stem signaling pathway

Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean (Glycine max), caused by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, is an extremely destructive disease worldwide. In this study, we identified GmEIL1, which encodes an ethylene-insensitive3 (EIN3) transcription factor. GmEIL1 was significantly induced following P. sojae infection of soybean plants. Compared to wild-type soybean plants, transgenic soybean plants overexpressing GmEIL1 showed enhanced resistance to P. sojae and GmEIL1-silenced RNA-interference lines showed more severe symptoms when infected with P...

Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (Hapln1) supports active cardiomyogenesis in zebrafish hearts, but its regulation in mammal cardiomyocytes is unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential regulation of Hapln1 in the dedifferentiation and proliferation of cardiomyocytes and its therapeutic value in myocardial infarction with human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) and an adult mouse model of myocardial infarction. HiPSC-CMs and adult mice with myocardial infarction were used as in vitro and in vivo models, respectively...

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a vital role in metastasis, recurrence and chemoresistance in breast cancer. β-catenin, which is a frequently over activated protein in CSCs, binds to T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (Tcf/Lef) family transcription factors leading to ectopic expression of Wnt pathway responsive genes necessary for the maintenance and action of CSCs. With the aim of identifying a small molecules that can effectively eliminate CSCs, molecular docking studies were performed against the Tcf/Lef binding hotspot on β-catenin using a library of 100 natural or synthetic small molecules...

The intestine is critical for not only processing nutrients but also protecting the organism from the environment. These functions are mainly carried out by the epithelium, which is constantly being self-renewed. Many genes and pathways can influence intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. Among them is mTORC1, whose activation increases cell proliferation. Here, we report the first intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific knockout (ΔIEC ) of an amino acid transporter capable of activating mTORC1. We show that the transporter, SLC7A5, is highly expressed in mouse intestinal crypt and Slc7a5 ΔIEC reduces mTORC1 signaling...

BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological type of lung cancer with poor overall prognosis. Early identification of high-risk patients and individualized treatment can help extend the survival time of patients. This study aimed to construct and validate a prognostic prediction least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model for stemness-related genes in LUAD. METHODS: Firstly, LUAD RNA-sequencing data and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database...

The study focused on the effects of a triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) scaffolds, varying in porosity, on the repair of mandibular defects in New Zealand white rabbits. Four TPMS configurations (40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% porosity) were fabricated with β-tricalcium phosphate bioceramic via additive manufacturing. Scaffold properties were assessed through scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing. For proliferation and adhesion assays, mouse bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured on these scaffolds...

INTRODUCTION: Cell transplantation is an emerging and effective therapeutic approach for enhancing uterine adhesions caused by endometrial damage. Currently, human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (HUCBMCs) have been extensively for tissue and organ regeneration. However, their application in endometrial repair remains unexplored. Our investigation focuses on the utilization of HUCBMCs for treating endometrial injury. METHODS: The HUCBMCs were isolated from health umbilical cord blood, and co-cultured with the injured endometrial stromal cells and injured endometrial organoids...

INTRODUCTION: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) involves complex interactions between mechanical forces and periodontal tissue adaptation, mainly mediated by periodontal ligament cells, including periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter known for its critical role in bone metabolism, is investigated in this study for its potential to enhance osteogenic differentiation in PDLSCs, which are pivotal in OTM. This study examined the potential of DA to facilitate OTM by binding to DA receptors (D1R and D2R) and activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway...

APOBEC enzymes are part of the innate immunity and are responsible for restricting viruses and retroelements by deaminating cytosine residues 1,2 . Most solid tumors harbor different levels of somatic mutations attributed to the off-target activities of APOBEC3A (A3A) and/or APOBEC3B (A3B) 3-6 . However, how APOBEC3A/B enzymes shape the tumor evolution in the presence of exogenous mutagenic processes is largely unknown. Here, by combining deep whole-genome sequencing with multi-omics profiling of 309 lung cancers from smokers with detailed tobacco smoking information, we identify two subtypes defined by low ( LAS ) and high ( HAS ) APOBEC mutagenesis...

This study aimed to explore the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) inhibition on fracture healing of nonunion and the underlying mechanisms. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were treated with PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (5 μM, 10 μM). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin Red S was used to assess early stage of osteogenesis and osteogenic differentiation. GW9662 (1 mg/kg/day) were administered intraperitoneally into the rats with bone fracture...

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by dysbiosis of the oral microflora, resulting in the destruction of periodontal tissue. Increasing evidence suggested that mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) and exosomes derived from MSCs play a critical role in periodontal tissue regeneration. However, whether stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED)-secreted exosomes can improve the therapeutic potential of periodontitis is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: Here, we aim to evaluate the effect of SHED-exosomes on inflammation, apoptosis and osteogenic differentiation in periodontitis...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as typical metabolic byproducts of aerobic life and play a pivotal role in redox reactions and signal transduction pathways. Contingent upon their concentration, ROS production not only initiates or stimulates tumorigenesis but also causes oxidative stress (OS) and triggers cellular apoptosis. Mounting literature supports the view that ROS are closely interwoven with the pathogenesis of a cluster of diseases, particularly those involving cell proliferation and differentiation, such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic/acute myeloid leukemia (CML/AML)...

Motor functional improvement represents a paramount treatment objective in the post-spinal cord injury (SCI) recovery process. However, neuronal cell death and axonal degeneration following SCI disrupt neural signaling, impeding the motor functional recovery. In this study, we developed a multifunctional decellularized spinal cord-derived extracellular matrix (dSECM), crosslinked with glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), to promote differentiation of stem cells into neural-like cells and facilitate axonogenesis and remyelination...

The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cartilage regeneration has gained significant attention in regenerative medicine. This paper reviews the molecular mechanisms underlying MSC-based cartilage regeneration and explores various therapeutic strategies to enhance the efficacy of MSCs in this context. MSCs exhibit multipotent capabilities and can differentiate into various cell lineages under specific microenvironmental cues. Chondrogenic differentiation, a complex process involving signaling pathways, transcription factors, and growth factors, plays a pivotal role in the successful regeneration of cartilage tissue...

The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of benzophenones (BPs) on the intestinal tract of mice and the potential mechanism. F1-generation ICR mice were exposed to BPs (benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, and benzophenone-3) by breastfeeding from birth until weaning, and by drinking water after weaning until maturity. The offspring mice were executed on postnatal day 56, then their distal colons were sampled. AB-PAS staining, HE staining, immunofluorescence, Transmission Electron Microscope, immunohistochemistry, western blot and RT-qPCR were used to study the effects of BPs exposure on the colonic tissues of offspring mice...

Aerobic glycolysis accelerates tumor proliferation and progression, and inhibitors or drugs targeting abnormal cancer metabolism have been developing. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) significantly contribute to tumor initiation, metastasis, therapy resistance, and recurrence. Formyl peptide receptor 3 (FPR3), a member of FPR family, involves in inflammation, tissue repair, and angiogenesis. However, studies in exploring the regulatory mechanisms of aerobic glycolysis and CSCs by FPR3 in gastric cancer (GC) remain unknown...

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological process during development where epithelial cells transform to acquire mesenchymal characteristics, which allows them to migrate and colonize secondary tissues. Many cellular signaling pathways and master transcriptional factors exert a myriad of controls to fine tune this vital process to meet various developmental and physiological needs. Adding to the complexity of this network are post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations. Among them, alternative splicing has been shown to play important roles to drive EMT-associated phenotypic changes, including actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cell-cell junction changes, cell motility and invasiveness...

Adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) are a promising stem cell sources for tissue engineering and cell-based therapy. However, long-term in vitro expansion of ADSCs impedes stemness maintenance, which is partly attributed to deprivation of their original microenvironment. Incompetent cells limit the therapeutic effects of ADSC-based clinical strategies. Therefore, reconstructing a more physiologically and physically relevant niche is an ideal strategy to address this issue and therefore facilitates the extensive application of ADSCs...

Chemoresistance poses a significant obstacle in the effective treatment of cancer, limiting the success of chemotherapy regimens. N-glycosylation, the most important post-translational modification (PTM), plays multifaceted roles in the intricate landscape of cancer progression, particularly drug resistance in cancer cells. This review explores the complex relationship between N-glycosylation and chemoresistance in cancer. Altered glycosylation patterns have been proven to impact drug efflux mechanisms in cancer cells, which can further influence the intracellular concentration of chemotherapy drugs...

Reducing the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and mitigating its toxicity are pivotal strategies for addressing Cd pollution's threats to agriculture and human health. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) serves as a signaling molecule, playing a crucial role in plant stress defense mechanisms. Nevertheless, a comprehensive assessment of the impact of exogenous H2 S on plant growth, antioxidant properties, and gene expression under Cd stress remains lacking. In this meta-analysis, we synthesized 575 observations from 27 articles, revealing that exogenous H2 S significantly alleviates Cd-induced growth inhibition in plants...