keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536699/adaptive-synaptic-scaling-in-spiking-networks-for-continual-learning-and-enhanced-robustness
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mingkun Xu, Faqiang Liu, Yifan Hu, Hongyi Li, Yuanyuan Wei, Shuai Zhong, Jing Pei, Lei Deng
Synaptic plasticity plays a critical role in the expression power of brain neural networks. Among diverse plasticity rules, synaptic scaling presents indispensable effects on homeostasis maintenance and synaptic strength regulation. In the current modeling of brain-inspired spiking neural networks (SNN), backpropagation through time is widely adopted because it can achieve high performance using a small number of time steps. Nevertheless, the synaptic scaling mechanism has not yet been well touched. In this work, we propose an experience-dependent adaptive synaptic scaling mechanism (AS-SNN) for spiking neural networks...
March 27, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536681/eisatc-fusion-inception-self-attention-temporal-convolutional-network-fusion-for-motor-imagery-eeg-decoding
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guangjin Liang, Dianguo Cao, Jinqiang Wang, Zhongcai Zhang, Yuqiang Wu
The motor imagery brain-computer interface (MI-BCI) based on electroencephalography (EEG) is a widely used human-machine interface paradigm. However, due to the non-stationarity and individual differences among subjects in EEG signals, the decoding accuracy is limited, affecting the application of the MI-BCI. In this paper, we propose the EISATC-Fusion model for MI EEG decoding, consisting of inception block, multi-head self-attention (MSA), temporal convolutional network (TCN), and layer fusion. Specifically, we design a DS Inception block to extract multi-scale frequency band information...
March 27, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536062/finite-difference-embedded-unet-for-solving-transcranial-ultrasound-frequency-domain-wavefield
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Linfeng Wang, Jian Li, Shili Chen, Zheng Fan, Zhoumo Zeng, Yang Liu
Transcranial ultrasound imaging assumes a growing significance in the detection and monitoring of intracranial lesions and cerebral blood flow. Accurate solution of partial differential equation (PDE) is one of the prerequisites for obtaining transcranial ultrasound wavefields. Grid-based numerical solvers such as finite difference (FD) and finite element methods have limitations including high computational costs and discretization errors. Purely data-driven methods have relatively high demands on training datasets...
March 1, 2024: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535505/quantitative-proteomics-reveal-region-specific-alterations-in-neuroserpin-deficient-mouse-brain-and-retina-insights-into-serpini1-function
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shahab Mirshahvaladi, Nitin Chitranshi, Ardeshir Amirkhani, Rashi Rajput, Devaraj Basavarajappa, Roshana Vander Wall, Dana Pascovici, Angela Godinez, Giovanna Galliciotti, Joao A Paulo, Veer Gupta, Stuart L Graham, Vivek Gupta, Mehdi Mirzaei
Neural regeneration and neuroprotection represent strategies for future management of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) or glaucoma. However, the complex molecular mechanisms that are involved in neuroprotection are not clearly understood. A promising candidate that maintains neuroprotective signaling networks is neuroserpin (Serpini1), a serine protease inhibitor expressed in neurons which selectively inhibits extracellular tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)/plasmin and plays a neuroprotective role during ischemic brain injury...
March 14, 2024: Proteomes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535081/the-contribution-of-functional-near-infrared-spectroscopy-fnirs-to-the-study-of-neurodegenerative-disorders-a-narrative-review
#5
REVIEW
Ioannis Liampas, Freideriki Danga, Panagiota Kyriakoulopoulou, Vasileios Siokas, Polyxeni Stamati, Lambros Messinis, Efthimios Dardiotis, Grigorios Nasios
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an innovative neuroimaging method that offers several advantages over other commonly used modalities. This narrative review investigated the potential contribution of this method to the study of neurodegenerative disorders. Thirty-four studies involving patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinson's disease (PD), or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and healthy controls were reviewed. Overall, it was revealed that the prefrontal cortex of individuals with MCI may engage compensatory mechanisms to support declining brain functions...
March 21, 2024: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534988/structural-brain-connectivity-and-treatment-improvement-in-mood-disorder
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sébastien Dam, Jean-Marie Batail, Gabriel Hadrien Robert, Dominique Drapier, Pierre Maurel, Julie Coloigner
BACKGROUND: The treatment of depressive episodes is well established, with clearly demonstrated effectiveness of antidepressants and psychotherapies. However, more than one-third of depressed patients do not respond to treatment. Identifying the brain structural basis of treatment-resistant depression could prevent useless pharmacological prescriptions, adverse events, and lost therapeutic opportunities. METHODS: Using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, we performed structural connectivity analyses on a cohort of 154 patients with mood disorder (MD) - and 77 sex- and age-matched healthy control (HC) participants...
March 27, 2024: Brain Connectivity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534961/adult-neoneurogenesis-and-oligodendrogenesis-in-multiple-sclerosis-a-systematic-review-of-human-and-animal-studies
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andreas Liampas, Vasilis-Spyridon Tseriotis, Artemios Artemiadis, Panagiotis Zis, Chrysanthi Argyropoulou, Nikolaos Grigoriadis, Georgios M Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios Vavougyios
INTRODUCTION: The subventricular zone promotes remyelination through activation differentiation of oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs) into mature oligodendrocytes and thus in the adult brain. In Multiple Sclerosis (MS) this regenerative capability in halted resulting in neurodegeneration. We aimed to systematically search and synthesize evidence on mechanisms and phenomena associated with SVZ dysfunction in MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our systematic review was reported according to the PRISMA-ScR statement...
March 27, 2024: Brain Connectivity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534842/organic-inorganic-hybrid-synaptic-transistors-methyl-silsesquioxanes-based-electric-double-layer-for-enhanced-synaptic-functionality-and-cmos-compatibility
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tae-Gyu Hwang, Hamin Park, Won-Ju Cho
Electrical double-layer (EDL) synaptic transistors based on organic materials exhibit low thermal and chemical stability and are thus incompatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes involving high-temperature operations. This paper proposes organic-inorganic hybrid synaptic transistors using methyl silsesquioxane (MSQ) as the electrolyte. MSQ, derived from the combination of inorganic silsesquioxanes and the organic methyl (-CH3 ) group, exhibits exceptional thermal and chemical stability, thus ensuring compatibility with CMOS processes...
March 3, 2024: Biomimetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534821/a-bio-inspired-probabilistic-neural-network-model-for-noise-resistant-collision-perception
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jialan Hong, Xuelong Sun, Jigen Peng, Qinbing Fu
Bio-inspired models based on the lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) in the locust's visual brain have received extensive attention and application for collision perception in various scenarios. These models offer advantages such as low power consumption and high computational efficiency in visual processing. However, current LGMD-based computational models, typically organized as four-layered neural networks, often encounter challenges related to noisy signals, particularly in complex dynamic environments...
February 23, 2024: Biomimetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534621/fabrication-and-characterization-of-quad-component-bioinspired-hydrogels-to-model-elevated-fibrin-levels-in-central-nervous-tissue-scaffolds
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana M Diaz-Lasprilla, Meagan McKee, Andrea C Jimenez-Vergara, Swathisri Ravi, Devon Bellamy, Wendy Ortega, Cody O Crosby, Jennifer Steele, Germán Plascencia-Villa, George Perry, Dany J Munoz-Pinto
Multicomponent interpenetrating polymer network (mIPN) hydrogels are promising tissue-engineering scaffolds that could closely resemble key characteristics of native tissues. The mechanical and biochemical properties of mIPNs can be finely controlled to mimic key features of target cellular microenvironments, regulating cell-matrix interactions. In this work, we fabricated hydrogels made of collagen type I (Col I), fibrin, hyaluronic acid (HA), and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) using a network-by-network fabrication approach...
March 17, 2024: Gels
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534539/brain-age-prediction-using-multi-hop-graph-attention-combined-with-convolutional-neural-network
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Heejoo Lim, Yoonji Joo, Eunji Ha, Yumi Song, Sujung Yoon, Taehoon Shin
Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used widely to predict biological brain age based on brain magnetic resonance (MR) images. However, CNNs focus mainly on spatially local features and their aggregates and barely on the connective information between distant regions. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel multi-hop graph attention (MGA) module that exploits both the local and global connections of image features when combined with CNNs. After insertion between convolutional layers, MGA first converts the convolution-derived feature map into graph-structured data by using patch embedding and embedding-distance-based scoring...
March 8, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534490/deep-learning-for-generalized-eeg-seizure-detection-after-hypoxia-ischemia-preclinical-validation
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hamid Abbasi, Joanne O Davidson, Simerdeep K Dhillon, Kelly Q Zhou, Guido Wassink, Alistair J Gunn, Laura Bennet
Brain maturity and many clinical treatments such as therapeutic hypothermia (TH) can significantly influence the morphology of neonatal EEG seizures after hypoxia-ischemia (HI), and so there is a need for generalized automatic seizure identification. This study validates efficacy of advanced deep-learning pattern classifiers based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) for seizure detection after HI in fetal sheep and determines the effects of maturation and brain cooling on their accuracy. The cohorts included HI-normothermia term ( n = 7), HI-hypothermia term ( n = 14), sham-normothermia term ( n = 5), and HI-normothermia preterm ( n = 14) groups, with a total of >17,300 h of recordings...
February 24, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534427/epigenetic-alterations-in-alzheimer-s-disease-impact-on-insulin-signaling-and-advanced-drug-delivery-systems
#13
REVIEW
Alosh Greeny, Ayushi Nair, Prashant Sadanandan, Sairaj Satarker, Ademola C Famurewa, Madhavan Nampoothiri
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that predominantly affects the hippocampus and the entorhinal complex, leading to memory lapse and cognitive impairment. This can have a negative impact on an individual's behavior, speech, and ability to navigate their surroundings. AD is one of the principal causes of dementia. One of the most accepted theories in AD, the amyloid β (Aβ) hypothesis, assumes that the buildup of the peptide Aβ is the root cause of AD. Impaired insulin signaling in the periphery and central nervous system has been considered to have an effect on the pathophysiology of AD...
February 28, 2024: Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534341/gut-brain-interactions-and-their-impact-on-astrocytes-in-the-context-of-multiple-sclerosis-and-beyond
#14
REVIEW
Julia Zißler, Veit Rothhammer, Mathias Linnerbauer
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to physical and cognitive impairment in young adults. The increasing prevalence of MS underscores the critical need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Recent advances in neuroimmunology have highlighted the significant role of the gut microbiome in MS pathology, unveiling distinct alterations in patients' gut microbiota. Dysbiosis not only impacts gut-intrinsic processes but also influences the production of bacterial metabolites and hormones, which can regulate processes in remote tissues, such as the CNS...
March 13, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534238/real-time-classification-of-anxiety-in-virtual-reality-therapy-using-biosensors-and-a-convolutional-neural-network
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Deniz Mevlevioğlu, Sabin Tabirca, David Murphy
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy is a method of cognitive behavioural therapy that aids in the treatment of anxiety disorders by making therapy practical and cost-efficient. It also allows for the seamless tailoring of the therapy by using objective, continuous feedback. This feedback can be obtained using biosensors to collect physiological information such as heart rate, electrodermal activity and frontal brain activity. As part of developing our objective feedback framework, we developed a Virtual Reality adaptation of the well-established emotional Stroop Colour-Word Task...
March 3, 2024: Biosensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534018/gene-networks-and-systems-biology-in-alzheimer-s-disease-insights-from-multi-omics-approaches
#16
REVIEW
Negin Rahimzadeh, Shushrruth Sai Srinivasan, Jing Zhang, Vivek Swarup
Despite numerous studies in the field of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), a comprehensive understanding of this devastating disease remains elusive. Bulk transcriptomics have provided insights into the underlying genetic factors at a high level. Subsequent technological advancements have focused on single-cell omics, encompassing techniques such as single-cell RNA sequencing and epigenomics, enabling the capture of RNA transcripts and chromatin states at a single cell or nucleus resolution. Furthermore, the emergence of spatial omics has allowed the study of gene responses in the vicinity of amyloid beta plaques or across various brain regions...
March 27, 2024: Alzheimer's & Dementia: the Journal of the Alzheimer's Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533950/evaluations-of-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-in-neurodiagnostics
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristin Williams
This paper evaluates the ethical implications of utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in neurological diagnostic examinations. Applications of AI technology have been utilized to aid in the determination of pharmacological dosages of gadolinium for brain lesion detection, localization of seizure foci, and the characterization of large vessel occlusion in ischemic stroke patients. Multiple subtypes of AI- machine learning (AI/ML) algorithms are analyzed as AI-assisted neurology utilizes supervised, unsupervised, artificial neural network (ANN), and deep neural network (DNN) learning models...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Neurophysiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533787/adaptive-to-maladaptive-gradient-of-emotion-regulation-tendencies-are-embedded-in-the-functional-structural-hybrid-connectome
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wonyoung Kim, M Justin Kim
BACKGROUND: Emotion regulation tendencies are well-known transdiagnostic markers of psychopathology, but their neurobiological foundations have mostly been examined within the theoretical framework of cortical-subcortical interactions. METHODS: We explored the connectome-wide neural correlates of emotion regulation tendencies using functional and diffusion magnetic resonance images of healthy young adults ( N = 99; age 20-30; 28 females). We first tested the importance of considering both the functional and structural connectome through intersubject representational similarity analyses...
March 27, 2024: Psychological Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533683/molecular-networking-guided-investigation-of-the-secondary-metabolome-of-four-morus-species-and-their-in-vivo-neuroprotective-potential-for-the-mitigation-of-alzheimer-s-disease
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nesrine M Hegazi, Tarik A Mohamed, Abeer Salama, Ahmed R Hamed, Hamada H Saad, Ibrahim A Saleh, Eman H Reda, Ahmed A A Elsayed, Mahmoud A A Ibrahim, Paul W Paré, Thomas Efferth, Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a fatal age-related neurodegenerative condition with a multifactorial etiology contributing to 70% of dementia globally. The search for a multi-target agent to hit different targets involved in the pathogenesis of AD is crucial. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of four Morus extracts were assessed in LPS-induced AD in mice. Among the studied species, M. macroura exhibited a profound effect on alleviating the loss of cognitive function, improved the learning ability, restored the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) levels to normal, and significantly reduced the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) brain content in LPS-treated mice...
March 27, 2024: Food & Function
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533537/network-pharmacology-approach-to-identify-the-calotropis-phytoconstituents-potential-epileptic-targets-and-evaluation-of-molecular-docking-md-simulation-and-mm-pbsa-performance
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Punam Salaria, Amarendar Reddy M
Epilepsy originates from unusual electrical rhythm within brain cells, causes seizures. Calotropis species have been utilized to treat a wide spectrum of ailments since antiquity. Despite chemical and biological investigations, there have been minimal studies on their anticonvulsant activity, and the molecular targets of this plant constituents are unexplored. This study was aimed at investigating the plausible epileptic targets of Calotropis phytoconstituents through network pharmacology, and to evaluate their binding strength and stability with the identified targets...
March 27, 2024: Chemistry & Biodiversity
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