tuberculosis resistance

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment failure remains a major public health concern, with multidimensional consequences, including an increased risk of drug resistance, compromised quality of life, and high healthcare costs. However, little is known about the outcomes of second-line ART in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the incidence and determinants of second-line ART treatment failure. Articles published in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus databases were systematically searched...

The long treatment period and development of drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB) necessitates the discovery of new anti-tubercular agents. The drug discovery program of the institute leads to the development of an anti-tubercular lead (IIIM-019), which is an analogue of nitrodihydroimidazooxazole and exhibited promising anti-tubercular action. However, IIIM-019 displays poor aqueous solubility (1.2 µg/mL), which demands suitable dosage form for its efficient oral administration. In the present study, third generation solid dispersion-based formulation was developed to increase the solubility and dissolution of IIIM-019...

The synthesis of (p)ppGpp alarmones plays a vital role in the regulation of metabolism suppression, growth rate control, virulence, bacterial persistence, and biofilm formation. The (p)ppGpp alarmones are synthesized by proteins of the RelA/SpoT homolog (RSH) superfamily, including long bifunctional RSH proteins and small alarmone synthetases. Here, we investigated enzyme kinetics and dose-dependent enzyme inhibition to elucidate the mechanism of 4-(4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)pentanoic acid (DMNP) action on the (p)ppGpp synthetases RelMsm and RelZ from Mycolicibacterium smegmatis and RelMtb from Mycobacterium tuberculosis...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious killer worldwide. Over two-thirds of new TB diagnoses in the United States occur among first-generation immigrants, especially within a year of migration. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) accounts for a minority of lymphoma cases but presents similarly to disseminated or extrapulmonary TB. Clinical overlap between TB and HL increases patient risk of misdiagnosis. Concomitant presentation of both diseases is not uncommon but infrequently reported. We present a case of isoniazid-resistant TB with progressively worsening lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly despite appropriate TB treatment...

Tuberculous otomastoiditis, a rare manifestation of tuberculosis in the head and neck region, poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its non-specific clinical features and potential debilitating complications. While typically arising from direct spread from adjacent organs, the coexistence of tuberculous otomastoiditis and cervical spondylitis is rarely reported. We present the case of a 14-year-old male with a 3-month history of painless bilateral ear discharge resistant to antibiotic therapy. The clinical and radiological findings raised suspicions of tuberculous otomastoiditis and spondylitis, which was later confirmed by histopathological examination despite negative microbiological cultures...

We reported a 51-year-old male electric welder with stage I pneumoconiosis, who had no significant cough, sputum, fever, chest pain, or other discomfort. However, regular physical examination at our hospital revealed bilateral pulmonary nodules with cavity formation. Blood routine, liver or kidney function, and infection-related biomarkers, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT), were normal. Sputum and alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smears, BALF Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) PCR, and T-SPOT...

BACKGROUND: Leprosy and tuberculosis are two of the oldest and most common mycobacterial infections, caused by Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacteium lepramatosis for leprosy and Mycobacterium tuberculosis for tuberculosis. Dual infections have been known since ancient times; however, cases remain rarely reported in the literature, even in countries where both diseases are endemic, such as Madagascar. PURPOSE: We report a case series of simultaneous occurrence of leprosy and tuberculosis...

UNLABELLED: Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb ), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is considered one of the top infectious killers in the world. In recent decades, drug resistant (DR) strains of M.tb have emerged that make TB even more difficult to treat and pose a threat to public health. M.tb has a complex cell envelope that provides protection to the bacterium from chemotherapeutic agents. Although M.tb cell envelope lipids have been studied for decades, very little is known about how their levels change in relation to drug resistance...

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is still one of the biggest causes of infection-related death around the world. Disseminated tuberculosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by the haematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. First-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in-clude isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The first three drugs are known to cause hepatotoxicity. CASE PRESENTATION: We have, herein, reported a case of Drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI) due to anti-tuberculosis therapy in a one-year-old male child with disseminated tuberculosis...

BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a major threat to global public health. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a useful tool for species identification and drug resistance prediction, and many clinical laboratories are transitioning to WGS as a routine diagnostic tool. However, user-friendly and high-confidence automated bioinformatics tools are needed to rapidly identify M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), detect drug resistance, and further guide treatment options...

OBJECTIVES: To preliminarily assess the immunogenicity of Mtb-HAg in mice and the synergistic effect provided by HAg when co-immunised with BCG. METHODS: Mice were randomly grouped for different immunisations and then spleens were aseptically removed and lymphocytes were extracted for immediate detection of cytokines transcript levels and stimulation index(SI), cytokine secretion and multifunctional antigen-specific T cells were detected after incubation for different times...

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major killer diseases affecting lung parenchymal tissues. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the bacterium that causes it. It most commonly affects the lungs, although it can affect any part of the body, including the stomach, glands, bones, and nervous system. Although anti-mycobacterial drugs are available, it remains a major threat to public health due to the rise of drug-resistant strains, and early and accurate diagnosis is very important. Currently, research science and medical communities are focusing on the use of cost-effective biosensors to manage human biological processes and assess accurate health diagnostics...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is known for its adaptive capability in developing resistance to antibiotics, through the selection of spontaneous mutations that arise during treatment. Generating spontaneous antibiotic-resistant mutants in vitro is challenging but necessary for studying this phenomenon. A protocol was designed and tested to select stable, MTB spontaneous, d-cycloserine (DCS) resistant mutants. Twenty-four colonies resistant to DCS were selected, demonstrating an increase between 1 and 4 times the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) set for Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 reference strain...

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (particularly resistant to pyrazinoic acid) is a life-threatening chronic pulmonary disease. Running a marketed regime specifically targets the ribosomal protein subunit-1 (RpsA) and stops trans-translation in the non-mutant bacterium, responsible for the lysis of bacterial cells. However, in the strains of mutant bacteria, this regime has failed in curing TB and killing pathogens, which may only because of the ala438 deletion, which inhibit the binding of pyrazinoic acid to the RpsA active site...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), mainly transmitted through droplets to infect the lungs, and seriously affecting patients' health and quality of life. Clinically, anti-TB drugs often entail side effects and lack efficacy against resistant strains. Thus, the exploration and development of novel targeted anti-TB medications are imperative. Currently, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) offer novel avenues for anti-TB drug development, and the study of targeted modulators of PPIs in M...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the baseline to measure one of the three indicators of the World Health Organization (WHO) End TB strategy (2015-2035), measure the costs incurred by patients affected by tuberculosis (TB) during a treatment episode and estimate the proportion of households facing catastrophic costs (CC) and associated risk factors, in Colombia, 2021. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A nationally representative cross-sectional survey was conducted among participants on TB treatment in Colombia, using telephone interviews due to the exceptional context of the COVID-19 pandemic...

Oleanolic acid (OA) was isolated from Syzygium aromaticum L. buds, and structurally characterised using different spectroscopic techniques; MS, IR,1 H/13 C-NMR and 2D NMR experiments. The antimycobacterial activity according to a resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) showed important inhibitory effect of OA on the virulent H37 Rv strain, with the lowest minimum concentration of 50 µg/mL, compared to other fractions. Molecular docking of OA with BacA drug efflux pump resulted in good binding affinity of hydrophobic interaction type...

The rise of pyrazinamide (PZA)-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) poses a major challenge to conventional tuberculosis (TB) treatments. PZA, a cornerstone of TB therapy, must be activated by the mycobacterial enzyme pyrazinamidase (PZase) to convert its active form, pyrazinoic acid, which targets the ribosomal protein S1. Resistance, often associated with mutations in the RpsA protein, complicates treatment and highlights a critical gap in the understanding of structural dynamics and mechanisms of resistance, particularly in the context of the G97D mutation...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Rare yet significant, this case sheds light on the uncommon presentation of Waldmann's disease in adults, showcasing the diagnostic challenges it poses. A multidisciplinary approach, integrating clinical, endoscopic, histological, and radiological evaluations, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management. Further research is needed to deepen our understanding of this complex disorder. ABSTRACT: Waldmann's disease, or primary intestinal lymphangiectasia, is a rare disorder characterized by protein-losing enteropathy due to dilation and leakage of intestinal lymphatic vessels...

PURPOSE: To analyze the time trends in the notification rates of registered tuberculosis (TB) and bacteriologically confirmed TB in Shandong Province. And analyze the changes in TB treatment outcomes during 2005-2021. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The information of TB patients registered in the Shandong Information Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was collected during 2005-2021. We calculated the notification rates of registered TB and bacteriologically confirmed TB...