latent infection

BACKGROUND: The existence of chronic pain increases susceptibility to virus and is now widely acknowledged as a prominent feature recognized as a major manifestation of long-term coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Given the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to explore the genetic associations between chronic pain and predisposition to COVID-19. METHODS: We conducted genetic analysis at the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), gene, and molecular levels using summary statistics of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and analyzed the drug targets by summary data-based Mendelian randomization analysis (SMR) to alleviate the multi-site chronic pain in COVID-19...

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In the world, tuberculosis is an important factor affecting women's reproductive health, which can cause reproductive tract anatomy abnormalities, embryo implantation obstacles, ovarian reserve and ovulation dysfunction, leading to female infertility. This group of women usually need to seek assisted reproductive technology to conceive. Latent tuberculosis infection during pregnancy has no clinical manifestation, but may develop into active tuberculosis, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes...

Susceptibility to COVID-19, the most devastating global pandemic, appears to vary widely across different population groups. Exposure to toxoplasmosis has been proposed as a theory to explain the diversity of these populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association between latent toxoplasmosis and COVID-19 and its probable correlation with markers of oxidative stress, C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin. In a case-control study, blood samples were collected from 91 confirmed (48 non-pneumonic; NP, and 43 pneumonic; P) COVID-19 patients and 45 healthy controls...

BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are among the most prevalent foodborne parasitic and bacterial infections worldwide. However, the concurrent impact of coinfection on gastric pathology has yet to be studied in depth. The effect of coinfection generally either adds a synergetic or antagonistic impact; we aimed in the current work to assess the impact of T. gondii coinfection on the progression of H. pylori-associated gastric pathology and reporting H...

Despite the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in prolonging the lifespan of individuals infected with HIV-1, it does not offer a cure for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The "block and lock" approach aims to maintain the provirus in a state of extended transcriptional arrest. By employing the "block and lock" strategy, researchers endeavor to impede disease progression by preventing viral rebound for an extended duration following patient stops receiving ART. The crux of this strategy lies in the utilization of latency-promoting agents (LPAs) that are suitable for impeding HIV-1 provirus transcription...

BACKGROUND: Influenza's potential impact on active tuberculosis (TB) development has been debated, with limited clinical evidence. To address this, we explored the association between influenza episodes and TB incidence in a national cohort of individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI). METHODS: We examined adults (≥20 years) diagnosed with LTBI between 2015 and 2020, using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service's national database in South Korea...

OBJECTIVE: To describe syphilis treatment status and prenatal care among people with syphilis during pregnancy to identify missed opportunities for preventing congenital syphilis. METHODS: Six jurisdictions that participated in SET-NET (Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Pregnant People and Infants Network) conducted enhanced surveillance among people with syphilis during pregnancy based on case investigations, medical records, and linkage of laboratory data with vital records...

BACKGROUND: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening and treatment interventions that are tailored to optimize acceptance among the non-U.S.-born population are essential for U.S. tuberculosis elimination. We investigated the impact of medical interpreter use on LTBI treatment acceptance and completion among non-U.S.-born persons in a multisite study. METHODS: The Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium was a prospective cohort study that enrolled participants at high risk for LTBI at ten U...

INTRODUCTION: The National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ) is a common patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) in uveitis trials. Its psychometric properties using state-of-the-art scoring based on Rasch models, a latent trait model that improves accuracy of PROMs assessment, has not yet been investigated. METHODS: The study participants were recruited online from uveitis patient organizations, where individuals self-reported their uveitis diagnosis and visual acuity level...

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare benign tumor caused mainly by the infection of the respiratory tract epithelial cells by the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6/11. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the inhibition of the host's innate immune response by HPV remain unclear. For this purpose, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the states of various immune cells in RRP samples post-HPV infection and utilized a cellular model of HPV infection to elucidate the mechanisms by which HPV evades the innate immune system in RRP...

Little is known about the protection conferred by antibodies from natural human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Our objective was to evaluate the association between HPV16 seroreactivity and HPV16 redetection, newly detected HPV infections, and loss of HPV DNA detection during follow-up. We analyzed data from 2462 unvaccinated Brazilian women. HPV16 IgG and neutralizing antibodies at baseline were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (n = 1975) and by the pseudovirus-based papillomavirus neutralization assay (n = 487)...

OBJECTIVES: Silicosis people are at high risk of developing pulmonary tuberculosis. Whether silica exposure increases the likelihood of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) was not well understood, and potential factors involved in LTBI risk among silicosis people were not evaluated before. Thus, LTBI among silicosis people and potential risk factors for LTBI among silicosis people were evaluated in this study. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken for 130 miner workers with silicosis...

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) ranks as the second leading cause of death globally among all infectious diseases. This problem is likely due to the lack of biomarkers to differentiate the heterogeneous spectrum of infection. Therefore, the first step in solving this problem is to identify biomarkers to distinguish the different disease states of an individual and treat them accordingly. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers are promising candidates for various diseases. In fact, we are yet to conceptualize how miRNA expression influences and predicts TB disease outcomes...

The incidence rate of tuberculosis in prisons is estimated to be 8 times greater than that in the general population in Madagascar. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV infection among prisoners and to identify risk factors associated with tuberculosis. We conducted a cross-sectional study at the central prison of Antananarivo from March to July 2021. Individual male and female inmates aged ≥ 13 years who had lived in the prison for at least three months prior to the study period were included as participants...

Wastewater surveillance has been increasingly acknowledged as a useful tool for monitoring transmission dynamics of infections of public health concern, including the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). While a range of models have been proposed to estimate the time-varying effective reproduction number (Rt ) utilizing clinical data, few have harnessed the viral concentration in wastewater samples to do so, leaving uncertainties about the potential precision gains with its use. In this study, we developed a Bayesian hierarchical model which simultaneously reconstructed the latent infection trajectory and estimated Rt ...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an important cause of human lymphomas, including Burkitt lymphoma (BL). EBV+ BLs are driven by Myc translocation and have stringent forms of viral latency that do not express either of the two major EBV oncoproteins, EBNA2 (which mimics Notch signaling) and LMP1 (which activates NF-κB signaling). Suppression of Myc-induced apoptosis, often through mutation of the TP53 (p53) gene or inhibition of pro-apoptotic BCL2L11 (BIM) gene expression, is required for development of Myc-driven BLs...

UNLABELLED: Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is a ubiquitous facultative pathogen, which establishes a characteristic latent and reactivating lifelong infection in immunocompetent hosts. Murine CMV (mCMV) infection is widely used as an experimental model of hCMV infection, employed to investigate the causal nature and extent of CMV's contribution to inflammatory, immunological, and health disturbances in humans. Therefore, mimicking natural human infection in mice would be advantageous to hCMV research...

Gammaherpesviruses (γHVs) are recognized as important pathogens in humans but their relationship with other animal hosts, especially wildlife species, is less well characterized. Our objectives were to examine natural Eptesicus fuscus gammaherpesvirus (EfHV) infections in their host, the big brown bat ( Eptesicus fuscus ), and determine whether infection is associated with disease. In tissue samples from 132 individual big brown bats, EfHV DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in 41 bats. Tissues from 59 of these cases, including 17 from bats with detectable EfHV genomes, were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Pregnant women with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) may develop active tuberculosis infection and could infect their neonates, which could impair the child's immune system due to infection-mediated immunological responses. In order to develop a preventative TB program in this study, we desired to understand the impact of calcitriol in LTBI pregnant women and immunological responses in neonates. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In three hospitals in Medan, North Sumatra, we implemented a case-control design with 84 pregnant women in their third trimester and their newborns...

The aim of our minireview is to provide a brief overview of the diagnosis, clinical aspects, treatment options, management, and current literature available regarding herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). This type of corneal viral infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which can affect several tissues, including the cornea. One significant aspect of HSK is its potential to cause recurrent episodes of inflammation and damage to the cornea. After the initial infection, the HSV can establish a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglion, a nerve cluster near the eye...