keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543871/mrna-therapeutic-vaccine-for-hepatitis-b-demonstrates-immunogenicity-and-efficacy-in-the-aav-hbv-mouse-model
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dorien De Pooter, Wim Pierson, Soheil Pourshahian, Koen Dockx, Ben De Clerck, Isabel Najera, Heather Davis, Ellen Van Gulck, Daniel Boden
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) develops in millions of patients per year, despite the availability of effective prophylactic vaccines. Patients who resolve acute HBV infection develop HBV-specific polyfunctional T cells accompanied by neutralizing antibodies, while in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), immune cells are dysfunctional and impaired. We describe a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated mRNA vaccine, optimized for the expression of HBV core, polymerase, and surface (preS2-S) antigens with the aim of inducing an effective immune response in patients with CHB...
February 25, 2024: Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543863/vaccine-based-on-recombinant-fusion-protein-combining-hepatitis-b-virus-pres-with-sars-cov-2-wild-type-and-omicron-derived-receptor-binding-domain-strongly-induces-omicron-neutralizing-antibodies-in-a-murine-model
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pia Gattinger, Bernhard Kratzer, Al Nasar Ahmed Sehgal, Anna Ohradanova-Repic, Laura Gebetsberger, Gabor Tajti, Margarete Focke-Tejkl, Mirjam Schaar, Verena Fuhrmann, Lukas Petrowitsch, Walter Keller, Sandra Högler, Hannes Stockinger, Winfried F Pickl, Rudolf Valenta
BACKGROUND: COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a recurrent endemic disease affecting the whole world. Since November 2021, Omicron and its subvariants have dominated in the spread of the disease. In order to prevent severe courses of disease, vaccines are needed to boost and maintain antibody levels capable of neutralizing Omicron. Recently, we produced and characterized a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on a recombinant fusion protein consisting of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived PreS and two SARS-CoV-2 wild-type RBDs...
February 23, 2024: Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543781/human-oncogenic-viruses-characteristics-and-prevention-strategies-lessons-learned-from-human-papillomaviruses
#3
REVIEW
Luisa Galati, Maria Vincenza Chiantore, Mariarosaria Marinaro, Paola Di Bonito
Approximately 12% of human cancers worldwide are associated with infectious agents, which are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 1 within the agents that are carcinogenic to humans. Most of these agents are viruses. Group 1 oncogenic viruses include hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, human immunodeficiency virus-1 and high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs). In addition, some human polyomaviruses are suspected of inducing cancer prevalently in hosts with impaired immune responses...
March 8, 2024: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543746/transcriptomic-responses-to-koi-herpesvirus-in-isolated-blood-leukocytes-from-infected-common-carp
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Irene Cano, Ellen Blaker, David Hartnell, Audrey Farbos, Karen A Moore, Adele Cobb, Eduarda M Santos, Ronny van Aerle
Koi herpesvirus (KHV, CyHV-3) causes severe economic losses in carp farms. Its eradication is challenging due to the establishment of latency in blood leukocytes and other tissues. To understand the molecular mechanisms leading to KHV infection in leukocytes, common carp were bath-exposed to KHV at 17 °C. After confirming the presence of viral transcripts in blood leukocytes at ten days post infection, RNA-Seq was performed on peripheral blood leukocytes on the Illumina NovaSeq. KHV infection triggered a robust immune response mediated by pattern recognition receptors, mainly toll-like receptors ( tlr2 , tlr5 , tlr7, and tlr13 ), urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor -like, galectin proteins, and lipid mediators such as leukotriene B4 receptor 1 ...
February 28, 2024: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38541675/hepatitis-b-in-pediatric-population-observational-retrospective-study-in-romania
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniela Păcurar, Alexandru Dinulescu, Gheorghiță Jugulete, Alexandru-Sorin Păsărică, Irina Dijmărescu
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a frequent cause of chronic hepatitis worldwide, with an estimated 5.6 million children under 5 years being infected. In Romania, there are no available epidemiology reports on large cohorts in children. We aimed to assess the profile of pediatric chronic HBV infection in southern Romania. We conducted an observational retrospective study on 506 HBV-infected children. Based on alaninaminotransferase (ALT), HBV serology and viremia, we identified four states of the disease. We correlated age, gender, household HBV infection, coinfection with other viruses and laboratory parameters...
March 7, 2024: Life
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540261/the-possible-role-of-pathogens-and-chronic-immune-stimulation-in-the-development-of-diffuse-large-b-cell-lymphoma
#6
REVIEW
Lajos Gergely, Miklos Udvardy, Arpad Illes
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The disease is very heterogeneous, with distinct genetic alterations in subtypes. The WHO 2022 5th edition classification identifies several minor groups of large B-cell lymphoma where the pathogenetic role of viruses (like EBV and HHV-8) is identified. Still, most cases fall into the group of DLBCL not otherwise specified (NOS). No review focuses only on this specific lymphoma type in the literature. The pathogenesis of this entity is still not fully understood, but several viruses and bacteria may have a role in the development of the disease...
March 14, 2024: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540137/delivery-of-a-hepatitis-c-virus-vaccine-encoding-ns3-linked-to-the-mhc-class-ii-chaperone-protein-invariant-chain-using-bacterial-ghosts
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yulang Chi, Shikun Zhang, Shouping Ji
Efficient delivery of a DNA plasmid into antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is a potential strategy to enhance the immune responses of DNA vaccines. The bacterial ghost (BG) is a potent DNA vaccine delivery system that targets APCs. In the present work, we describe a new strategy of using E. coli BGs as carriers for an Ii-linked Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) NS3 DNA vaccine that improved both the transgene expression level and the antigen-presentation level in APCs. BGs were prepared from DH5α cells, characterized via electron microscopy and loaded with the DNA vaccine...
February 26, 2024: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38538288/chronic-viral-infection-compromises-the-quality-of-circulating-mucosal-associated-invariant-t-cells-and-follicular-t-helper-cells-via-expression-of-inhibitory-receptors
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jaisheela Vimali, Yean K Yong, Amudhan Murugesan, Hong Y Tan, Ying Zhang, Rajeev Ashwin, Sivadoss Raju, Pachamuthu Balakrishnan, Marie Larsson, Vijayakumar Velu, Esaki M Shankar
BACKGROUND: Chronic viral infection results in impaired immune responses rendering viral persistence. Here, we compared the quality of T-cell responses among chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals by examining the levels of expression of selected immune activation and exhaustion molecules on circulating MAIT cells and Tfh cells. METHODS: Cytokines were measured using a commercial Bio-plex Pro Human Cytokine Grp I Panel 17-plex kit (BioRad, Hercules, CA, USA)...
March 22, 2024: Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535599/alterations-in-n-glycosylation-of-hcv-e2-protein-in-children-patients-with-ifn-rbv-therapy-failure
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karolina Zimmer, Alicja M Chmielewska, Paulina Jackowiak, Marek Figlerowicz, Krystyna Bienkowska-Szewczyk
The glycosylation of viral envelope proteins plays an important role in virus biology and the immune response of the host to infection. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope proteins E1 and E2, key players in virus entry and spread, are highly N-glycosylated and possess 4 (5 in certain genotypes) to 11 conserved glycosylation sites, respectively. Many published results based on recombinant proteins indicate that the glycan shield can mask the epitopes targeted by neutralizing antibodies. Glycan shifting within the conserved linear E2 region (412-423) could be one of the escape strategies used by HCV...
March 15, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528584/potential-use-of-proprotein-convertase-subtilisin-kexin-type-9-pcsk9-inhibition-and-prevention-method-in-viral-infection
#10
REVIEW
Khursheed Muzammil, Mohammad Hosseini Hooshiar, Shirin Varmazyar, Thabit Moath Omar, Manal Morad Karim, Sadeq Aadi, Shaylan Kalavi, Saman Yasamineh
Cellular lipid membranes serve as the primary barrier preventing viral infection of the host cell and provide viruses with a critical initial point of contact. Occasionally, viruses can utilize lipids as viral receptors. Viruses depend significantly on lipid rafts for infection at virtually every stage of their life cycle. The pivotal role that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) plays in cholesterol homeostasis and atherosclerosis, primarily by post-transcriptionally regulating hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and promoting its lysosomal degradation, has garnered increasing interest...
March 25, 2024: Microbial Cell Factories
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528198/clinical-features-of-patients-with-hepatocellular-carcinoma-treated-with-radiofrequency-ablation-therapy-developing-a-simple-score-to-determine-the-need-for-immune-adjuvant-therapy
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fujimasa Tada, Atsushi Hiraoka, Kosuke Nakatani, Kana Matsuoka, Mai Fukumoto, Takuya Matsuda, Emi Yanagihara, Hironobu Saneto, Taisei Murakami, Kei Onishi, Hirofumi Izumoto, Shogo Kitahata, Kozue Kanemitsu-Okada, Tomoe Kawamura, Taira Kuroda, Jun Hanaoka, Jota Watanabe, Hiromi Ohtani, Osamu Yoshida, Masashi Hirooka, Hideki Miyata, Eiji Tsubouchi, Masanori Abe, Bunzo Matsuura, Tomoyuki Ninomiya, Yoichi Hiasa
BACKGROUND/AIM: Unresectable recurrence after curative treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a life-limited event. Although the IMbrave050 trial (IM050) showed a favorable reduction in recurrence with adjuvant immune-combination chemotherapy, inclusion criteria of the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) group were lower risk than that of the resection group. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical features of patients treated with RFA, which really need adjuvant-chemotherapy. METHODS: From 2000 to 2022, 528 patients with Child-Pugh A and HCC within the Milan criteria (MC), who met the IM050 criteria for RFA and undergone resection or RFA, were enrolled (71 years, HCV:HBV:HBV/HCV:alcohol:others = 337:44:5:53:89, multi-tumor = 138, RFA:resection = 309:219)...
March 26, 2024: Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520313/impact-of-il-10-gene-promoter-polymorphisms-on-treatment-response-in-hcv-patients-a-systematic-review-a-meta-analysis-and-a-meta-regression
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tarak Dhaouadi, Awatef Riahi, Taïeb Ben Abdallah, Yousr Gorgi, Imen Sfar
The impact of interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene promoter polymorphisms (SNPs) on treatment response in HCV patients was dissimilarly estimated. Hence, the aim of this meta-analysis was to robustly assess the effect of IL-10 SNPs on treatment response in HCV patients. An electronic literature search was carried out through PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, and Scopus databases. Studies assessing the association between IL-10 polymorphisms and treatment response in HCV patients were included. Studies were excluded if genotype frequencies are not consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) or in case of including patients with hepatitis B virus coinfection...
2024: International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518779/convergent-evolution-and-targeting-of-diverse-e2-epitopes-by-human-broadly-neutralizing-antibodies-are-associated-with-hcv-clearance
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clinton O Ogega, Nicole E Skinner, Marta V Schoenle, Xander E Wilcox, Nicole Frumento, Desiree A Wright, Harry T Paul, Ariadne Sinnis-Bourozikas, Kaitlyn E Clark, Alexis Figueroa, Pamela J Bjorkman, Stuart C Ray, Andrew I Flyak, Justin R Bailey
The early appearance of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) in serum is associated with spontaneous hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance, but to date, the majority of bNAbs have been isolated from chronically infected donors. Most of these bNAbs use the VH 1-69 gene segment and target the envelope glycoprotein E2 front layer. Here, we performed longitudinal B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire analysis on an elite neutralizer who spontaneously cleared multiple HCV infections. We isolated 10,680 E2-reactive B cells, performed BCR sequencing, characterized monoclonal B cell cultures, and isolated bNAbs...
March 15, 2024: Immunity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516248/mitochondrial-dysfunction-affects-hepatic-immune-and-metabolic-remodeling-in-patients-with-hepatitis-b-virus-related-acute-on-chronic-liver-failure
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu Zhang, Xiao-Ling Tian, Jie-Qun Li, Dong-Sheng Wu, Qiang Li, Bin Chen
BACKGROUND: Immune dysregulation and metabolic derangement have been recognized as key factors that contribute to the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). However, the mechanisms underlying immune and metabolic derangement in patients with advanced HBV-ACLF are unclear. AIM: To identify the bioenergetic alterations in the liver of patients with HBV-ACLF causing hepatic immune dysregulation and metabolic disorders...
February 28, 2024: World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514898/impact-of-irgm-gene-promoter-polymorphisms-on-susceptibility-to-chronic-hbv-infection
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hai Cheng, Yaoling Ouyang, Chengbin Li
The autophagy gene immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM) can affect the immune response against intracellular pathogens. The study was performed to determine any possible association between three IRGM single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs4958842, rs4958843 and rs4958846) and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A total of 171 chronic HBV-infected individuals and 171 healthy controls were collected. Peripheral blood cells and Sanger sequencing were used to extract genomic DNA and determine the SNP genotypes, respectively...
March 21, 2024: International Journal of Immunogenetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508038/acute-murine-betacoronavirus-infection-impairs-testicular-steroidogenesis-and-the-quality-of-sperm-production
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A F A Figueiredo, N T Wnuk, M R G Brener, T O Farias, G H Campolina-Silva, A C S P Andrade, C M Queiroz-Junior, G B Menezes, M M Teixeira, V V Costa, G M J Costa
Although several testicular alterations promoted by coronavirus infection have been demonstrated, the extent, causes, and players of testicular pathogenesis are not totally understood. The present study aimed to investigate the short-term effects on male fertility of intranasally administered murine hepatitis virus strain 3 (MHV-3), a member of the genus Betacoronavirus, which causes a severe systemic acute infection. This mouse model might be used as a in vivo prototype for investigating the impact of betacoronavirus on the endocrine and exocrine testicular functions with the advantage to be performed in a biosafety level 2 condition...
February 13, 2024: Journal of Reproductive Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500280/interferon-upregulation-associates-with-insulin-resistance-in-humans
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria M Adeva-Andany, Natalia Carneiro-Freire, Elvira Castro-Quintela, Eva Ameneiros-Rodriguez, Lucia Adeva-Contreras, Carlos Fernandez-Fernandez
In humans, insulin resistance is a physiological response to infections developed to supply sufficient energy to the activated immune system. This metabolic adaptation facilitates the immune response but usually persists after the recovery period of the infection and predisposes the hosts to type 2 diabetes and vascular injury. In patients with diabetes, superimposed insulin resistance worsens metabolic control and promotes diabetic ketoacidosis. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying insulin resistance during microbial invasions remain to be fully defined...
March 18, 2024: Current Diabetes Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38499186/novel-perspectives-on-thrombopoietin-receptor-agonists-applications
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christos Stafylidis, Dimitra Vlachopoulou, Stavroula Syriopoulou, Sevastianos Chatzidavid, Nora-Athina Viniou
Second-generation thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), romiplostim, eltrombopag, and avatrombopag, have been proved to be significant stimulators of megakaryopoiesis and, in the last decade, they have been incorporated in the treatment options against refractory immune thrombocytopenia in children and adults that do not respond to conventional therapy. Additionally, given their beneficial impact on hematopoiesis, they have successfully been applied in cases of non-immune thrombocytopenia, such as aplastic anemia, HCV-related thrombocytopenia, chronic liver disease, and most recently acute radiation syndrome...
March 18, 2024: Hämostaseologie
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496355/ifn-%C3%AE-il-17-il-22-cd4-subset-in-patients-with-hepatitis-c-virus-and-correlation-with-clinical-factor
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Soolmaz Khansalar, Zahra Faghih, Shaghik Barani, Mehdi Kalani, Mohammad Reza Ataollahi, Zeinab Mohammadi, Sepideh Namdari, Kurosh Kalantar
BACKGROUND: CD4+ T cell responses in HCV infection have a crucial role in the immunopathology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Our aim was to investigate the frequency of Th1, Th17, and Th22 cells in HCV-infected patients and elucidate their role in the progression of the disease. METHODS: Twenty-six HCV-infected patients and 26 healthy individuals were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stained to separate CD4, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-22 producing cells using flow cytometry...
2024: American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495284/autoimmune-hepatitis-and-primary-sclerosing-cholangitis-after-direct-acting-antiviral-treatment-for-hepatitis-c-virus-a-case-report
#20
Yoshiki Morihisa, Hobyung Chung, Shuichiro Towatari, Daisuke Yamashita, Tetsuro Inokuma
BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global health concern that leads to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and cancer. Regimens containing direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have become the mainstay of HCV treatment, achieving a high sustained virological response (SVR) with minimal adverse events. CASE SUMMARY: A 74-year-old woman with chronic HCV infection was treated with the DAAs ledipasvir, and sofosbuvir for 12 wk and achieved SVR. Twenty-four weeks after treatment completion, the liver enzyme and serum IgG levels increased, and antinuclear antibody became positive without HCV viremia, suggesting the development of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)...
February 27, 2024: World Journal of Hepatology
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