Kenneth Blum, J Wesson Ashford, Babak Kateb, Daniel Sipple, Eric Braverman, Catherine A Dennen, David Baron, Rajendra Badgaiyan, Igor Elman, Jean Lud Cadet, Panayotis K Thanos, Colin Hanna, Abdalla Bowirrat, Edward J Modestino, Vicky Yamamoto, Ashim Gupta, Thomas McLaughlin, Mlan Makale, Mark S Gold
Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS), particularly linked to addictive disorders, costs billions of dollars globally and has resulted in over one million deaths in the United States (US). Illicit substance use has been steadily rising and in 2021 approximately 21.9% (61.2 million) of individuals living in the US aged 12 or older had used illicit drugs in the past year. However, only 1.5% (4.1 million) of these individuals had received any substance use treatment. This increase in use and failure to adequately treat or provide treatment to these individuals resulted in 106,699 overdose deaths in 2021 and increased in 2022...
September 23, 2023: Journal of the Neurological Sciences