keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534449/quantification-of-thermal-acclimation-in-immune-functions-in-ectothermic-animals
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Franziska C Sandmeier
This short review focuses on current experimental designs to quantify immune acclimation in animals. Especially in the face of rapidly changing thermal regimes, thermal acclimation of immune function has the potential to impact host-pathogen relationships and the fitness of hosts. While much of the field of ecoimmunology has focused on vertebrates and insects, broad interest in how animals can acclimate to temperatures spans taxa. The literature shows a recent increase in thermal acclimation studies in the past six years...
March 9, 2024: Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534397/variation-of-structure-and-cellular-functions-of-type-ia-topoisomerases-across-the-tree-of-life
#22
REVIEW
Kemin Tan, Yuk-Ching Tse-Dinh
Topoisomerases regulate the topological state of cellular genomes to prevent impediments to vital cellular processes, including replication and transcription from suboptimal supercoiling of double-stranded DNA, and to untangle topological barriers generated as replication or recombination intermediates. The subfamily of type IA topoisomerases are the only topoisomerases that can alter the interlinking of both DNA and RNA. In this article, we provide a review of the mechanisms by which four highly conserved N-terminal protein domains fold into a toroidal structure, enabling cleavage and religation of a single strand of DNA or RNA...
March 21, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534060/conformational-mapping-interactions-and-fluorine-impact-by-combined-spectroscopic-approaches-and-quantum-chemical-calculations
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rami Rahimi, Noga Saban, Ilana Bar
Noncovalent interactions and their careful variation can be crucial in understanding molecular structures, conformational topographies, and properties. Here, we examine the fluorination impact on the structure and conformational behavior of 2-(2-fluorophenyl)ethyl alcohol (2-FPEAL) by monitoring the first individual ionization-loss-stimulated Raman spectra of the jet-cooled molecule. The comparison of two different broad-range spectra and predicted equivalents discloses two distinct structures. One possesses a folded side chain ( gauche ) and the other an extended chain ( anti ) with the terminal hydrogen atom pointing opposite or toward the fluorine side, indicating the improper previous tentative assignment of the latter...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533805/genotype-environment-associations-reveal-genes-potentially-linked-to-avian-malaria-infection-in-populations-of-an-endemic-island-bird
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eleanor C Sheppard, Claudia A Martin, Claire Armstrong, Catalina González-Quevedo, Juan Carlos Illera, Alexander Suh, Lewis G Spurgin, David S Richardson
Patterns of pathogen prevalence are, at least partially, the result of coevolutionary host-pathogen interactions. Thus, exploring the distribution of host genetic variation in relation to infection by a pathogen within and across populations can provide important insights into mechanisms of host defence and adaptation. Here, we use a landscape genomics approach (Bayenv) in conjunction with genome-wide data (ddRADseq) to test for associations between avian malaria (Plasmodium) prevalence and host genetic variation across 13 populations of the island endemic Berthelot's pipit (Anthus berthelotii)...
March 27, 2024: Molecular Ecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533797/three-body-interaction-of-gold-nanoparticles-the-role-of-solvent-density-and-ligand-shell-orientation
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hari O S Yadav
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the effective interactions of alkanethiol passivated gold nanoparticles in supercritical ethane at two- and three-particle levels with different solvent densities. Effective interaction is calculated as the potential of mean force (PMF) between two nanoparticles, and the three-body effect is estimated as the difference in PMFs calculated at the two- and three-particle levels. The variation in the three-body effect is examined as a function of solvent density...
March 27, 2024: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics: PCCP
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533659/relation-between-the-relative-abundance-and-collapse-of-aphanizomenon-flos-aquae-and-microbial-antagonism-in-upper-klamath-lake-oregon
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J C Underwood, N C Hall, A C Mumford, R W Harvey, P A Bliznik, K M Jeanis
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) is the dominant filamentous cyanobacterium that develops into blooms in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon each year. During AFA bloom and collapse, ecosystem conditions for endangered Lost River and shortnose suckers deteriorate, thus motivating the need to identify processes that limit AFA abundance and decline. Here we investigate the relations between AFA and other members of the microbial community (photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic bacteria and archaea), how those relations impact abundance and collapse of AFA, and the types of microbial conditions that suppress AFA...
March 26, 2024: FEMS Microbiology Ecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533654/developmental-patterns-underlying-variation-in-form-and-function-exhibited-by-house-gecko-toe-pads
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aaron H Griffing, Tony Gamble, Ashmika Behere, Timothy E Higham, Greta M Keller, John Resener, Thomas J Sanger
Adhesive toe pads have evolved numerous times over lizard evolutionary history, most notably in geckos. Despite significant variation in adult toe pad morphology across independent origins of toe pads, early developmental patterns of toe pad morphogenesis are similar among distantly related species. In these distant phylogenetic comparisons, toe pad variation is achieved during the later stages of development. We aimed to understand how toe pad variation is generated among species sharing a single evolutionary origin of toe pads (house geckos-Hemidactylus)...
March 26, 2024: Integrative and Comparative Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533563/direct-admission-program-implementation-a-qualitative-analysis-of-variation-across-health-systems
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jordan A Taylor, Corrie E McDaniel, Cathryn A Stevens, Elizabeth Jacob-Files, Stephanie C Acquilano, Seneca D Freyleue, Ryan Bode, Guliz Erdem, Kristyn Felman, Stephanie Lauden, Martha L Bruce, JoAnna K Leyenaar
OBJECTIVES: Direct admission (DA) to the hospital has the potential to improve family satisfaction and timeliness of care by bypassing the emergency department. Using the RE-AIM implementation framework, we sought to characterize variation across health systems in the reach, effectiveness, adoption, and implementation of a DA program from the perspectives of parents and multidisciplinary clinicians. METHODS: As part of a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial to compare the effectiveness of DA to admission through the emergency department, we evaluated DA rates across 69 clinics and 3 health systems and conducted semi-structured interviews with parents and clinicians...
March 27, 2024: Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533407/nitrogen-acquisition-strategy-shifts-with-tree-age-depending-on-root-functional-traits-and-soil-properties-in-larix-principis-rupprechtii-plantations
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qianyuan Liu, Yaxuan Chen, Yanmei Chen
INTRODUCTION: Variation in plant nitrogen uptake rate and substrate preference is complicated due to the combined influence of abiotic and biotic factors. For the same species of tree across different ages, the interactions between root structural traits, nitrogen uptake rate, and soil environment have not been fully characterized, a situation that constrains our understanding of underground resource strategies employed by trees at different ages. METHODS: In the present study, we examined the nitrogen uptake rate, mycorrhiza, morphology, architecture, and chemistry of the roots of Larix principis-rupprechtii in a chronosequence (aged 18, 27, 37, 46, and 57 years) in the Saihanba Mechanical Forest Farm in Northern China...
2024: Frontiers in Plant Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533406/accumulation-patterns-of-tobacco-root-allelopathicals-across-different-cropping-durations-and-their-correlation-with-continuous-cropping-challenges
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fangfang Zhou, Yihong Pan, Xiaolong Zhang, Guobing Deng, Xiaoting Li, Yubin Xiong, Li Tang
INTRODUCTION: Continuous cropping challenges have gradually emerged as pivotal factors limiting the sustainable development of agricultural production. Allelopathicals are considered to be the primary obstacles. However, there is limited information on allelopathic accumulation across various continuous cropping years and its correlation with the associated challenges. METHODS: Tobacco was subjected to varying planting durations: 1 year (CR), 5 years (CC5), 10 years (CC10), and 15 years (CC15)...
2024: Frontiers in Plant Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533331/changes-in-the-bacterial-communities-of-harmonia-axyridis-coleoptera-coccinellidae-in-response-to-long-term-cold-storage-and-progressive-loss-of-egg-viability-in-cold-stored-beetles
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuanxing Sun, Yanan Hao, Senshan Wang, Xinling Chen
Bacteria have a profound influence on life history and reproduction of numerous insects, while the associations between hosts and bacteria are substantially influenced by environmental pressures. Cold storage is crucial for extending the shelf life of insects used as tools for biological control, but mostly causes detrimental effects. In this study, we observed a great decrease in egg hatch rate of cold-stored Harmonia axyridis during the later oviposition periods. Furthermore, most eggs produced by their F1 offspring exhibited complete loss of hatchability...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533102/synthesis-of-different-organic-ammonium-based-bismuth-iodide-perovskites-for-photodetection-application
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amr Elattar, Cassie Duclos, Franchesca Bellevu, Tarik Dickens, Okenwa Okoli
Bismuth-based perovskites are promising candidates for highly stable halide perovskites with low toxicity. Here, we report the synthesis of a series of bismuth iodide-based perovskites with different primary, secondary, and tertiary ammonium cations and study their structural, thermal, and optical properties, and the likelihood of photodetection. Interestingly, the variation of A-site organic ammonium cations, with different interlayer spacings between adjacent bismuth iodide monolayers, has exotic effects on the diffraction patterns and morphological structures of the perovskite crystals...
March 20, 2024: RSC Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532829/assessment-of-hand-washing-knowledge-and-practice-among-nursing-undergraduates-in-saudi-arabia
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wajid Syed, Mahmood Basil A Al-Rawi
PURPOSE: The present study investigated the knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among entry-level nursing students at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants and Methods : A cross-sectional, institutional-based study was conducted among Saudi nursing students over a period of four months at the King Saud University College of Nursing, using a structured, self-administered questionnaire that assessed demographics, knowledge, and the practice of hand washing. RESULTS: A response rate of 95% was obtained...
2024: Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532692/kcd-a-prediction-web-server-of-knowledge-based-circular-dichroism
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Damián Jacinto-Méndez, Carmen Giovana Granados-Ramírez, Mauricio D Carbajal-Tinoco
We present a web server that predicts the far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectra of proteins by utilizing their three-dimensional (3D) structures from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The main algorithm is based on the classical theory of optical activity together with a set of atomic complex polarizabilities, which are obtained from the analysis of a series of synchrotron radiation CD spectra and their related 3D structures from the PDB. The results of our knowledge-based CD method (KCD) are in good agreement with measured spectra that could include the effect of D-amino acids...
April 2024: Protein Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532535/variation-in-leaf-carbon-economics-energy-balance-and-heat-tolerance-traits-highlights-differing-timescales-of-adaptation-and-acclimation
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicole N Bison, Sean T Michaletz
Multivariate leaf trait correlations are hypothesized to originate from natural selection on carbon economics traits that control lifetime leaf carbon gain, and energy balance traits governing leaf temperatures, physiological rates, and heat injury. However, it is unclear whether macroevolution of leaf traits primarily reflects selection for lifetime carbon gain or energy balance, and whether photosynthetic heat tolerance is coordinated along these axes. To evaluate these hypotheses, we measured carbon economics, energy balance, and photosynthetic heat tolerance traits for 177 species (157 families) in a common garden that minimizes co-variation of taxa and climate...
March 26, 2024: New Phytologist
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532512/landscape-level-associations-between-birds-mosquitoes-and-microclimates-possible-consequences-for-disease-transmission
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Louie Krol, Laure Remmerswaal, Marvin Groen, Jordy G van der Beek, Reina S Sikkema, Martha Dellar, Peter M van Bodegom, Gertjan W Geerling, Maarten Schrama
BACKGROUND: Mosquito-borne diseases are on the rise. While climatic factors have been linked to disease occurrences, they do not explain the non-random spatial distribution in disease outbreaks. Landscape-related factors, such as vegetation structure, likely play a crucial but hitherto unquantified role. METHODS: We explored how three critically important factors that are associated with mosquito-borne disease outbreaks: microclimate, mosquito abundance and bird communities, vary at the landscape scale...
March 26, 2024: Parasites & Vectors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532317/cosap-comparative-sequencing-analysis-platform
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mehmet Arif Ergun, Omer Cinal, Berkant Bakışlı, Abdullah Asım Emül, Mehmet Baysan
BACKGROUND: Recent improvements in sequencing technologies enabled detailed profiling of genomic features. These technologies mostly rely on short reads which are merged and compared to reference genome for variant identification. These operations should be done with computers due to the size and complexity of the data. The need for analysis software resulted in many programs for mapping, variant calling and annotation steps. Currently, most programs are either expensive enterprise software with proprietary code which makes access and verification very difficult or open-access programs that are mostly based on command-line operations without user interfaces and extensive documentation...
March 26, 2024: BMC Bioinformatics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531894/abundant-pleiotropy-across-neuroimaging-modalities-identified-through-a-multivariate-genome-wide-association-study
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E P Tissink, A A Shadrin, D van der Meer, N Parker, G Hindley, D Roelfs, O Frei, C C Fan, M Nagel, T Nærland, M Budisteanu, S Djurovic, L T Westlye, M P van den Heuvel, D Posthuma, T Kaufmann, A M Dale, O A Andreassen
Genetic pleiotropy is abundant across spatially distributed brain characteristics derived from one neuroimaging modality (e.g. structural, functional or diffusion magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). A better understanding of pleiotropy across modalities could inform us on the integration of brain function, micro- and macrostructure. Here we show extensive genetic overlap across neuroimaging modalities at a locus and gene level in the UK Biobank (N = 34,029) and ABCD Study (N = 8607)...
March 26, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531844/using-rare-genetic-mutations-to-revisit-structural-brain-asymmetry
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jakub Kopal, Kuldeep Kumar, Kimia Shafighi, Karin Saltoun, Claudia Modenato, Clara A Moreau, Guillaume Huguet, Martineau Jean-Louis, Charles-Olivier Martin, Zohra Saci, Nadine Younis, Elise Douard, Khadije Jizi, Alexis Beauchamp-Chatel, Leila Kushan, Ana I Silva, Marianne B M van den Bree, David E J Linden, Michael J Owen, Jeremy Hall, Sarah Lippé, Bogdan Draganski, Ida E Sønderby, Ole A Andreassen, David C Glahn, Paul M Thompson, Carrie E Bearden, Robert Zatorre, Sébastien Jacquemont, Danilo Bzdok
Asymmetry between the left and right hemisphere is a key feature of brain organization. Hemispheric functional specialization underlies some of the most advanced human-defining cognitive operations, such as articulated language, perspective taking, or rapid detection of facial cues. Yet, genetic investigations into brain asymmetry have mostly relied on common variants, which typically exert small effects on brain-related phenotypes. Here, we leverage rare genomic deletions and duplications to study how genetic alterations reverberate in human brain and behavior...
March 26, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531282/a-method-for-generating-case-specific-vehicle-models-from-a-single-view-vehicle-image-for-accurate-pedestrian-injury-reconstructions
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qi Huang, Natalia Lindgren, Zhou Zhou, Xiaogai Li, Svein Kleiven
Developing vehicle finite element (FE) models that match real accident-involved vehicles is challenging. This is related to the intricate variety of geometric features and components. The current study proposes a novel method to efficiently and accurately generate case-specific buck models for car-to-pedestrian simulations. To achieve this, we implemented the vehicle side-view images to detect the horizontal position and roundness of two wheels to rectify distortions and deviations and then extracted the mid-section profiles for comparative calculations against baseline vehicle models to obtain the transformation matrices...
March 25, 2024: Accident; Analysis and Prevention
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