removing a tumor only with the endoscope; spine surgery; and endoscopic third ventriculostomy(ETV). ETV is now accepted as a standard technique for treating noncommunicating hydrocephalus. Currently, 1067 neurosurgeons are certified by the Japan Society for Neuroendoscopy, and endoscopic surgery is recognized as a typical treatment option...

BACKGROUND: The authors present two cases of paradoxical ventriculomegaly after lumboperitoneal (LP) shunting in patients with slit ventricle syndrome (SVS). OBSERVATIONS: After placement of an LP shunt, both patients rapidly developed radiographic and clinically symptomatic ventricular enlargement. The then generous ventricular corridors allowed both patients to be treated by endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with concurrent removal of their LP shunt. The patients then underwent staged increases in their shunt resistance to the maximum setting and remain asymptomatic...

Treatment for pediatric hydrocephalus aims not only to shrink the enlarged ventricle morphologically but also to create an intracranial environment that provides the best neurocognitive development and to deal with various treatment-related problems over a long period of time. Although the primary diseases that cause hydrocephalus are diverse, the ventricular peritoneal shunt has been introduced as the standard treatment for several decades. Nevertheless, complications such as shunt infection and shunt malfunction are unavoidable; the prognosis of neurological function is severely affected by such factors, especially in newborns and infants...

OBJETIVES: Indication for endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) in the treatment for noncommunicating hydrocephalus is widely accepted. There is controversy regarding the indication of a second procedure (re-ETV) when the first has failed. The objective of this work is to revise ETV failures in a series in which re-ETV was performed and to describe the factors related to its prognosis. METHOD: Retrospective study of pediatric patients with ETV failure treated by re-ETV between 2003 and 2018...

BACKGROUND: Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is a vasculopathy characterized by the elongation, widening, and tortuosity of a cerebral artery. Rarely, hydrocephalus results when the extended basilar artery impairs communication of the cerebral ventricle and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. We experienced such a case when a patient underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for noncommunicating hydrocephalus with VBD. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 54-year-old man presented with cognitive dysfunction and was diagnosed with VBD by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

BACKGROUND: Post-infective hydrocephalus (PIH) arises as a complication of any CNS infection, and can be either communicating or noncommunicating. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to study the various causes of PIH and its pathophysiology and treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The literature was searched for articles describing the causes of PIH. RESULTS: Common causes of PIH are CNS tuberculosis (TB), neurocysticercosis, and perinatal or neonatal infection...

Background: Tetraventricular hydrocephalus is a common presentation of communicating hydrocephalus. Conversely, cases with noncommunicating etiology impose a diagnostic challenge and are often neglected and underdiagnosed. Herein, we present a review of literature for clinical, diagnostic, and surgical aspects regarding noncommunicating tetrahydrocephalus caused by primary fourth ventricle outlet obstruction (FVOO), illustrating with a case from our service. Methods: We performed a research on PubMed database crossing the terms "FVOO," "tetraventriculomegaly," and "hydrocephalus" in English...

We report here a rare case of adult-onset multiloculated hydrocephalus (MLH) after Cryptococcal meningitis. A 63-year-old man had Cryptococcal ventriculitis in 2011, and he recovered with treatment of antimycotic drugs. However, he was admitted again because of disorientation and amnesia, and brain MRI showed dilation of the inferior horn of the left lateral ventricle. He underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) for noncommunicating hydrocephalus in 2019, and the disorientation and amnesia improved. One year after the VPS, he was admitted because of urinary dysfunction and gait disturbance...

Trapped temporal horn is a rare type of noncommunicating focal hydrocephalus, and no standard treatment has been established yet for trapped temporal horn. Recent studies have shown the efficacy of endoscopic ventriculocisternostomy by opening the choroidal fissure; however, some surgical complications were reported during the procedure. Thus, we aimed to report a novel endoscopic ventriculocisternostomy and stenting technique for trapped temporal horn. In this technique, a 5.8-mm transparent acryl puncture needle with a 2...

Hydrocephalus is caused by the disruption of the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which results in a buildup of CSF. Hydrocephalus comprises two key categories: communicating and noncommunicating. Normal-pressure hydrocephalus, a type of communicating hydrocephalus, currently has no cure; the main treatment option is ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement surgery. This procedure is performed to reestablish the balance between CSF production, flow, and absorption. Recently, general surgeons have begun assisting the neurosurgeon by placing the distal or abdominal end of the shunt using a laparoscopic technique...

INTRODUCTION: In patients with noncommunicating hydrocephalus, dilation of the ventricles stresses white matter fibers and alters the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. The purpose of this work was to investigate, non-invasively, how endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) impacts white matter, CSF oscillations, and CBF. METHODS: Eleven patients presenting with chronic headaches and noncommunicating hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis were treated by ETV...