keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37223860/transmission-of-hepatitis-e-virus
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yansheng Geng, Tengfei Shi, Youchun Wang
Transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) occurs predominantly by the fecal-oral route. Large epidemics of hepatitis E in the developing countries of Asia and Africa are waterborne and spread through contaminated drinking water. The reservoir of HEV in developed countries is believed to be in animals with zoonotic transmission to humans, possibly through direct contact or the consumption of undercooked contaminated meat. And HEV transmission through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, and vertical transmission has been reported...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37223857/epidemiology-of-hepatitis-e
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yansheng Geng, Tengfei Shi, Youchun Wang
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is globally prevalent with relatively high percentages of anti-HEV immunoglobulin G-positive individuals in the populations of developing and developed countries. There are two distinct epidemiological patterns of hepatitis E. In areas with high disease endemicity, primarily developing countries in Asia and Africa, this disease is caused mainly by genotypes HEV-1 or HEV-2; both genotypes transmit predominantly through contaminated water and occur as either outbreaks or sporadic cases of acute hepatitis...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37223856/characteristics-and-functions-of-hev-proteins
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yan Zhou, Chenyan Zhao, Yabin Tian, Nan Xu, Youchun Wang
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a non-enveloped virus containing a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of 7.2 kb, which consists of a 5' non-coding region, three open reading frames (ORFs), and a 3' non-coding region. ORF1 is diverse between genotypes and encodes the nonstructural proteins, which include the enzymes needed for virus replication. In addition to its role in virus replication, the function of ORF1 is relevant to viral adaption in culture and may also relate to virus infection and HEV pathogenicity...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37223855/hepatitis-e-virus
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Youchun Wang, Chenyan Zhao, Ying Qi, Yansheng Geng
Since the sequence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) was determined from a patient with enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis in 1989, similar sequences have been isolated from many different animals, including pigs, wild boars, deer, rabbits, bats, rats, chicken, and trout. All of these sequences have the same genomic organization, which contains open reading frames (ORFs) 1, 2, and 3, although their genomic sequences are variable. Some have proposed that they be classified as new family, Hepeviridae, which would be further divided into different genera and species according to their sequence variability...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37121656/aptamer-based-nanointerferometer-enables-amplification-free-ultrasensitive-detection-and-differentiation-of-sars-cov-2-variants
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Changtian Chen, Xiaohui Song, Yuanling Yu, Xingwei Wang, Hua Xu, Weiwei Ji, Jingchen Ma, Chenyan Zhao, Silu Feng, Youchun Wang, Xiao-Dong Su, Wei Wang
The state-of-the-art SARS-CoV-2 detection methods include qRT-PCR and antibody-based lateral flow assay (LFA) point-of-care tests. Despite the high sensitivity and selectivity, qRT-PCR is slow, expensive and needs well-trained operators. On the other extreme, LFA suffers from low sensitivity albeit its fast detection speed, low detection cost and ease of use. Therefore, the continuing COVID-19 pandemic calls for a SARS-CoV-2 detection method that is rapid, convenient and cost-effective without compromise in sensitivity...
June 15, 2023: Analytica Chimica Acta
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37117161/monkeypox-virus-quadrivalent-mrna-vaccine-induces-immune-response-and-protects-against-vaccinia-virus
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ye Sang, Zhen Zhang, Fan Liu, Haitao Lu, Changxiao Yu, Huisheng Sun, Jinrong Long, Yiming Cao, Jierui Mai, Yiqi Miao, Xin Wang, Jiaxin Fang, Youchun Wang, Weijin Huang, Jing Yang, Shengqi Wang
Monkeypox has been declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization. There is an urgent need for efficient and safe vaccines against the monkeypox virus (MPXV) in response to the rapidly spreading monkeypox epidemic. In the age of COVID-19, mRNA vaccines have been highly successful and emerged as platforms enabling rapid development and large-scale preparation. Here, we develop two MPXV quadrivalent mRNA vaccines, named mRNA-A-LNP and mRNA-B-LNP, based on two intracellular mature virus specific proteins (A29L and M1R) and two extracellular enveloped virus specific proteins (A35R and B6R)...
April 28, 2023: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37041132/high-throughput-screening-of-spike-variants-uncovers-the-key-residues-that-alter-the-affinity-and-antigenicity-of-sars-cov-2
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yufeng Luo, Shuo Liu, Jiguo Xue, Ye Yang, Junxuan Zhao, Ying Sun, Bolun Wang, Shenyi Yin, Juan Li, Yuchao Xia, Feixiang Ge, Jiqiao Dong, Lvze Guo, Buqing Ye, Weijin Huang, Youchun Wang, Jianzhong Jeff Xi
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has elicited a worldwide pandemic since late 2019. There has been ~675 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, leading to more than 6.8 million deaths as of March 1, 2023. Five SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) were tracked as they emerged and were subsequently characterized. However, it is still difficult to predict the next dominant variant due to the rapid evolution of its spike (S) glycoprotein, which affects the binding activity between cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and blocks the presenting epitope from humoral monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognition...
April 11, 2023: Cell Discovery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36920704/pseudotyped-viruses-for-the-alphavirus-chikungunya-virus
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiajing Wu, Weijin Huang, Youchun Wang
Members of the genus Alphavirus are mostly mosquito-borne pathogens that cause disease in their vertebrate hosts. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is one member of the genus Alphavirus [1], has been a major health problem in endemic areas since its re-emergence in 2006. CHIKV is transmitted to mammalian hosts by the Aedes mosquito, causing persistent debilitating symptoms in many cases. At present, there is no specific treatment or vaccine. Experiments involving live CHIKV need to be performed in BSL-3 facilities, which limits vaccine and drug research...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36920703/pseudotyped-viruses-for-mammarenavirus
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qianqian Li, Weijing Huang, Youchun Wang
Mammarenaviruses are classified into New World arenaviruses (NW) and Old World arenaviruses (OW). The OW arenaviruses include the first discovered mammarenavirus-lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and the highly lethal Lassa virus (LASV). Mammarenaviruses are transmitted to human by rodents, resulting in severe acute infections and hemorrhagic fever. Pseudotyped viruses have been widely used as a tool in the study of mammarenaviruses. HIV-1, SIV, FIV-based lentiviral vectors, VSV-based vectors, MLV-based vectors, and reverse genetic approaches have been applied in the construction of pseudotyped mammarenaviruses...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36920702/pseudotyped-virus-for-bandavirus
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruifeng Chen, Weijing Huang, Youchun Wang
The genus Bandavirus, belonging to family Phenuiviridae, order Bunyavirales, consists of eight tick-borne bunyaviruses. The Dabie bandavirus, formerly known as severe fever with thrombocytopenia virus (SFTSV), belongs to the genus Bandavirus. This emerging pathogen was first identified in central China in 2009. In recent years, the disease has been reported to cause several outbreaks in eastern Asia areas, including China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Tick-to-human transmission is the main route of infection in humans, and transmission via the contact of body fluids from person-to-person was also reported...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36920701/pseudotyped-viruses-for-phlebovirus
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiajing Wu, Weijin Huang, Youchun Wang
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a member of the Phlebovirus genus, one of the 20 genera in the Phenuiviridae family. RVFV causes disease in animals and humans and is transmitted by sandflies or ticks. However, research into RVFV is limited by the requirement for biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) containment. Pseudotyped virus overcomes this limitation as it can be handled in a BSL-2 environment. Pseudotyped RVFV possesses an identical envelope protein structure to that of the authentic virus, simulating the same process of receptor binding and membrane fusion to host cells...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36920700/pseudotyped-viruses-for-orthohantavirus
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tingting Ning, Weijin Huang, Li Min, Yi Yang, Si Liu, Junxuan Xu, Nan Zhang, Si-An Xie, Shengtao Zhu, Youchun Wang
Orthohantaviruses, members of the Orthohantavirus genus of Hantaviridae family of the Bunyavirales order, are enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded, tripartite RNA viruses. They are emerging zoonotic pathogens carried by small mammals including rodents, moles, shrews, and bats and are the etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) among humans. With the characteristics of low biological risk but strong operability, a variety of pseudotyped viruses have been constructed as alternatives to authentic orthohantaviruses to help delineate the roles of host factors in viral entry and other virus-host interactions, to assist in deciphering mechanisms of immune response and correlates of protection, to enhance our understanding of viral antigenic property, to characterize viral entry inhibitors, and to be developed as vaccines...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36920698/pseudotyped-viruses-for-lyssavirus
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenbo Wang, Caifeng Long, Lan Wang, Youchun Wang
Lyssaviruses, which belong to the family Rhabdoviridae, are enveloped and bullet-shaped ssRNA viruses with genetic diversity. All members of Lyssavirus genus are known to infect warm-blooded animals and cause the fatal disease rabies. The rabies virus (RABV) in lyssavirus is the major pathogen to cause fatal rabies. The pseudotyped RABV is constructed to study the biological functions of G protein and evaluation of anti-RABV products including vaccine-induced antisera, rabies immunoglobulins (RIG), neutralizing mAbs, and other antiviral inhibitors...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36920697/pseudotyped-virus-for-henipavirus
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tao Li, Ziteng Liang, Weijin Huang, Youchun Wang
The genus Henipavirus (HNV) includes two virulent infectious viruses, Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV), which are the focus of considerable public health research efforts and have been classified as priority infectious diseases by the World Health Organization. Both viruses are high risk and should be handled in biosafety level 4 laboratories. Pseudotyped viruses containing the envelope proteins of HNV viruses have the same envelope protein structure as the authentic viruses; thus, they can mimic the receptor-binding and membrane fusion processes of authentic viruses with host cells and can be handled in biosafety level 2 laboratories...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36920695/pseudotyped-viruses-for-coronaviruses
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meiyu Wang, Jianhui Nie, Youchun Wang
Seven coronaviruses have been identified that can infect humans, four of which usually cause mild symptoms, including HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1, three of which are lethal coronaviruses, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Pseudotyped virus is an important tool in the field of human coronavirus research because it is safe, easy to prepare, easy to detect, and highly modifiable...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36920694/pseudotyped-viruses-for-marburgvirus-and-ebolavirus
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Li Zhang, Shou Liu, Youchun Wang
Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) of the Filoviridae family are the most lethal viruses in terms of mortality rate. However, the development of antiviral treatment is hampered by the requirement for biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) containment. The establishment of BSL-2 pseudotyped viruses can provide important tools for the study of filoviruses. This chapter summarizes general information on the filoviruses and then focuses on the construction of replication-deficient pseudotyped MARV and EBOV (e.g., lentivirus system and vesicular stomatitis virus system)...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36920693/pseudotyped-virus-for-papillomavirus
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xueling Wu, Jianhui Nie, Youchun Wang
Papillomavirus is difficult to culture in vitro, which limits its related research. The development of pseudotyped virus technology provides a valuable research tool for virus infectivity research, vaccine evaluation, infection inhibitor evaluation, and so on. Depending on the application fields, different measures have been developed to generate various kinds of pseudotyped papillomavirus. L1-based and L2-based HPV vaccines should be evaluated using different pseudotyped virus system. Pseudotyped papillomavirus animal models need high-titer pseudotyped virus and unique handling procedure to generate robust results...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36920690/assays-based-on-pseudotyped-viruses
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jianhui Nie, Xueling Wu, Youchun Wang
Pseudotyped viruses are more and more widely used in virus research and the evaluation of antiviral products because of their high safety, simple operation, high accessibility, ease in achieving standardization, and high throughput. The development of measures based on pseudotyped virus is closely related to the characteristics of viruses, and it is also necessary to follow the principles of assay development. Only in the process of method development, where the key parameters that affect the results are systematically optimized and the preliminary established method is fully validated, can the accuracy, reliability, and repeatability of the test results be ensured...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36920689/pseudotyped-viruses
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Youchun Wang, Zehua Zhou, Xi Wu, Tao Li, Jiajing Wu, Meina Cai, Jianhui Nie, Wenbo Wang, Zhimin Cui
Pseudotyped viruses have been constructed for many viruses. They can mimic the authentic virus and have many advantages compared to authentic viruses. Thus, they have been widely used as a surrogate of authentic virus for viral function analysis, detection of neutralizing antibodies, screening viral entry inhibitors, and others. This chapter reviewed the progress in the field of pseudotyped viruses in general, including the definition and the advantages of pseudotyped viruses, their potential usage, different strategies or vectors used for the construction of pseudotyped viruses, and factors that affect the construction of pseudotyped viruses...
2023: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36831994/smart-a-swing-assisted-multiplexed-analyzer-for-point-of-care-respiratory-tract-infection-testing
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Li Zhang, Xu Wang, Dongchen Liu, Yu Wu, Li Feng, Chunyan Han, Jiajia Liu, Ying Lu, Dmitriy V Sotnikov, Youchun Xu, Jing Cheng
Respiratory tract infections such as the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has seriously threatened public health in the last decades. The experience of fighting against the epidemic highlights the importance of user-friendly and accessible point-of-care systems for nucleic acid (NA) detection. To realize low-cost and multiplexed point-of-care NA detection, a swing-assisted multiplexed analyzer for point-of-care respiratory tract infection testing (SMART) was proposed to detect multiple respiratory tract pathogens using visible loop-mediated isothermal amplification...
February 4, 2023: Biosensors
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