Aromatic

Wine fermentations typically involve the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, many other yeast species participate to the fermentation process, some with interesting oenological traits. In this study the species Torulaspora delbrueckii, used occasionally in mixed or sequential fermentation with S. cerevisiae to improve wine sensory profile, was investigated to understand the physiological differences between the two. Next generation sequencing was used to characterize the transcriptome of T. delbrueckii and highlight the different genomic response of these yeasts during growth under wine-like conditions...

A series of novel 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxamides was synthesized by the reaction of 7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid with various substituted aromatic amines. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against the four physiologically relevant human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms CA I, CA II, CA IX and CA XII. The CA inhibition results show that the newly synthesized 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxamides (4a-n) exhibited selective inhibition of the tumor associated isoforms, CA IX and CA XII over CA I and II isoforms...

Five new aromatic compounds, designed as lucidumins A-D (1-4) and lucidimine E (9), along with seven known aromatic compounds (5-8, 10-12) were isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic method. Bioactive evaluation showed that compounds 2-4 and 6-10 displayed remarkable neuroprotective activities against corticosterone-induced PC12 cell damage, with the cell viability ranging from 69.99% to 126.00%; and compounds 1-4, 9 and 10 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities against LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264...

Direct amination of sp³ C-H bonds is of broad interest in the realm of C-H functionalization because of the prevalence of nitrogen heterocycles and amines in pharmaceuticals and natural products. Here, we report a combined electrochemical/photochemical method for dehydrogenative C(sp³)-H/N-H coupling that exhibits good reactivity with both sp² and sp³ N-H bonds. The results show how use of iodide as an electrochemical mediator, in combination with light-induced cleavage of intermediate N-I bonds, enables the electrochemical process to proceed at low electrode potentials...

Azospirillum brasilense is one of the most studied species of diverse agronomic plants worldwide. The benefits conferred to plants inoculated with Azospirillum have been primarily attributed to its capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen and synthesize phytohormones, especially indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The principal pathway for IAA synthesis involves the intermediate metabolite indole pyruvic acid. Successful colonization of plants by Azospirillum species is fundamental to the ability of these bacteria to promote the beneficial effects observed in plants...

The microwave spectrum of 3,4-dimethylanisole, a molecule containing three methyl groups allowing for internal rotation, was recorded using a pulsed molecular jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometer operating in the frequency range from 2.0 to 26.5 GHz. Quantum chemical calculations yielded two conformers with a trans and a cis configuration of the methoxy group, both of which were assigned in the experimental spectrum. Torsional splittings due to the internal rotations of two methyl groups attached to the aromatic ring were resolved and analysed...

Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes with a bay-fused five-membered ring are synthesized from fluorenyl precursors. The key oxidative cyclodehydrogenation step is accompanied by regioselective chlorination that is enhanced by methylation at the cyclopenta-ring or increased reaction concentration. The CpHBC products undergo mild electrophilic aromatic bromination, without catalyst, to afford adducts suitable for π-extension by cross-coupling.

Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and major physiological differences indicate two distinct sublineages within the genus Azoarcus: the Azoarcus evansii lineage, comprising Azoarcusevansii (type strain KB740T =DSM 6898T =CIP 109473T =NBRC 107771T ), Azoarcusbuckelii (type strain U120T =DSM 14744T =LMG 26916T ), Azoarcusanaerobius (type strain LuFRes1T =DSM 12081T =LMG 30943T ), Azoarcustolulyticus (type strain Tol-4T =ATCC 51758T =CIP 109470T ), Azoarcustoluvorans (type strain Td21T =ATCC 700604T =DSM 15124T ) and Azoarcustoluclasticus (type strain MF63T =ATCC 700605T ), and the Azoarcus indigens lineage, comprising Azoarcusindigens (type strain VB32T =ATCC 51398T =LMG 9092T ), Azoarcus communis (type strain SWub3T =ATCC 51397T =LMG 9095T ) and Azoarcusolearius (type strain DQS-4T =BCRC 80407T =KCTC 23918T =LMG 26893T )...

This work reports the classification study conducted on the biggest COX-2 inhibitor dataset so far. Using 2925 diverse COX-2 inhibitors collected from 168 literature, we applied machine learning methods, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) to develop twelve classification models. The best SVM and RF models resulted in MCC values of 0.73 and 0.72, respectively. The 2925 COX-2 inhibitors were reduced to a dataset of 1630 molecules by removing intermediately active inhibitors and twelve new classification models were constructed, yielding MCC values above 0...

Modification of carbon nitride based polymeric 2D materials for tailoring their optical, electronic and chemical properties for various applications has gained significant interest. The present report demonstrates the synthesis of a novel modified carbon nitride framework with a remarkable 3:5 C:N stoichiometry (C3N5) and an electronic bandgap of 1.76 eV, by thermal deammoniation of melem hydrazine precursor. Characterization revealed that in C3N5 polymer, two s-heptazine units are bridged together with azo linkage, which constitutes an entirely new and different bonding fashion from g-C3N4 where three heptazine units are linked together with tertiary nitrogen...

In this report, we summarize various synthetic approaches to star-shaped molecules. To design these highly functionalized molecules, several simple building blocks are assembled via trimerization protocols starting with commercially available starting materials. Later on, these building blocks were synthetically manipulated to generate extended star-shaped molecules. We also presented the syntheses of star-shaped molecules having 2,4,6-trisubstituted-1,3,5-triazine or 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzene rings as a central core and diverse substituted styrene, phenyl, fluorene derivatives at the periphery renders the extended conjugation...

Polymeric dielectrics play a key role in the realization of flexible organic electronics, especially for the fabrication of scalable device arrays and integrated circuits. Among a wide variety of polymeric dielectric materials, aromatic polyimides (PIs) are flexible, lightweight, and strongly resistant to high-temperature processing and corrosive etchants and, therefore, have become promising candidates as gate dielectrics with good feasibility in manufacturing organic electronic devices. More significantly, the characteristics of PIs can be conveniently modulated by the design of their chemical structures...

The aim of this study was to assess the temporal change of atmospheric deposition patterns of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Switzerland between 1995 and 2014 by a passive biomonitoring with lichens. Lichen tissues sampled at 16 representative sites in the same season of 1995 and 2014 were analyzed for a total of 94 individual and 27 sum parameters of POPs and PAHs by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The comparative analyses showed a decrease of 40 to 80% (medians) for most of the POPs and PAHs concentration in lichens at all site categories...

The properties of an organic semiconductor are dependent on both the chemical structure of the molecule involved, and how it is arranged in the solid-state. It is challenging to extract the influence of each individual factor, as small changes in the molecular structure often dramatically change the crystal packing and hence solid-state structure. Here, we use calculations to explore the influence of the nitrogen position on the charge mobility of a chiral organic molecule when the crystal packing is kept constant...

Inspired by D-A polymers in organic solar cell and extended conjugate effect, a conceptual design of D-π-A type mesoporous carbon nitride with benzene or thiophene as π-spacer is proposed as an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution and successfully synthesized in one-pot thermopolymerization based on nucleophilic substitution and Schiff base chemical reaction. On the molecular level, the inserted in-plane benzene as π-spacer by forming covalent bonds C=N (acceptor) and C-N (donor) interrupts the continuity of 3, s-triazine units while it maintains the intrinsic π-π conjugated electronic system...

We report here selective Tsuji-Trost type allylation of Ugi adducts using a strategy based on the enhanced nucleophilicity of amide dianions. Ugi adducts derived from aromatic aldehydes were easily allylated at their peptidyl position with allyl acetate in the presence of palladium catalysts. These substitutions were compared to more classical transition metal free allylations using allyl bromides.

Enzymes originating from hostile environments offer exceptional stability under industrial conditions and are therefore highly in demand. Using single-cell genome data, we identified the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene, adh/a1a , from the Atlantis II Deep Red Sea brine pool. ADH/A1a is highly active at elevated temperatures and high salt concentrations (optima at 70 °C and 4 m KCl) and withstands organic solvents. The polyextremophilic ADH/A1a exhibits a broad substrate scope including aliphatic and aromatic alcohols and is able to reduce cinnamyl-methyl-ketone and raspberry ketone in the reverse reaction, making it a possible candidate for the production of chiral compounds...

Daqu , an important fermentation starter for the production of Chinese liquor, as used in the current study included traditional Daqu and fortified Daqu inoculated with Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus subtilis . To evaluate the effect of fortified Daqu on strong-flavor liquor production, the differences of microbial communities among three inoculation patterns of fermented grains (FG) were analyzed by the Illumina MiSeq platform. A higher relative abundance of dominant genera including Bacillus , Lactococcus , Aspergillus , and Candida , and lower relative abundance of Lactobacillus , were observed in FG50, in which mixed Daqu (traditional: fortified Daqu = 1: 1, w/w, 50% fortified Daqu ) was used as the starter...

Marine sponges are early-branching, filter-feeding metazoans that usually host complex microbiomes comprised of several, currently uncultivatable symbiotic lineages. Here, we use a low-carbon based strategy to cultivate low-abundance bacteria from Spongia officinalis. This approach favoured the growth of Alphaproteobacteria strains in the genera Anderseniella, Erythrobacter, Labrenzia, Loktanella, Ruegeria, Sphingorhabdus, Tateyamaria and Pseudovibrio, besides two likely new genera in the Rhodobacteraceae family...

Bacillus cytotoxicus is a member of the Bacillus cereus group linked to fatal cases of diarrheal disease. Information on B. cytotoxicus is very limited; in particular comprehensive genomic data is lacking. Thus, we applied a genomic approach to characterize B. cytotoxicus and decipher its population structure. To this end, complete genomes of ten B. cytotoxicus were sequenced and compared to the four publicly available full B. cytotoxicus genomes and genomes of other B. cereus group members. Average nucleotide identity, core genome, and pan genome clustering resulted in clear distinction of B...