keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37703281/sequencing-4-3-million-mutations-in-wheat-promoters-to-understand-and-modify-gene-expression
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junli Zhang, Hongchun Xiong, Germán F Burguener, Hans Vasquez-Gross, Qiujie Liu, Juan M Debernardi, Alina Akhunova, Kimberly Garland-Campbell, Shahryar F Kianian, Gina Brown-Guedira, Curtis Pozniak, Justin D Faris, Eduard Akhunov, Jorge Dubcovsky
Wheat is an important contributor to global food security, and further improvements are required to feed a growing human population. Functional genetics and genomics tools can help us to understand the function of different genes and to engineer beneficial changes. In this study, we used a promoter capture assay to sequence 2-kb regions upstream of all high-confidence annotated genes from 1,513 mutagenized plants from the tetraploid wheat variety Kronos. We identified 4.3 million induced mutations with an accuracy of 99...
September 19, 2023: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37666372/crispr-cas9-mediated-genome-editing-techniques-and-new-breeding-strategies-in-cereals-current-status-improvements-and-perspectives
#22
REVIEW
Sunny Ahmar, Goetz Hensel, Damian Gruszka
Cereal crops, including triticeae species (barley, wheat, rye), as well as edible cereals (wheat, corn, rice, oat, rye, sorghum), are significant suppliers for human consumption, livestock feed, and breweries. Over the past half-century, modern varieties of cereal crops with increased yields have contributed to global food security. However, presently cultivated elite crop varieties were developed mainly for optimal environmental conditions. Thus, it has become evident that taking into account the ongoing climate changes, currently a priority should be given to developing new stress-tolerant cereal cultivars...
September 2, 2023: Biotechnology Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37659597/new-insights-into-molecular-features-of-the-genome-wide-aox-family-and-their-responses-to-various-stresses-in-common-wheat-triticum-aestivum-l
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shengli Zhang, Cuiping Yan, Tairui Lu, Yuchao Fan, Yueming Ren, Jishun Zhao, Xiaojing Shan, Yuanyuan Guan, Puwen Song, Dongfang Li, Haiyan Hu
Alternative oxidase (AOX) is an important terminal oxidase involved in the alternative oxidation pathway in plants, which is closely related to various biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, a comprehensive research on AOX gene family of wheat is still lacking. In this study, the members of wheat AOX (TaAOX) family were identified, and their molecular characteristics and gene expression patterns were systematically investigated. Seventeen TaAOX genes were identified from Chinese Spring (CS) genome, which were mapped on 7 chromosomes and mainly clustered on the long arm's distal end of the second homologous groups...
August 31, 2023: Gene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37641460/prospects-for-developing-allergen-depleted-food-crops
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vadthya Lokya, Sejal Parmar, Arun K Pandey, Hari K Sudini, Dongxin Huai, Peggy Ozias-Akins, Christine H Foyer, Chogozie Victor Nwosu, Barbara Karpinska, Alison Baker, Pei Xu, Boshou Liao, Reyazul Rouf Mir, Xiaoping Chen, Baozhu Guo, Henry T Nguyen, Rakesh Kumar, Sandeep K Bera, Prashant Singam, Anirudh Kumar, Rajeev K Varshney, Manish K Pandey
In addition to the challenge of meeting global demand for food production, there are increasing concerns about food safety and the need to protect consumer health from the negative effects of foodborne allergies. Certain bio-molecules (usually proteins) present in food can act as allergens that trigger unusual immunological reactions, with potentially life-threatening consequences. The relentless working lifestyles of the modern era often incorporate poor eating habits that include readymade prepackaged and processed foods, which contain additives such as peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, and soy-based products, rather than traditional home cooking...
August 28, 2023: Plant Genome
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37609038/unravelling-the-genetic-framework-associated-with-grain-quality-and-yield-related-traits-in-maize-zea-mays-l
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mehak Sethi, Dinesh Kumar Saini, Veena Devi, Charanjeet Kaur, Mohini Prabha Singh, Jasneet Singh, Gomsie Pruthi, Amanpreet Kaur, Alla Singh, Dharam Paul Chaudhary
Maize serves as a crucial nutrient reservoir for a significant portion of the global population. However, to effectively address the growing world population's hidden hunger, it is essential to focus on two key aspects: biofortification of maize and improving its yield potential through advanced breeding techniques. Moreover, the coordination of multiple targets within a single breeding program poses a complex challenge. This study compiled mapping studies conducted over the past decade, identifying quantitative trait loci associated with grain quality and yield related traits in maize...
2023: Frontiers in Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37606731/fighting-wheat-powdery-mildew-from-genes-to-fields
#26
REVIEW
Bo Wang, Ting Meng, Bei Xiao, Tianying Yu, Tingyan Yue, Yuli Jin, Pengtao Ma
Host resistance conferred by Pm genes provides an effective strategy to control powdery mildew. The study of Pm genes helps modern breeding develop toward more intelligent and customized. Powdery mildew of wheat is one of the most destructive diseases seriously threatening the crop yield and quality worldwide. The genetic research on powdery mildew (Pm) resistance has entered a new era. Many Pm genes from wheat and its wild and domesticated relatives have been mined and cloned. Meanwhile, modern breeding strategies based on high-throughput sequencing and genome editing are emerging and developing toward more intelligent and customized...
August 22, 2023: TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische und Angewandte Genetik
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37589238/grain-yield-improvement-by-genome-editing-of-taarf12-that-decoupled-peduncle-and-rachis-development-trajectories-via-differential-regulation-of-gibberellin-signalling-in-wheat
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xingchen Kong, Fang Wang, Zhenyu Wang, Xiuhua Gao, Shuaifeng Geng, Zhongyin Deng, Shuang Zhang, Mingxue Fu, Dada Cui, Shaoshuai Liu, Yuqing Che, Ruyi Liao, Lingjie Yin, Peng Zhou, Ke Wang, Xingguo Ye, Dengcai Liu, Xiangdong Fu, Long Mao, Aili Li
Plant breeding is constrained by trade-offs among different agronomic traits by the pleiotropic nature of many genes. Genes that contribute to two or more favourable traits with no penalty on yield are rarely reported, especially in wheat. Here, we describe the editing of a wheat auxin response factor TaARF12 by using CRISPR/Cas9 that rendered shorter plant height with larger spikes. Changes in plant architecture enhanced grain number per spike up to 14.7% with significantly higher thousand-grain weight and up to 11...
August 17, 2023: Plant Biotechnology Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37569295/opportunities-and-challenges-of-in-vitro-tissue-culture-systems-in-the-era-of-crop-genome-editing
#28
REVIEW
Zelalem Eshetu Bekalu, Michael Panting, Inger Bæksted Holme, Henrik Brinch-Pedersen
Currently, the development of genome editing (GE) tools has provided a wide platform for targeted modification of plant genomes. However, the lack of versatile DNA delivery systems for a large variety of crop species has been the main bottleneck for improving crops with beneficial traits. Currently, the generation of plants with heritable mutations induced by GE tools mostly goes through tissue culture. Unfortunately, current tissue culture systems restrict successful results to only a limited number of plant species and genotypes...
July 25, 2023: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37546276/triticeae-crop-genome-biology-an-endless-frontier
#29
REVIEW
Zhaoxu Gao, Jianxin Bian, Fei Lu, Yuling Jiao, Hang He
Triticeae, the wheatgrass tribe, includes several major cereal crops and their wild relatives. Major crops within the Triticeae are wheat, barley, rye, and oat, which are important for human consumption, animal feed, and rangeland protection. Species within this tribe are known for their large genomes and complex genetic histories. Powered by recent advances in sequencing technology, researchers worldwide have made progress in elucidating the genomes of Triticeae crops. In addition to assemblies of high-quality reference genomes, pan-genome studies have just started to capture the genomic diversities of these species, shedding light on our understanding of the genetic basis of domestication and environmental adaptation of Triticeae crops...
2023: Frontiers in Plant Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37541970/crispr-cas9-genome-editing-in-wheat-enhancing-quality-and-productivity-for-global-food-security-a-review
#30
REVIEW
Hany Elsharawy, Moath Refat
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop that is grown all over the world for food and industrial purposes. Wheat is essential to the human diet due to its rich content of necessary amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and calories. Various wheat breeding techniques have been utilized to improve its quality, productivity, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress impairing production. However, these techniques are expensive, demanding, and time-consuming. Additionally, these techniques need multiple generations to provide the desired results, and the improved traits could be lost over time...
August 4, 2023: Functional & Integrative Genomics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37522927/advances-in-bread-wheat-production-through-crispr-cas9-technology-a-comprehensive-review-of-quality-and-other-aspects
#31
REVIEW
Esma Yigider, Mahmut Sinan Taspinar, Guleray Agar
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the CRISPR/Cas9 technique and the research areas of this gene editing tool in improving wheat quality. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the basic nutrition for most of the human population, contributes 20% of the daily energy needed because of its, carbohydrate, essential amino acids, minerals, protein, and vitamin content. Wheat varieties that produce high yields and have enhanced nutritional quality will be required to fulfill future demands. Hexaploid wheat has A, B, and D genomes and includes three like but not identical copies of genes that influence important yield and quality...
July 31, 2023: Planta
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37447132/genomics-for-yield-and-yield-components-in-durum-wheat
#32
REVIEW
Francesca Taranto, Salvatore Esposito, Pasquale De Vita
In recent years, many efforts have been conducted to dissect the genetic basis of yield and yield components in durum wheat thanks to linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies. In this review, starting from the analysis of the genetic bases that regulate the expression of yield for developing new durum wheat varieties, we have highlighted how, currently, the reductionist approach, i.e., dissecting the yield into its individual components, does not seem capable of ensuring significant yield increases due to diminishing resources, land loss, and ongoing climate change...
July 7, 2023: Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37409308/targeted-genome-editing-in-polyploids-lessons-from-brassica
#33
REVIEW
Niaz Ahmad, Samia Fatima, Muhammad Aamer Mehmood, Qamar U Zaman, Rana Muhammad Atif, Weijun Zhou, Mehboob-Ur Rahman, Rafaqat Ali Gill
CRISPR-mediated genome editing has emerged as a powerful tool for creating targeted mutations in the genome for various applications, including studying gene functions, engineering resilience against biotic and abiotic stresses, and increasing yield and quality. However, its utilization is limited to model crops for which well-annotated genome sequences are available. Many crops of dietary and economic importance, such as wheat, cotton, rapeseed-mustard, and potato, are polyploids with complex genomes. Therefore, progress in these crops has been hampered due to genome complexity...
2023: Frontiers in Plant Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37402253/advances-in-cis-element-and-natural-variations-mediated-transcriptional-regulation-and-applications-in-gene-editing-of-major-crops
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yue Cui, Qiao Cao, Yongpeng Li, Mingqi He, Xigang Liu
Transcriptional regulation is crucial to control of gene expression. Both spatio-temporal expression patterns and expression levels of genes are determined by the interaction between cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors. Numerous studies have focused on the trans-acting factors that mediate transcriptional regulatory networks. However, cis-acting elements, such as enhancers, silencers, transposons, and natural variations in the genome, are also vital for gene expression regulation and could be utilized by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated gene editing to improve crop quality and yield...
July 4, 2023: Journal of Experimental Botany
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37395789/crispr-cas9-gene-editing-technology-a-precise-and-efficient-tool-for-crop-quality-improvement
#35
REVIEW
Yingxin Guo, Guangdong Zhao, Xing Gao, Lin Zhang, Yanan Zhang, Xiaoming Cai, Xuejiao Yuan, Xingqi Guo
This review provides a direction for crop quality improvement and ideas for further research on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology for crop improvement. Various important crops, such as wheat, rice, soybean and tomato, are among the main sources of food and energy for humans. Breeders have long attempted to improve crop yield and quality through traditional breeding methods such as crossbreeding. However, crop breeding progress has been slow due to the limitations of traditional breeding methods...
July 3, 2023: Planta
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37386475/efficient-and-versatile-multiplex-prime-editing-in-hexaploid-wheat
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pei Ni, Yidi Zhao, Ximeng Zhou, Zehua Liu, Zhengwei Huang, Zhongfu Ni, Qixin Sun, Yuan Zong
Prime editing is limited by low efficiency in plants. Here, we develop an upgraded engineered plant prime editor in hexaploid wheat, ePPEplus, by introducing a V223A substitution into reverse transcriptase in the ePPEmax* architecture. ePPEplus enhances the efficiency by an average 33.0-fold and 6.4-fold compared to the original PPE and ePPE, respectively. Importantly, a robust multiplex prime editing platform is established for simultaneous editing of four to ten genes in protoplasts and up to eight genes in regenerated wheat plants at frequencies up to 74...
June 29, 2023: Genome Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37367609/unanticipated-large-scale-deletion-in-fusarium-graminearum-genome-using-crispr-cas9-and-its-impact-on-growth-and-virulence
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adam John Foster, Emily Johnstone, Abbey Saunders, Eva Colic, Nicole Lassel, Janesse Holmes
Fusarium graminearum , a filamentous fungus, and causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and other cereals, leads to significant economic losses globally. This study aimed to investigate the roles of specific genes in F. graminearum virulence using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene deletions. Illumina sequencing was used to characterize the genomic changes due to editing. Unexpectedly, a large-scale deletion of 525,223 base pairs on chromosome 2, comprising over 222 genes, occurred in two isolates. Many of the deleted genes were predicted to be involved in essential molecular functions, such as oxidoreductase activity, transmembrane transporter activity, hydrolase activity, as well as biological processes, such as carbohydrate metabolism and transmembrane transport...
June 14, 2023: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37326044/-improvement-of-crops-using-the-crispr-cas-system-new-target-genes
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Y V Ukhatova, M V Erastenkova, E S Korshikova, E A Krylova, A S Mikhailova, T V Semilet, N G Tikhonova, N A Shvachko, E K Khlestkina
The success of genome editing of crops using the CRISPR/Cas system largely depends on the correct choice of target genes, for which directed changes will increase yield and improve the quality of plant raw materials and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. This work systematizes and catalogs data on target genes used to improve cultivated plants. The latest systematic review examined articles indexed in the Scopus database and published before August 17, 2019. Our work covers the period from August 18, 2019 to March 15, 2022...
2023: Molekuliarnaia Biologiia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37275249/an-efficient-transformation-method-for-genome-editing-of-elite-bread-wheat-cultivars
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Akshaya K Biswal, L Ruben B Hernandez, Ana I R Castillo, Juan M Debernardi, Kanwarpal S Dhugga
An efficient genetic transformation protocol is necessary to edit genes for trait improvement directly in elite bread wheat cultivars. We used a protein fusion between a wheat growth-regulating factor 4 (GRF4) and its interacting factor (GIF1) to develop a reproducible genetic transformation and regeneration protocol, which we then used to successfully transform elite bread wheat cultivars Baj, Kachu, Morocco, Reedling, RL6077, and Sujata in addition to the experimental cultivar Fielder. Immature embryos were transformed with the vector using particle bombardment method...
2023: Frontiers in Plant Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37265088/genomic-approaches-to-enhance-adaptive-plasticity-to-cope-with-soil-constraints-amidst-climate-change-in-wheat
#40
REVIEW
Roopali Bhoite, Yong Han, Alamuru Krishna Chaitanya, Rajeev K Varshney, Darshan Lal Sharma
Climate change is varying the availability of resources, soil physicochemical properties, and rainfall events, which collectively determines soil physical and chemical properties. Soil constraints-acidity (pH < 6), salinity (pH ≤ 8.5), sodicity, and dispersion (pH > 8.5)-are major causes of wheat yield loss in arid and semiarid cropping systems. To cope with changing environments, plants employ adaptive strategies such as phenotypic plasticity, a key multifaceted trait, to promote shifts in phenotypes...
June 2, 2023: Plant Genome
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