Permissive

Aim: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional, physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory attributes of pork sausages treated with conventional smoking (CS) and liquid smoke (LS). Materials and Methods: Pork sausages were prepared by employing CS (T1 ) and by addition of LS at 3% (T2A ), 5% (T2B ), and 7% (T2C ) while smoking was not done in control (C) sausages. The ready-to-eat pork sausages were evaluated in terms of proximate composition, emulsion stability (ES), cooking loss (CL), pH, water activity (aw ), texture profile analysis (TPA), and shear force on the day of preparation and the shelf life of the sausages was evaluated on the basis of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) value, organoleptic qualities, total viable plate count, total psychrophilic count, and yeast and mold counts at 5-day interval up to 15 days under refrigerated storage (6±1°C)...

Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and severe hyponatremia always pose a challenge to manage. It is necessary to correct biochemical parameters, advanced azotemia, and fluid overload with conventional haemodialysis (HD) but it may correct serum sodium (Na) rapidly resulting in neurological complications like seizures and osmotic demyelination syndrome. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is an ideal modality to manage such patients. However, most of the centers in the developing or underdeveloped nations do not have CRRT facility...

The study evaluated the health risk of metals in commonly consumed staple foods from Lagos and Ogun states, southwestern Nigeria. One hundred and thirty-three food samples were collected and analyzed for Zn, Cr, Cd, Ni, and Pb using atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. Data collected were analyzed for simple descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS for Windows. The health risk of metals in staple foods was assessed for average daily dose (ADD), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and cancer risk (CR)...

PURPOSE: The Future Occupation of Children and Adolescents cohort (the FOCA cohort) is a large population-based cohort study that was established as a resource for research in order to study adolescence factors and future educational and vocational trajectories in a life-course perspective. The cohort covers a broad array of themes within public health, including diseases and health behaviours. Through linkage to register data on the participants' parents, the cohort allows investigation of parental effects over time on adolescents' behaviours and interactions across generations...

This study aimed to speciate and quantify potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in addition to estimate potential human health risk of PTEs (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn) through the consumption of three edible fish species (Leuciscus vorax, Liza abu, and Coptodon zillii) and two prawn species (Metapenaeus affinis and Penaeus semisulcatus) collected from Arvand River and Musa Estuary in the Persian Gulf. The concentration of As in prawn species exceeded permissible limit set by international organizations...

Strabismus refers to the misalignment of the eyes and occurs in 2-4% of individuals. The low-resolution label "strabismus" covers a range of heterogeneous defects, which makes it challenging to unravel this condition. Consequently a coherent understanding of the causes is lacking. Here, we attempt to gain a better understanding of the underlying genetics by combining gene curation, diverse bioinformatic analyses (including gene ontology, pathway mapping, expression and network-based methods) and literature review...

Latently infected CD4 lymphocytes preclude cure of HIV infection, even with the most effective antiretroviral therapy. The replication competent latent HIV reservoir has been quantified with the terminal dilution quantitative viral outgrowth assay, which induces virus propagation in CD4+ T cell culture supernatants following cellular activation. Efforts to improve the sensitivity of this inefficient assay have introduced more sensitive p24 ELISA and RNA PCR based endpoints, but these more sensitive endpoints have raised the question whether they are measuring induced replication competent or defective virions...

OBJECTIVE: This work disentangles moral tolerance from moral relativism and reveals their distinct personological meanings. Both constructs have long been of interest to moral philosophers, moral psychologists, and everyday people, and they may play prominent roles in the feasibility of modern diverse societies. However, they have been criticized as devaluing morality and as producing overly-permissive societies. Moreover, although they lack necessary conceptual implications for each other, they are easily (and often) conflated...

Snake antivenoms are the only definitive management of snake envenoming's. Endotoxin contamination is a serious threat to the safety of parenteral drugs. A greater understanding of the nature of LAL-Test interferences and the use permissible dilutions has minimized enhancement problems. Common interference mechanisms include suboptimal pH, enzyme or protein modification, and non-specific LAL activation. The study aimed at sorting out the interfering factors before validating the antitoxic sera preparations to avoid false positive results when testing snake venom antiserum samples by (LAL) method...

The transition to flowering is a crucial step in the plant life cycle that is controlled by multiple endogenous and environmental cues, including hormones, sugars, temperature, and photoperiod. Permissive photoperiod induces the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in the phloem companion cells (PCC) of leaves. The FT protein then acts as a florigen that is transported to the shoot apical meristem (SAM), where it physically interacts with the bZIP transcription factor FD and 14-3-3 proteins. However, despite the importance of FD in promoting flowering, its direct transcriptional targets are largely unknown...

The Zika virus (ZIKV) was first isolated in Africa in 1947. It was shown to be a mild virus that had limited threat to humans. However, the resurgence of the ZIKV in the most recent Brazil outbreak surprised us because it causes severe human congenital and neurologic disorders including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Studies showed that the epidemic ZIKV strains are phenotypically different from the historic strains, suggesting that the epidemic ZIKV has acquired mutations associated with the altered viral pathogenicity...

Livestock farms are commonly regarded as the main sources of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), emerging pollutants with potential implications for human health, in the environment. This study investigated the occurrence and contamination profiles of nine ARGs of three types from swine manure to receiving environments (soil and water) in Guangdong Province, southern China. All ARGs occurred in 100% of swine manure samples. Moreover, the absolute concentration of total ARGs varied from 3.01 × 108 to 7...

Donation before circulatory death for imminently dying patients has been proposed to address organ scarcity and harms of non-donation. To characterize stakeholder attitudes about organ recovery before circulatory death we conducted semi-structured interviews with family members (N=15) who had experienced a loved one's unsuccessful donation after circulatory death and focus groups with professional stakeholders (surgeons, anesthesiologists, critical care specialists, palliative care specialists, organ procurement personnel, and policymakers, N=46)...

To evaluate whether short-term positive effects on bimanual function after surgery of the paretic arm in cerebral palsy are maintained long term. Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) and active range of motion was tested before surgery and at 7 month and 9-year follow-up (n=18). AHA improved significantly from 50 to 52 U at 7 months, but was not different from before surgery at the 9-year follow-up, 49 U. Surgery of wrist and elbow flexors significantly improved active extension. Improvement in wrist and elbow extension was maintained at the 9-year follow-up, but usefulness of the hand measured with AHA had returned to the same level as before surgery...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation of serum and ascitic fluid soluble form urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) levels with patients' complications, disease severity, inflammatory markers, and prognosis in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: Fifty patients with SAP, 47 patients with mild acute pancreatitis, and 50 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum samples were obtained from all participants after enrollment; meanwhile, ascitic fluid samples were collected from 20 patients with SAP who developed ascites...

The United States is in the midst of a nationwide public health emergency: an epidemic of opioid misuse and abuse that has been called the deadliest drug crisis in American history. This article reviews the current status of the opioid epidemic, the trends over the last 30-40 years that may have contributed to the epidemic, and a population health approach to addressing the epidemic. The epidemic is conceptualized from a population health perspective-an upstream and midstream perspective focusing on prevention and a downstream perspective targeting access to evidence-based interventions and maximizing health whether using or abstaining...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which gender disparities exist in either obtaining a leadership position or pay equity among those with leadership positions in state governmental public health agencies. DESIGN: Utilizing the 2014 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey, a nationally representative cross-sectional study of state governmental public health agency employees, the characteristics of the state governmental public health agency leadership were described...

INTRODUCTION: Trained simulation educators (SEs) usually work both at simulation centers and in everyday health care, and thus, they possess dual expertise. Experienced SEs are known to grow confident with their expanding experience, but evidence is scarce about how this affects their development as clinical professionals. The aim of this study was to explore how experienced SEs describe their role within the context of everyday health care. METHODS: An explorative descriptive study including 14 semistructured interviews and 27 questionnaires was conducted with 41 experienced SEs...

During college and medical school, the author's summer employment acquainted him with members of organized crime families. After a full career as a primary care clinician and geriatrician with research on improving health care delivery, the author opines that several insights from organized crime should be of interest to health care professionals: (1) don't damage the host; (2) protect the brand; and (3) lead necessary adaption. From these insights, the author presents symptoms of failure evidenced by the US health care system, followed by several adaptations that would reduce the system's costs, improve its image, and address future challenges...

This prospective, randomized, real-world study aimed to examine the impact of electronic health record-based clinical decision support (CDS) tools on the management of diabetes in small- to medium-sized primary care practices participating in Delaware's patient-centered medical home project. Overall, use of CDS systems was associated with greater reductions from baseline in hemoglobin A1c and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and more patients achieving treatment goals. Physicians and staff reported that the CDS toolkit empowered them to be more involved in clinical decision-making, thereby helping to improve diabetes care...