Tuberculosis. Asthma. Copd

Recent studies demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important for the cell-based therapy of diseased or injured lung due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties as well as limited side effects in experimental animal models. Preclinical studies have shown that MSCs have also a remarkable effect on the immune cells, which play major roles in the pathogenesis of multiple lung diseases, by modulating their activity, proliferation, and functions. In addition, MSCs can inhibit both the infiltrated immune cells and detrimental immune responses in the lung and can be used in treating lung diseases caused by a virus infection such as Tuberculosis and SARS-COV-2...

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate errors in the use of metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) among patients diagnosed with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Additionally, we aimed to assess improvements following corrective interventions. Settings and design This cross-sectional study was done by simple random sampling. Methods and materials This study was done at a tertiary care center in South India in an outpatient department and ward for tuberculosis and chest disease to find out the right way to use an MDI and investigate the reasons why people with asthma and COPD don't use it correctly...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) have a greater disease burden than those with COPD or asthma alone. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical features of ACO because there are limited national data in Türkiye. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in a cross-sectional design in nine tertiary-care hospitals. The patients followed with a diagnosis of asthma or COPD for at least one year were enrolled in the study...

Low-dose computed tomography screening for lung cancer is currently targeted at heavy smokers or those with a family history of lung cancer. This study aimed to identify risk factors for lung cancer in individuals who do not meet the current lung cancer screening criteria as stipulated by the Taiwan Health Promotion Agency's low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening policy. A cohort analysis was conducted on 12,542 asymptomatic healthy subjects aged 20-80 years old who voluntarily underwent LDCT scans from January 2016 to December 2021...

BACKGROUND: Respiratory diseases, including active tuberculosis (TB), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), constitute substantial global health challenges, necessitating timely and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment and management. OBJECTIVE: This research seeks to develop and evaluate a noninvasive user-friendly artificial intelligence (AI)-powered cough audio classifier for detecting these respiratory conditions in rural Tanzania. METHODS: This is a nonexperimental cross-sectional research with the primary objective of collection and analysis of cough sounds from patients with active TB, asthma, and COPD in outpatient clinics to generate and evaluate a noninvasive cough audio classifier...

INTRODUCTION: Pesticides are used worldwide, mainly in agriculture as a means of controlling pests and protecting crops. That said, the entire world population is ultimately subject to pesticide exposure (consumption of fruits and vegetables, living near treated fields…), with varying degrees of toxicity involved. STATE OF THE ART: In recent decades, epidemiological studies have contributed to the identification of chemical pesticide families with detrimental effects on human health: cognitive disorders, Parkinson's disease, prostate cancer… and impairment in respiratory functioning...

BACKGROUND: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is known to useful biomarker for detecting eosinophilic airway inflammation. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the role of FeNO in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to assess whether elevated FeNO and its impact on treatment change into an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-containing regimen and association with acute exacerbation (AE) in patients with COPD. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 107 COPD patients without history of asthma from March 2016 to December 2019...

BACKGROUND: The development of strategies to better detect and manage patients with multiple long-term conditions requires estimates of the most prevalent condition combinations. However, standard meta-analysis tools are not well suited to synthesising heterogeneous multimorbidity data. METHODS: We developed a statistical model to synthesise data on associations between diseases and nationally representative prevalence estimates and applied the model to South Africa...

Data published on Panamanian fungal disease are scarce, mostly case reports. To date, there is no paper that compiles the burden of fungal disease Here we estimate for the first time the incidence and prevalence of fungal diseases in Panama. Data on fungal disease were obtained from different search engines: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scielo and Lilacs. For population and at risk diseases, we used statistics from worldometer, UNAIDS, and WHO. Incidence, prevalence, and absolute numbers were calculated based on the population at risk...

(1) Background: Eosinophilia has traditionally been linked to eosinophilic asthma, for which it is the gold-standard prognostic biomarker. However, the association between eosinophilia and the presence of other diseases and comorbidities is yet unclear. (2) Methods: For this retrospective study, we reviewed the electronic medical records of 49,909 subjects with blood eosinophilia to gather data on the presence of asthma, COPD, sleep apnea, tuberculosis, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases and severe CRSwNP among these subjects...

The extracellular signals that initiate intracellular reactions are dispatched by the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which oversee a multitude of cellular activities. p38, Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) are members of the vertebrate family of MAPKs, and each MAPK signaling pathway consists of a MAPK kinase (MAP3K), a MAPK kinase (MAP2K), and a MAPK. These signaling pathways orchestrate numerous cellular processes, including cell growth, survival, differentiation, and apoptosis...

Respiratory disorders, such as tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, and pulmonary inflammation, are among the most prevalent ailments in today's world. Dextran, an exopolysaccharide formed by Leuconostoc mesenteroides (slimeproducing bacteria), and its derivatives are investigated for several therapeutic utilities. Dextranbased drug delivery system can become an innovative strategy in the treatment of several respiratory ailments as it offers numerous advantages, such as mucolytic action, airway hydration, antiinflammatory properties, and radioprotective effect as compared to other polysaccharides...

Segmental instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by bronchoscopy safely induces transient airway inflammation in human lungs. This model enables investigation of pulmonary inflammatory mechanisms as well as pharmacodynamic analysis of investigational drugs. The aim of this work was to describe the transcriptomic profile of human segmental LPS challenge with contextualization to major respiratory diseases. Pre-challenge bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and biopsies were sampled from 28 smoking, healthy participants, followed by segmental instillation of LPS and saline as control...

BACKGROUND: For some COVID-19 patients, symptoms and health impairments persist for an extended period of time (long COVID). Long-term consequences of the disease can lead to permanent limitations in participatory life. In these cases, medical rehabilitation may be useful. Due to the novelty of the disease, little is known about the need for rehabilitation and therapy and the health benefits of specific rehabilitation interventions. METHODS: A multicentre longitudinal observational study was conducted...

INTRODUCTION: Biological risks are a major global problem in the workplace. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the biological risks at work. This study presents data on both communicable infectious biological agents and noncommunicable factors leading to death and disability for the year 2021. METHODS: We followed the methodology established by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in their past global estimates on occupational accidents and work-related diseases...

INTRODUCTION: Telemedicine is rapidly expanding across various fields worldwide. While it finds application in respiratory diseases due to the imperative need for protection against the risk of transmission and the close monitoring of patients with chronic diseases, there is a scarcity of publications detailing telemedicine experiences in respiratory diseases. This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the prospective management of patients with respiratory diseases through videoconference-based telemedicine, intending to establish a foundation for its judicious application in pulmonology cases...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequently occurring disease entailing high morbidity and mortality, and relevant therapeutic resources are limited. As is the case with asthma, the current trend consists in the phenotyping of COPD patients so as to develop personalized medicine tailored to a given individual's inflammatory profile. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of biologic agents in the management of COPD, taking into consideration not only COPD pathophysiology, but also the previously published studies and the relatively encouraging prospects for the future...

The role of the pharmacist has evolved significantly, not least over the last 20 years. It delivers a skilled profession with a vital role in medicines optimisation and the management of patients with a respiratory or sleep disorder. While pharmacists are capable of acting as independent practitioners delivering direct patient care, this article explores their contribution to multidisciplinary teams within asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis, interstitial lung disease and sleep medicine. Having identified patient cohorts needing specialist medicines support, notably those with poor medicines adherence or specific medicines-related needs (for example during adolescence, or women who are pregnant or breastfeeding), these pharmacists work within primary, secondary and specialist tertiary care...

As patients with critical respiratory diseases suffer from the discomfort of disease, frequent medical and nursing procedures, and the noise disturbance of the ICU environment, it is necessary to implement analgesia and sedation to reduce their negative stress and oxygen consumption. Special emphasis will be placed on the clinical practice of analgesia, sedation and rehabilitation in critically ill patients with respiratory diseases, as different pathophysiological features of the respective pulmonary diseases are presented, such as severe asthma and acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as the exclusive situations during respiratory therapy, such as recruitment maneuvers, bedside bronchoscopy and operation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenators...

PURPOSE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this paper, we determined risk factors for COPD among patients presenting to pulmonology and medical outpatients' clinics of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). METHODS: In this case-control study, cases were patients with COPD confirmed by spirometry and controls were those with normal spirometry. The two groups were matched by age and gender...