keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534353/vibration-rather-than-microgravity-affects-bone-metabolism-in-adult-zebrafish-scale-model
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marta Carnovali, Stefania Zava, Giuseppe Banfi, Angela Maria Rizzo, Massimo Mariotti
Gravity and mechanical forces cause important alterations in the human skeletal system, as demonstrated by space flights. Innovative animal models like zebrafish embryos and medaka have been introduced to study bone response in ground-based microgravity simulators. We used, for the first time, adult zebrafish in simulated microgravity, with a random positioning machine (RPM) to study bone remodeling in the scales. To evaluate the effects of microgravity on bone remodeling in adult bone tissue, we exposed adult zebrafish to microgravity for 14 days using RPM and we evaluated bone remodeling on explanted scales...
March 14, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518737/the-effect-of-inherent-and-incidental-constraints-on-bimanual-force-control-in-simulated-martian-gravity
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yiyu Wang, Osmar P Neto, Madison Weinrich, Renee Abbott, Ana Diaz-Artiles, Deanna M Kennedy
The ability to coordinate actions between the limbs is important for many operationally relevant tasks associated with space exploration. A future milestone in space exploration is sending humans to Mars. Therefore, an experiment was designed to examine the influence of inherent and incidental constraints on the stability characteristics associated with the bimanual control of force in simulated Martian gravity. A head-up tilt (HUT)/head-down tilt (HDT) paradigm was used to simulate gravity on Mars (22.3° HUT)...
March 20, 2024: Human Movement Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38461310/the-analysis-on-groundwater-storage-variations-from-grace-grace-fo-in-recent-20%C3%A2-years-driven-by-influencing-factors-and-prediction-in-shandong-province-china
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wanqiu Li, Lifeng Bao, Guobiao Yao, Fengwei Wang, Qiuying Guo, Jie Zhu, Jinjie Zhu, Zhiwei Wang, Jingxue Bi, Chengcheng Zhu, Yulong Zhong, Shanbo Lu
Monitoring and predicting the regional groundwater storage (GWS) fluctuation is an essential support for effectively managing water resources. Therefore, taking Shandong Province as an example, the data from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) is used to invert GWS fluctuation from January 2003 to December 2022 together with Watergap Global Hydrological Model (WGHM), in-situ groundwater volume and level data. The spatio-temporal characteristics are decomposed using Independent Components Analysis (ICA), and the impact factors, such as precipitation and human activities, which are also analyzed...
March 9, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38438462/acute-and-short-term-fluctuations-in-gravity-are-associated-with-changes-in-circulatory-plasma-protein-levels
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander Lang, Stephan Binneboessel, Fabian Nienhaus, Raphael Romano Bruno, Georg Wolff, Kerstin Piayda, Susanne Pfeiler, Hakima Ezzahoini, Daniel Oehler, Malte Kelm, Holger Winkels, Norbert Gerdes, Christian Jung
Gravitational changes between micro- and hypergravity cause several adaptations and alterations in the human body. Besides muscular atrophy and immune system impairment, effects on the circulatory system have been described, which can be associated with a wide range of blood biomarker changes. This study examined nine individuals (seven males, two females) during a parabolic flight campaign (PFC). Thirty-one parabolas were performed in one flight day, resulting in ~22 s of microgravity during each parabola...
March 4, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38421793/gravity-s-impact-on-visual-search-asymmetries-is-visual-gravitational-motion-a-distinct-visual-feature-or-a-familiar-dynamic-event
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Beatriz Velado, Beatriz Santos Miranda, Francisca Almeida Oliveira, Henrique Marques de Oliveira, Sergio Delle Monache, Nuno De Sá Teixeira
A wealth of converging research lines has led support to the notion that specialized neural processes output a priori information about the expected effects of gravity to fine-tune motor and perceptual responses to dynamic events. Arguably, these putative internal models of gravity might modulate the efficiency in visual search for objects conforming or not to gravitationally coherent dynamics. In the present work, we explored this possibility with a visual search task involving arrays of two to eight objects moving periodically back and forth...
February 29, 2024: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38404830/towards-sustainable-horizons-a-comprehensive-blueprint-for-mars-colonization
#6
REVIEW
Florian Neukart
This paper thoroughly explores the feasibility, challenges, and proposed solutions for establishing a sustainable human colony on Mars. We quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the Martian environment, highlighting key challenges such as radiation exposure, which astronauts could experience at minimum levels of 0.66 sieverts during a round trip, and the complications arising from Mars' thin atmosphere and extreme temperature variations. Technological advancements are examined, including developing Martian concrete, which utilizes sulfur as a binding agent, and innovative life support strategies like aeroponics and algae bioreactors...
February 29, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38394184/calls-of-the-little-auk-alle-alle-chicks-reflect-their-behavioural-contexts
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna N Osiecka, Elodie F Briefer, Dorota Kidawa, Feliksa Żurawska, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas
Animal vocalisations can often inform conspecifics about the behavioural context of production and the underlying affective states, hence revealing whether a situation should be approached or avoided. While this is particularly important for socially complex species, little is known about affective expression in wild colonial animals, and even less to about their young. We studied vocalisations of the little auk (Alle alle) chicks in the Hornsund breeding colony, Svalbard. Little auks are highly colonial seabirds, and adults convey complex behavioural contexts through their calls...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38392150/compliant-control-based-assisted-walking-with-mobile-manipulator
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Weihua Li, Pengpeng Li, Lei Jin, Rongrong Xu, Junlong Guo, Jianfeng Wang
In this paper, a new approach involving the use of a mobile manipulator to assist humans with mobility impairments to walk is proposed. First, in order to achieve flexible interaction between humans and mobile manipulators, we propose a variable admittance controller that can adaptively regulate the virtual mass and damping parameters based on the interaction forces and the human motion intention predicted using the fuzzy theory. Moreover, a feedforward velocity compensator based on a designed state observer is proposed to decrease the inertia resistance of the manipulator, effectively enhancing the compliance of the human-robot interaction...
February 9, 2024: Biomimetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38356593/fortified-edible-oils-in-bangladesh-a-study-on-vitamin-a-fortification-and-physicochemical-properties
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rokeya Begum, MdRakibul Hasan, Shamoli Akter, MdNannur Rahman
Food fortification has always been an effective and proven practice for eradicating various nutrient deficiencies in Bangladesh. This study investigated different quality parameters of three types (soybean, sunflower, and palm) of extensively consumed fortified edible oils in Bangladesh. Vitamin A analysis has shown that the vitamin A fortification level of most of the oil brands (73 %) did not comply with the Bangladesh Standard and Testing Institution (BSTI) standards (1.5-3.0 mg/100 g). Vitamin A contents of soybean, sunflower, and palm oil brands ranged from 0...
February 15, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38354553/a-seasonal-comparison-of-a-14-day-swing-on-cognitive-function-and-psycho-physiological-responses-in-mine-service-workers
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah M Taggart, Olivier Girard, Grant J Landers, Ullrich K H Ecker, Karen E Wallman
This study assessed the effect of season on cognitive function and psycho-physiological responses during a 14-day swing in mine-service workers. Cognitive function, thermal sensation and comfort, rating of perceived exertion, fatigue, hydration, core temperature and heart rate were assessed throughout a shift, on three separate days over a swing. Working memory and processing efficiency did not differ between seasons (p > 0.05), however counting and recall latencies improved throughout the swing (p < 0...
February 13, 2024: Applied Ergonomics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38336777/conserved-mechanisms-of-self-renewal-and-pluripotency-in-mouse-and-human-escs-regulated-by-simulated-microgravity-using-a-3d-clinostat
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying Ye, Wenyan Xie, Zhaoru Ma, Xuepeng Wang, Yi Wen, Xuemei Li, Hongqian Qi, Hao Wu, Jinnan An, Yan Jiang, Xinyi Lu, Guokai Chen, Shijun Hu, Elizabeth A Blaber, Xi Chen, Lei Chang, Wensheng Zhang
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) exhibit unique attributes of boundless self-renewal and pluripotency, making them invaluable for fundamental investigations and clinical endeavors. Previous examinations of microgravity effects on ESC self-renewal and differentiation have predominantly maintained a descriptive nature, constrained by limited experimental opportunities and techniques. In this investigation, we present compelling evidence derived from murine and human ESCs, demonstrating that simulated microgravity (SMG)-induced stress significantly impacts self-renewal and pluripotency through a previously unidentified conserved mechanism...
February 9, 2024: Cell Death Discovery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38326760/the-benefits-of-stem-cell-biology-and-tissue-engineering-in-low-earth-orbit
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Madelyn Arzt, Maedeh Mozneb, Sean Escopete, Jemima Moses, Arun Sharma
Over the past 15 years, there has been a significant shift in biomedical research toward a major focus on stem cell research. Although stem cells and their derivatives exhibit potential in modeling and mitigating human diseases, the ongoing objective is to enhance their utilization and translational potential. Stem cells are increasingly employed in both academic and commercial settings for a variety of in vitro and in vivo applications in regenerative medicine. Notably, accessibility to stem cell research in low-Earth orbit (LEO) has expanded, driven by the unique properties of space, such as microgravity, which cannot exactly be replicated on Earth...
February 26, 2024: Stem Cells and Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38312570/research-on-the-coupling-coordination-relationship-between-the-digital-economy-and-high-quality-energy-development-evidence-from-china
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuhe Wang, Anqi Wang, Shizhe Liu, Ce Zhang, Lixing Qiao, Xiaomin Li
The deep integration of the digital economy and high-quality energy development is a vital breakthrough in promoting the digital transformation and upgrading of energy, and it is also a critical path to achieving green and low-carbon development. However, the degree of integration of the two has yet to be discovered. This article measures the coupling coordination degree of the digital economy and high-quality energy development using panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2013 to 2020, explores the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the coupling coordination degree, and further analyzes the driving factors of the coupling coordination degree...
January 30, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38278855/simulated-microgravity-improves-maturation-of-cardiomyocytes-derived-from-human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cells
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Parvin Forghani, Aysha Rashid, Lawrence C Armand, David Wolfson, Rui Liu, Hee Cheol Cho, Joshua T Maxwell, Hanjoong Jo, Khalid Salaita, Chunhui Xu
Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) possess tremendous potential for basic research and translational application. However, these cells structurally and functionally resemble fetal cardiomyocytes, which is a major limitation of these cells. Microgravity can significantly alter cell behavior and function. Here we investigated the effect of simulated microgravity on hiPSC-CM maturation. Following culture under simulated microgravity in a random positioning machine for 7 days, 3D hiPSC-CMs had increased mitochondrial content as detected by a mitochondrial protein and mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA ratio...
January 26, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38267257/modality-independent-effect-of-gravity-in-shaping-the-internal-representation-of-3d-space-for-visual-and-haptic-object-perception
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Morfoisse Theo, Herrera Altamira Gabriela, Angelini Leonardo, Clément Gilles, Beraneck Mathieu, McIntyre Joseph, Tagliabue Michele
Visual and haptic perceptions of 3D shape are plagued by distortions, which are influenced by non-visual factors, such as gravitational vestibular signals. Whether gravity acts directly on the visual or haptic systems or at a higher, modality-independent level of information processing remains unknown. To test these hypotheses, we examined visual and haptic 3D shape perception by asking male and female human subjects to perform a "squaring" task in upright and supine postures and in microgravity. Subjects adjusted one edge of a 3D object to match the length of another in each of the 3 canonical reference planes and we recorded the matching errors to obtain a characterization of the perceived 3D shape...
January 24, 2024: Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38263633/self-adaptive-rapid-thermal-conductive-fabrics-based-on-hygroscopic-shrinkage-response-for-personal-cooling-and-drying
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hongkun Liu, Yanan Xiao, Yang Shen, Qiuli Liu, Jiazi Hou
Advanced fabrics with thermal wet management capability as low energy consumption media contribute to personal cooling and drying. Nevertheless, it remains a great challenge to obtain intelligent fabrics with adjustable thermal conductivity (TC) capable of bridging the supply and demand between human body temperature and self-adaptive thermal conduction. Herein, we report hygroscopic-shrinkage nanofiber-based fabrics with excellent moisture sensitivity and significant volume shrinkage, which benefits the construction of high-density thermal conductive pathways by absorbing sweat, with a maximum sweat absorption rate reaching up to 1781%...
January 23, 2024: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38263106/an-augmented-reality-hand-eye-sensorimotor-impairment-assessment-for-spaceflight-operations
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aaron R Allred, Hannah Weiss, Torin K Clark, Leia Stirling
INTRODUCTION: Following a transition from microgravity to a gravity-rich environment (e.g., Earth, Moon, or Mars), astronauts experience sensorimotor impairment, primarily from a reinterpretation of vestibular cues, which can impact their ability to perform mission-critical tasks. To enable future exploration-class missions, the development of lightweight, space-conscious assessments for astronauts transitioning between gravity environments without expert assistance is needed. METHODS: We examined differences in performance during a two-dimensional (2D) hand-eye multidirectional tapping task, implemented in augmented reality in subjects ( N = 20) with and without the presence of a vestibular-dominated sensorimotor impairment paradigm: the binaural bipolar application of a pseudorandom galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) signal...
February 1, 2024: Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38254665/space-flight-enhances-stress-pathways-in-human-neural-stem-cells
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicholas Carpo, Victoria Tran, Juan Carlos Biancotti, Carlos Cepeda, Araceli Espinosa-Jeffrey
Mammalian cells have evolved to function under Earth's gravity, but how they respond to microgravity remains largely unknown. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are essential for the maintenance of central nervous system (CNS) functions during development and the regeneration of all CNS cell populations. Here, we examined the behavior of space (SPC)-flown NSCs as they readapted to Earth's gravity. We found that most of these cells survived the space flight and self-renewed. Yet, some showed enhanced stress responses as well as autophagy-like behavior...
January 3, 2024: Biomolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38245348/weighing-the-impact-of-microgravity-on-vestibular-and-visual-functions
#19
REVIEW
Alexander J Dontre
Numerous technological challenges have been overcome to realize human space exploration. As mission durations gradually lengthen, the next obstacle is a set of physical limitations. Extended exposure to microgravity poses multiple threats to various bodily systems. Two of these systems are of particular concern for the success of future space missions. The vestibular system includes the otolith organs, which are stimulated in gravity but unloaded in microgravity. This impairs perception, posture, and coordination, all of which are relevant to mission success...
February 2024: Life Sciences in Space Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38245343/recycling-nutrients-from-organic-waste-for-growing-higher-plants-in-the-micro-ecological-life-support-system-alternative-melissa-loop-during-long-term-space-missions
#20
REVIEW
Emmanuel Frossard, Grace Crain, Icíar Giménez de Azcárate Bordóns, Christa Hirschvogel, Astrid Oberson, Christel Paille, Geremia Pellegri, Kai M Udert
Space agencies are developing Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS) in view of upcoming long-term crewed space missions. Most of these BLSS plan to include various crops to produce different types of foods, clean water, and O2 while capturing CO2 from the atmosphere. However, growing these plants will require the appropriate addition of nutrients in forms that are available. As shipping fertilizers from Earth would be too costly, it will be necessary to use waste-derived nutrients. Using the example of the MELiSSA (Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative) loop of the European Space Agency, this paper reviews what should be considered so that nutrients recycled from waste streams could be used by plants grown in a hydroponic system...
February 2024: Life Sciences in Space Research
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