Hantavirus in childrens

A review of the literature since 2009 reveals a staggering health and economic burden resulting from neglected tropical diseases in Panama and the six countries of Central America (referred to collectively here as 'Central America'). Particularly at risk are the 10.2million people in the region who live on less than $2 per day, mostly in Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador. Indigenous populations are especially vulnerable to neglected tropical diseases. Currently, more than 8million Central American children require mass drug treatments annually (or more frequently) for their intestinal helminth infections, while vector-borne diseases are widespread...

BACKGROUND: The first cases of Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in children were described in the United States and represented 8% of the total reported cases; in Chile, the proportion of pediatric cases represents 15% of all national cases. AIM: To describe the epidemiology and clinical course of 82 children reported to the Chilean Ministry of Health up to 2007 and to characterize more extensively a subgroup of 24 children whose detailed clinical data were available...

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a reportable infectious disease with a high case-fatality rate, transmitted to humans by exposure to rodents. Each year, 20--40 cases of HPS occur in the United States; cases in persons aged <17 years make up fewer than 7% of those cases, and cases in children aged <10 years are exceptionally rare. CDC received reports of five pediatric cases of HPS occurring during May 16--November 25, 2009, among children aged 6--14 years from Arizona, California, Colorado, and Washington...

INTRODUCTION: A 14-year-old boy with cardiorespiratory failure was referred for air medical transport. The complexity of care during air medical transport and subsequent diagnosis of hantavirus warranted a post hoc review of the literature to establish optimal transport management criteria. METHODS: This is a case report and literature review, defining epidemiology, presentation, cause of pulmonary edema and cardiac failure, management, and outcome. RESULTS: Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome is rare in children...

During an outbreak of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in 1989, five children (3 girls, 2 boys, aged 6.8-16 years) with severe clinical form of the disease, were treated at the Institute of Mother and Child Health of Serbia; four of them were followed-up 22-28 months thereafter. The main clinical features were: fever, headache, myalgia, abdominal and back pains, and vomiting in all, and haemorrhagic syndrome in three; renal syndrome with severe acute renal failure in all five patients. All the patients recovered...

The first three children with Puumala virus nephropathy diagnosis in the Czech Republic are reported on. A boy and two girls were admitted with symptoms of interstitial nephritis. The medical history in all children revealed flu-like symptoms. All patients were mildly pyrexial and had elevated erythrocytes sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and low hemoglobin levels. Serum creatinine levels were elevated and proteinuria exceeded 700 mg/L in all children. Tubular proteinuria, glycosuria, high urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase levels and alpha-1-microglobulin levels confirmed the tubular lesion...

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UNLABELLED: Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) is a rare renal disorder in children. Patients usually present non-specific symptoms and signs so that the diagnosis of ATIN is often delayed. The disease may be infection- or drug-induced or it may occur without a known cause. Early recognition and appropriated therapy usually lead to an excellent prognosis. The aim of the study was to describe clinical and laboratory findings and the course of ATIN in 21 patients, that are typical enough to enable early recognition of the disease as it is potentially reversible...

Hantavirus infection due to Puumala virus causes nephropathica epidemica, a disorder characterized by fever, haematological abnormalities, mild renal dysfunction and ophthalmological abnormalities. The prevalence in most European countries is low, but the virus can be endemic. In children, hantavirus infection is rare. This paper describes a young girl diagnosed with hantavirus infection. The patient presented with high fever, proteinuria, haematuria and eye lesions, but other typical hallmarks of the disease, such as thrombocytopenia and renal dysfunction, were absent...

The first outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Central America was documented on the Azuero peninsula of Panama in late 1999 and 2000. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction evidence implicated only Choclo virus in symptomatic HPS with a mortality rate of 20%, although two rodent-borne hantaviruses (Choclo virus and Calabazo virus) were identified in the peridomestic habitat. Neighborhood serosurveys around case households found seroprevalence rates as high as 30%, the highest in the Americas except for western Paraguay...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article focuses on recent developments in knowledge about hantavirus infections and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in children. We highlight clinical characterization, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic techniques, and current alternatives for treatment and prevention. RECENT FINDINGS: After the first description of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in 1993 in the United States, new cases of HPS and new hantavirus species have been described throughout the Americas...

OBJECTIVE: Sin Nombre hantavirus (SNV) is the leading causative agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the United States and Canada. Relatively few cases of HCPS have involved children. This report describes the clinical characteristics of a series of pediatric cases of SNV infection in the United States and Canada from 1993 through March 2000. METHODS: We analyzed clinical and laboratory data on 13 patients who were </=16 years old with SNV infection from 1993 through March 2000 identified from a database at the University of New Mexico...

In the course of respiratory infections, the efficacy of microbiologic diagnosis has increased years after years, in term of specificity, sensitivity and rapidity. New pathogenic agents have been described such as: Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Hantavirus. Some viruses have been well characterized as responsible for seasonal outbreaks using rapid tools for identification. Needs for efficient diagnostic tools became more obvious when specific antiviral drugs appeared on the market. So technologic developments improved the efficacy of microbiologic diagnosis and anticipate a better specificity as well as sensitivity with the help of molecular biology...

Invasive disease due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) can be divided into 3 categories of disease: streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (strepTSS), necrotizing fasciitis, and other invasive GABHS disease. Patients with strepTSS may have multiorgan failure within hours of presentation. Clindamycin and penicillin G should be used in combination for treatment of invasive GABHS disease. The mortality rate for menstrual staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome has decreased with early recognition and treatment, and removal of hyperabsorbent tampons from the market...

The outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Republic of Bashkortostan, resulting in 10,057 registered cases of the disease (287 cases per 100,000 of the population), was analyzed. HFRS cases among the population were registered in 52 out of 54 regions of Bashkortostan. 31% of the total number of patients were the inhabitants of rural regions (170 cases per 100,000) and 69% were urban dwellers (295 cases per 100,000), mainly in Ufa (512 cases per 100,000). HFRS morbidity among males was fourfold higher than among females...

Newer laboratory techniques have allowed the detection of previously unrecognized microbial agents that are now pathogenic in children, as well as newly recognized manifestations of previously known pathogens. Clinical reports of these newer agents or manifestations are reviewed so that pediatricians can become familiar with these emerging infectious diseases. Physicians need to consider these organisms in the differential diagnosis in appropriate clinical illnesses.

This comprehensive case review of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) during pregnancy in 5 women characterizes the effect of Sin Nombre virus infection on maternal and fetal outcomes. Histopathologic, serological, and clinical information were evaluated for evidence of vertical transmission. Maternal ages ranged from 20 to 34 years and gestational ages from 13 to 29 weeks. Symptoms, physical findings, and laboratory values other than those related to pregnancy were not noticeably different from those of nonpregnant patients with HPS, although fevers were somewhat lower...

This study presents data on 33,000 serum samples studied from July 1989 to June 1996 in Finland, with 6,701 serologically confirmed Puumala virus (PUU) infections. In addition, a PUU serosurvey of 8,000 sera from Finland is presented. On average, 957 PUU infections were detected annually, resulting in an incidence of 19/100,000; mortality was less than 0.1%. The infection was most common in the district of Ita-Savo with an incidence of 90/100,000. The seasonal peak was in November-December; however, the urban population had its incidence peak in August...

Hantavirosis are emerging diseases in the Americas. Although considered rare in children, among the five cases diagnosed in Brazil, one was in this age group. To know the serum-prevalence of hantavirosis in the pediatric group (schoolchildren) of low social economic level in Salvador, Bahia State, and to associate demographic, socio-economic and environmental factors to the serologic results, a standard questionnaire was applied and blood samples were collected from 379 students of two public schools. Sera were tested by indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody (IFA) IgG for Hantaan Virus (HTN) and Immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) for Sin Nombre viruses...

Clinical hantavirus infection was diagnosed in five Argentine children ages 5 to 11 years by immunoglobulin M (IgM)- capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using Sin Nombre virus (SNV) antigens. Death in three of the children was associated with absence of detectable IgG to SNV antigens. An additional two cases in healthy children were studied: one, a breast-fed 15-month-old whose mother died of suspected hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) 8 months previously, had hantavirus IgG (> 1:6400); a second, whose mother survived HPS during month three of pregnancy, apparently had maternal antibodies no longer detectable 1 year after birth...