Therapeutic effect

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurological disorder that severely damages the brain and causes cognitive impairment. MicroRNAs are critical regulators in a variety of neurological diseases. MiR-497-5p has been found to be downregulated in the aneurysm vessel walls obtained from patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but its functions and mechanisms in SAH have not been reported. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of miR-497-5p and its related mechanisms in SAH. We established an in vitro SAH model by exposing PC12 cells to oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb)...

The application of microbiome-based therapies in various areas of human disease has recently increased. In chronic respiratory disease, microbiome-based clinical applications are considered compelling options due to the limitations of current treatments. The lung microbiome is ecologically dynamic and affected by various conditions, and dysbiosis is associated with disease severity, exacerbation, and phenotype as well as with chronic respiratory disease endotype. However, it is not easy to directly modulate the lung microbiome...

BACKGROUND: Total gastrectomy with D2 dissection including splenectomy (TGS) is usually selected for locally resectable scirrhous gastric cancer (SGC), which was established in the era of surgery alone. However, it remains unclear whether TGS for SGC is justified in the era of effective adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: This study included 112 SGC patients, consisting of 60 cases treated between January 2000 and December 2006 (Former group), and 52 cases treated between January 2007 and December 2016 (Latter group)...

Conventional approaches for treating tumors encompass chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. However, these methods come with their limitations when applied in clinical practice. Aptamers are often referred to as "chemical antibodies" and consist of short DNA or RNA molecules, designed to bind to a wide range of targets, including proteins or nucleic acid structures. They exhibit strong affinities and remarkable specificity for their target molecules, making them capable of functioning as therapeutic agents to directly impede tumor cell proliferation...

BACKGROUND: Linagliptin is an oral dipeptidyl peptidase DPP-4 inhibitor, which is indicated for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as monotherapy or add-on to therapy with other hypoglycemic drugs. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to summarize the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the safety of linagliptin focusing on cardiovascular risks among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search across the following databases: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials...

Glycosylation alterations in TNBC have significant implications for tumor behavior, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies. Dysregulated glycosylation affects cell adhesion, signaling, immune recognition, and response to therapy in TNBC. Different types of glycosylation, including N-linked glycosylation, O-linked glycosylation, glycosphingolipid glycosylation, mucin-type glycosylation, and sialylation, play distinct roles in TNBC. The "barcoding" method based on glycosylation sites of the membrane type mannose receptor (MR) shows promise in accurately distinguishing breast cancer subtypes, including TNBC...

BACKGROUND: Empirical use of pharmacogenetic test(PGT) is advocated for many drugs, and resource-rich setting hospitals are using the same commonly. The clinical translation of pharmacogenetic tests in terms of cost and clinical utility is yet to be examined in hospitals of low middle income countries (LMICs). AIM: The present study assessed the clinical utility of PGT by comparing the pharmacogenetically(PGT) guided- versus standard of care(SOC)- warfarin therapy, including the health economics of the two warfarin therapies...

<u> <i/> </u>Although psychedelic and hallucinogenic substances have gained popularity for therapeutic use, their dermatologic adverse effects are poorly characterized. This review characterizes the cutaneous reactions associated with psychedelic and hallucinogenic drugs. A review of PubMed and Scopus was conducted from the inception of databases to August 31, 2023. Search terms included drug names and classes (cannabis, MDMA, ecstasy, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, psychedelics, hallucinogens, peyote, marijuana, lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD, ketamine, dimethyltryptamine, DMT, phencyclidine, PCP, dextromethorphan, psilocybin, and ayahuasca), and dermatosis terms (dermatitis, contact dermatitis, drug eruption, skin reaction, and urticaria)...

We present a case of an adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) located in the upper trachea, which resulted in significant airway blockage, that was unsuitable for surgical removal due to concerns about functional impairment. Instead, endotracheal enucleation via rigid bronchoscopy was performed initially, followed by the injection of a novel tumor ablation agent known as para-toluenesulfonamide (PTS). We detail the dosing regimen, effectiveness evaluation, and post-treatment follow-up. The study highlights the potential of PTS injection as a viable alternative treatment option for patients with ACC who cannot undergo surgical resection and feasibility of lipiodol to monitor treatment effect...

UNLABELLED: Objective TheDES are formed by mixing a Hydrogen Bond Donor (HBD) and a Hydrogen Bond Acceptor (HBA) in appropriate molar ratios. These solvents have been shown to enhance drug solubility, permeability, and delivery. The main objective of the present article is to review these advantages of TheDES. SIGNIFICANCE: TheDES show unique properties, such as low toxicity, biodegradability, improved bioavailability and enhanced drug delivery of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients...

Neuronal death resulting from ischemic stroke is the primary cause of adult mortality and disability, and effective neuroprotective agents for poststroke intervention are still lacking. Remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) has demonstrated significant protective effects against ischemia in various organs; however, the specific mechanisms are not fully understood. This study investigated the potential neuroprotective mechanisms of RIPostC in the context of ischemic stroke. Using a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion, we found that RIPostC mitigated neurological damage, improved movement in the open-field test, and protected against neuronal apoptosis...

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder with a multifaceted pathogenesis. Immune dysregulation and immune cell dysfunction are among the mechanisms involved. TEA domain family member 4 (TEAD4) is suggested to play a role in psoriasis development. TEAD4 expression in keratinocytes may have a chemotactic effect and could disturb the function of FOXP3-positive T lymphocytes. This study aimed to evaluate the expressions of TEAD4 and FOXP3 in lesional, nonlesional psoriatic, and healthy skin and assess the clinical impact of their expression...

Apoptosis releases numerous apoptotic vesicles that regulate processes such as cell proliferation, immunity, and tissue regeneration and repair. Now, it has also emerged as an attractive candidate for biotherapeutics. However, apoptotic vesicles encompass a diverse range of subtypes, and it remains unclear which specific subtypes play a pivotal role. In this study, we successfully isolated different apoptotic vesicle subtypes based on their sizes and characterized them using NTA and TEM techniques, respectively...

Sleep disorders are prevalent and often neglected among breast cancer patients. This study aimed to identify the association among perceived stress, loneliness, resilience and sleep disorders and to further explore whether resilience could be a moderator in the association between them and sleep disorders. A cross-sectional study was conducted by 492 female breast cancer patients. Patients were asked in response to the questionnaires including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Perceived Stress Scale-10, the Three-Item Loneliness Scale and Resilience Scale-14...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and ferroptosis show significant potential in tumor treatment. However, their therapeutic efficacy is often hindered by the oxygen-deficient tumor microenvironment and the challenges associated with efficient intracellular drug delivery into tumor cells. Toward this end, this work synthesized perfluorocarbon (PFC)-modified Pluronic F127 (PFC-F127), and then exploits it as a carrier for codelivery of photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and the ferroptosis promoter sorafenib (Sor), yielding an oxygen self-supplying nanoplatform denoted as Ce6-Sor@PFC-F127...

Krüppel-like factor 13 (KLF13), a zinc finger transcription factor, is considered as a potential regulator of cardiomyocyte differentiation and proliferation during heart morphogenesis. However, its precise role in the dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during atherosclerosis and neointimal formation after injury remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the relationship between KLF13 and SM22α expression in normal and atherosclerotic plaques by bioanalysis, and observed a significant increase in KLF13 levels in the atherosclerotic plaques of both human patients and ApoE-/- mice...

The objective of this study was to assess the use of midline catheters as venous access for apheresis procedures in pediatric patients. A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted from September 2019 to June 2022 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of midline catheters for therapeutic pediatric apheresis. During the study period, a total of 121 procedures were inserted in 22 unique patients. The age of the subjects ranged from 2.7 to 21 years. The blood flow rates achieved with midline catheters met or exceeded the recommended rates for apheresis in children (40 mL/min), by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p < 0...

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating autoimmune disease with increasing global prevalence. It predominantly affects females, especially those of European descent. The interplay between environmental factors and genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in MS etiopathogenesis. Methods: We search recent relevant literature on reputable databases, which include, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceGirect using the following keywords: multiple sclerosis, pathogenesis, autoimmunity, demyelination, therapy, immunotherapy...

The discovery of alternative medicines with fewer adverse effects is urgently needed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Sophoridine (SR), the naturally occurring quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from the leguminous sophora species, has been demonstrated to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities. However, the effect of SR on RA remains unknown. In this study, the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were utilized to investigate the inhibitory effect of SR on RA...

Lutein is a naturally occurring carotenoid synthesized by plants and algae that has a beneficial effect on several biological processes and associated ailments. Its immediate application is in ophthalmology, where it significantly lowers the incidences of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It also has anti-inflammatory action, treatment of diabetic retinopathy, and cataracts, and enhancement of visual contrast. To critically assess lutein biosynthesis, therapeutic applicability, and market research literature...