Central Line Associated

In the endeavor to advance our understanding of interindividual differences in dealing with chronic pain, numerous motivational theories have been invoked in the past decade. As they focus on relevant, yet different aspects of the dynamic, multilevel processes involved in human voluntary action control, research findings seem fragmented and inconsistent. Here we present Personality Systems Interactions theory as an integrative meta-framework elucidating how different motivational and volitional processes work in concert under varying contextual conditions...

Introduction This research aimed to explore the relationship between spinal characteristics and the length of the abdominal aorta in adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients who underwent corrective spinal surgery. We hypothesized that adjusting spinal alignment might affect the abdominal aorta's length. Methods This study included thirteen patients with ASD (average age: 63.0 ± 8.9 years; four males and nine females) who received spinal correction surgery. We measured both pre-operative and post-operative spinal parameters, including thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), and calculated their differences (Δ)...

In subjects with scoliotic alterations of the spine, asymmetrical lengths of the lower limbs are frequently observed, a condition commonly referred to as leg length inequality (LLI) or discrepancy (LLD). This asymmetry can induce pelvic misalignments, manifested by an asymmetric height of the iliac crests, and consequently an alteration of the spine's axis. Although correcting this discrepancy might appear to be a straightforward solution, further investigation may reveal other indications. The purpose of this article is to aid clinicians confronted with the decision of whether to compensate for an LLI in individuals with scoliosis, encompassing both adolescents and adults...

BACKGROUND: The prognosis for people living with HIV (PLWH) who develop lymphomas has been greatly improved by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. However, real-world clinical data on this patient group in Asia are limited. METHODS: Treatment outcomes were retrospectively examined for 104 PLWH with lymphomas between 2000 and 2019. The cohort comprised five PLWH with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and 99 with non-Hodgkin lymphomas, including 61 with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 19 with Burkitt lymphoma (BL), nine with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and ten with other subtypes...

The activity of HIV-1 and its viral proteins within the central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for a wide array of neuropathological effects, resulting in a spectrum of neurocognitive deficits defined as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Amongst the various viral proteins, the transactivator of transcription (Tat) remains detectable even with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and suppressed viremia, highlighting the significance of this protein in the modern ART era. Tat has been extensively researched in both fundamental and clinical settings due to its role in neuroinflammation, neuronal damage, and neurocognitive impairment amongst people living with HIV (PLHIV)...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to investigate and compare the efficacy and safety of first-line and second-line selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in Japanese patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). METHODS: 100 patients with NTG were enrolled in this study. Patients were treated with SLT as a first-line or second-line treatment for NTG. Main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction rate, outflow pressure improvement rate (ΔOP), success rate at 1 year and complications...

The neuroinflammatory process in synucleinopathies of the aging population such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) involves microglial activation as well as infiltration of the CNS by T cells and natural killer T cells (NKTs). To evaluate the potential of targeting NKT cells to modulate neuroinflammation, we treated α-syn transgenic (tg) mice (e.g.: Thy1 promoter line 61) with an antibody against CD1d, which is a glycoprotein expressed in antigen presenting cells (APCs). CD1d-presented lipid antigens activate NKT cells through the interaction with T cell receptor in NKTs, resulting in the production of cytokines...

BACKGROUND: Patients sustaining maxillofacial fractures are at risk for associated injuries (AIs) to other body regions. The incidence of AIs is reported to be from 20 to 35%. AIs may be life-threatening and play a key role in considering first-line management at the emergency department, as well as planning the definitive treatment of maxillofacial fractures. PURPOSE: The study aimed to determine the frequency and risk factors for AIs in patients with maxillofacial fractures...

INTRODUCTION: Optimizing treatment protocols for wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) is an ongoing challenge, as it involves a delicate balance between achieving therapeutic efficacy and minimizing invasive procedures' frequency. This study aimed to apply the Lean methodology and evaluate the effectiveness of this new setting on intravitreal therapy for wAMD, employing different anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) drugs (bevacizumab, brolucizumab, aflibercept, ranibizumab), drawing data from the Bari Intravitreal Injections Registry (BIVIR)...

PURPOSE: To assess the onset, treatment frequency, and visual outcome of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment due to secondary choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study METHODS: One-hundred six eyes of 53 patients with PXE were analyzed. The assessment of CNV activity relied on hemorrhage visible on funduscopy and intra- / subretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography (OCT), individually defining a shortening or extension of treatment interval...

Nosocomial infections are a frequent and serious problem in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Donor human milk (DHM) is the best alternative for feeding these babies when mother's own milk (MOM) is not available. Recently, a patented prototype of a High-Temperature Short-Time (HTST) pasteurizer adapted to a human milk bank setting showed a lesser impact on immunologic components. We designed a multicentre randomized controlled trial that investigates whether, in ELBW infants with an insufficient MOM supply, the administration of HTST pasteurized DHM reduces the incidence of confirmed catheter-associated sepsis compared to DHM pasteurized with the Holder method...

AIM: Reporting of participant descriptors in studies of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) can help identify characteristics associated with favourable outcomes and allow comparison with other studies and real-world clinical populations. The aim was to identify the pattern of participant descriptors reported in studies assessing interventions for ASBO. METHOD: This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021281031) and reported in line with the PRISMA checklist...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) suffer from severe myocardial injury during daunorubicin (DNR)-based chemotherapy and are at high risk of cardiac mortality. The crosstalk between tumour cells and cardiomyocytes might play an important role in chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity, but this has yet to be demonstrated. This study aimed to identify its underlying mechanism and explore potential therapeutic targets. METHODS: Cardiac tissues were harvested from an AML patient after DNR-based chemotherapy and were subjected to single-nucleus RNA sequencing...

BACKGROUND: Long-term survival after premature birth is significantly determined by development of morbidities, primarily affecting the cardio-respiratory or central nervous system. Existing studies are limited to pairwise morbidity associations, thereby lacking a holistic understanding of morbidity co-occurrence and respective risk profiles. METHODS: Our study, for the first time, aimed at delineating and characterizing morbidity profiles at near-term age and investigated the most prevalent morbidities in preterm infants: bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), pulmonary hypertension (PH), mild cardiac defects, perinatal brain pathology and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)...

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Recent evidence suggests that lymphocyte trafficking in the intestines could play a key role in its etiology. Nevertheless, it is not clear how intestinal tissue is involved in the disease onset nor its evolution. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate intestinal inflammation dynamic throughout the disease course and its potential impact on disease progression. METHODS: We used tissue immunophenotyping (immunohistofluorescence and flow cytometry) and a recently described molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method targeting mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) to assess intestinal inflammation in vivo in two distinct animal models of MS (Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis - EAE) at several time points of disease progression...

Microbial management is central to aquaculture's efficiency. Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M has shown promising results promoting growth, modulation of the immune response, and disease resistance in many fishes. However, the mechanisms through which this strain confers health benefits in fish are poorly understood, particularly in Pacific salmonid models. Briefly, the aims of this study were to i) assess the protective effects of P. acidilactici MA18/5M by examining gut barrier function and the expression of tight junction (TJ) and immune genes in vitro and in vivo , and ii) to determine the protective effects of this strain against a common saltwater pathogen, Vibrio anguillarum J382...

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare catecholamine-producing tumors that express somatostatin receptors (SSTR) that can be treated with lutetium-177 DOTATATE (Lu-177-TRT); however, treatment can be associated with life-threatening cardiovascular events. A patient case with management strategies for high-risk PPGL patients receiving Lu-177-TRT is described. The 78-year-old patient with metastatic paraganglioma was enrolled and treated under NCT03206060. Deemed to be at high risk, the patient was preemptively admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with central line access placed...

BACKGROUND: A non-tunneled dialysis catheter (nTDC) is often the vascular access of choice to initiate dialysis in an intensive care unit (ICU). In the absence of contraindications, if a patient remains dialysis dependent beyond 2-weeks, the options are either to replace the nTDC with another nTDC or convert to a tunneled dialysis catheter (TDC). As a standard of care, TDCs are placed under fluoroscopic guidance. OBJECTIVES: To determine if TDCs and other tunneled central venous catheters (tCVC) can be placed safely using anatomical landmark techniques without the use of fluoroscopy...

BACKGROUND: Most surveillance systems for catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) and central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are based on manual chart review. Our objective was to validate a fully automated algorithm for CRBSI and CLABSI surveillance in intensive care units (ICU). METHODS: We developed a fully automated algorithm to detect CRBSI, CLABSI and ICU-onset bloodstream infections (ICU-BSI) in patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary care hospital in Switzerland...

Irritable bowel syndrome are responsive to treatments using central neuromodulators. Central neuromodulators work by enhancing the synaptic transmission of 5-hydroxytryptamine, noradrenalin and dopamine, achieving a slower regulation or desensitization of their postsynaptic receptors. Central neuromodulators act on receptors along the brain-gut axis, so they are useful in treating psychiatric comorbidities, modifying gut motility, improving central downregulation of visceral signals and enhancing neurogenesis in patients with IBS...