Cancer pathways

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. However, the lack of reliable biomarkers has made its diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment challenging. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of programmed cell death that is strongly related to the immune system. However, its function in GC requires further investigation. METHOD: We used multi-omics and multi-angle approaches to comprehensively explore the prognostic features of ICD in patients with stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD)...

Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) has been reported to play important roles in many tumors. However, FOXO1 has not been studied in pan-cancer. The purpose of this study was to reveal the roles of FOXO1 in pan-cancer (33 cancers in this study). Through multiple public platforms, a pan-cancer analysis of FOXO1 was conducted to obtained FOXO1 expression profiles in various tumors to explore the relationship between FOXO1 expression and prognosis of these tumors and to disclose the potential mechanism of FOXO1 in these tumors...

Mitochondria represent the metabolic hub of normal cells and play this role also in cancer but with different functional purposes. While cells in differentiated tissues have the prerogative of maintaining basal metabolism and support the biosynthesis of specialized products, cancer cells have to rewire the metabolic constraints imposed by the differentiation process. They need to balance the bioenergetic supply with the anabolic requirements that entail the intense proliferation rate, including nucleotide and membrane lipid biosynthesis...

It remains unclear if pre-diagnostic factors influence the developmental pathways of colorectal cancer (CRC) that could enhance tumor aggressiveness. This study used prospective data from 205,489 cancer-free US health professionals to investigate the associations of 31 known or putative risk factors with the risk of aggressive CRC. Tumor aggressiveness was characterized by three endpoints: aggressive CRC (cancer that causes death within 5 years of diagnosis), fatal CRC, and tumor stage at diagnosis. The data augmentation method was used to assess the difference in the associations between risk factors and endpoints...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal cancer characterized by a poor outcome and an increasing incidence. A significant majority (>80%) of newly diagnosed cases are deemed unresectable, leaving chemotherapy as the sole viable option, though with only moderate success. This necessitates the identification of improved therapeutic options for PDA. We hypothesized that there are temporal variations in cancer-relevant processes within PDA tumors, offering insights into the optimal timing of drug administration - a concept termed chronotherapy...

Polyphyllin VII is a biologically active herbal monomer extracted from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Chonglou. Many studies have demonstrated the anticancer activity of polyphyllin VII against various types of cancers, such as colon, liver, and lung cancer, but its effect on breast cancer has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that polyphyllin VII inhibited proliferation, increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in breast cancer cells...

In recent years, due to advancements in medical conditions and the development of scientific research, the fundamental research of TCM antitumor treatments has progressed from the cellular level to the molecular and genetic levels. Previous studies have demonstrated the significant role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in antitumor therapy through various mechanisms and pathways. Its mechanism of action is closely associated with cancer biology across different stages. This includes inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, blocking invasion and metastasis to surrounding tissues, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, regulating immune function, maintaining genome stability, preventing mutation, and regulating cell energy metabolism...

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effect of raltitrexed + X-ray irradiation on esophageal cancer ECA109 cells and analyze the potential action mechanism. METHODS: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to analyze the inhibitory effect of raltitrexed on cell proliferation. The effect of raltitrexed on radiosensitivity was studied through a clone-forming experiment. The scratch assay and invasion test were performed to understand the cell migration and invasion abilities...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the expression and regulatory mechanisms of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 12 (ADAM12) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and cells. METHODS: Download and analyze the expression levels of ADAM12 in the TCGA and GSE68468 datasets. Collect paraffin-preserved specimens from the Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital from April 2017 to December 2019 and detect the expression of ADAM12 through immunohistochemistry...

UNLABELLED: Genes related to MAPK-ERK signaling pathways, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition induction is evolutionarily conserved and has crucial roles in the regulation of important cellular processes, including cell proliferation. In this study, six cannabinoids from  Cannabis sativa  were docked with MAPK-ERK signaling pathways to identify their possible binding interactions. The results showed that all the cannabinoids have good binding affinities with the target proteins...

Anthocyanin (ACN) is a natural antioxidant with multiple biological activities, and the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of ACN on the development and progression of lung cancer and to further explore its possible mechanism of action. In vivo, we fed C57BL/6J mice a 0.5%ACN diet or a control diet to observe their effects on the development and progression of urethane-induced lung cancer. In vitro, multiple lung cancer cell lines were used to investigate the effects of C3G on cell viability...

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors alone, or in combination with chemotherapy failed to provide meaningful clinical activity for patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC). ONC201 is a small molecule that inactivates AKT and ERK signaling and actives the TRAIL pathway. Preclinical studies indicated potential benefits of combining ONC201 with checkpoint inhibitors. This is a phase Ib/II trial of ONC201 plus nivolumab for patient with MSS CRC who progressed on standard treatment...

INTRODUCTION: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and universally lethal malignancy with limited treatment options. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has recently been approved for unresectable MPM, but response to ICIs is heterogeneous, and reliable biomarkers for prospective selection of appropriate subpopulations likely to benefit from ICIs remain elusive. METHODS: We performed multiscale integrative analyses of published primary tumor data set from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the French cohort E-MTAB-1719 to unravel the tumor immune microenvironment of MPM deficient in BAP1 , one of the most frequently mutated tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in the disease...

The field of immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), holds immense potential in mitigating the progression of cancer. However, the challenges of insufficient tumor antigen production and the immunosuppressive state in the tumor microenvironment substantially impede patients from deriving benefits. In this research, we present a tumor-microenvironment-modulation manganese-based nanosystem, PEG-MnMOF@PTX, aiming to improve the responsiveness of ICB. Under acidic conditions, the released Mn2+ accomplishes multiple objectives...

OBJECTIVES: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by significant heterogeneity, presenting a formidable challenge with a poor prognosis and a deficiency of efficacious treatment options. METHODS: In this comprehensive study, we investigated the multifaceted role of Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 2 (MFAP2) in TNBC using a combination of bioinformatics analysis involving Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), OncoDB, UALCAN, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), TIMER, STRING, DAVID, and GSCA databases and in vitro experiments, such as cell culture, MFAP2 gene knockdown, RT-qPCR, western Blot, colony formation, Cell counting kit-8, and wound healing assays...

OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women. An Estrogen Receptor (ER) antagonist called tamoxifen is used as an adjuvant therapy for ER-positive breast cancers. Approximately 40% of patients develop tamoxifen resistance (TAMR) while receiving treatment. Cancer cells can rewire their metabolism to develop resistant phenotypes, and their metabolic state determines how receptive they are to chemotherapy. METHODS: Metabolite extraction from human MCF-7 and MCF-7/TAMR cells was done using the methanol-methanol-water extraction method...

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis (OP) stands as a prevalent bone ailment affecting the elderly, globally. The identification of reliable diagnostic markers crucially aids OP clinical management. METHODS: Utilizing the GEO database (GSE35959), we acquired expression profiles for OP and normal samples. Differential expression genes (DEGs) and hub genes were pinpointed through STRING, GEO2R, and Cytoscape. The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed using miRTarBase, miRDB, and MiRcode databases...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prognostic role of RNF113A in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its relationship with immune infiltration. METHODS: Data from publicly available datasets were collected and analyzed to evaluate RNF113A expression in different tumors compared with normal samples and investigate the relationship between RNF113A and CRC survival. The protein expression of RNF113A among colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT116, Caco2, Colon3) and human colorectal mucosa cell (FHC) was detected as well...

OBJECTIVE: Acyl-CoA thioesterase 13 (ACOT13) is involved in lipid biosynthesis, gene transcription, and signal transduction. We explored the potential of ACOT13 to predict ovarian cancer (OC) prognosis and patient immunotherapy responses. METHODS: The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases were used to extract raw data. To investigate the potential of ACOT13 as a prognostic and immunotherapeutic marker for OC, bioinformatic analyses were performed using the TIMER website, LinkedOmics database, and R software...

The v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogenic homolog B1 (BRAF) V600E is a rare mutation that functions as an oncogenic driver in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) leading to the overactivation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK (MAPK) pathway and the subsequent uncontrolled cell proliferation. Understanding the mechanism behind BRAF mutation, its inhibition, and relationship to the upstream and downstream effector is essential for advancing treatment strategies for NSCLC patients with the BRAF V600E mutation...